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Topic: Red River Flood, 1997

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Red River of the North

Grand Forks, North Dakota

North Dakota

Red River Floodway

Minot, North Dakota

Assiniboine River

Manitoba

Dauphin, Manitoba

Winnipeg

Lake Agassiz

Winnipeg, Manitoba

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	Who Decides? Forecasts and Responsibilities in the 1997 Red River Flood
		The Red River of the North basin is located in North Dakota and Minnesota in the United States, and in southern Manitoba, Canada (Figure 1).
		Flood forecasts are issued for the Red River basin through the North Central River Forecast Center (NCRFC) in Chanhassen, Minnesota, near Minneapolis, one of thirteen such hydrological forecast centers in the United States (Stallings and Wenzel 1995).
		Once the river exceeded the level of the 1979 flood, some Corps officials noticed that their internal estimates diverged from those of the NWS and were in fact closer to the observed flood level, and therefore concluded that the peak stage would be higher than NWS predictions, perhaps 52-55 feet.
	www.isse.ucar.edu /redriver/text.html (6777 words)

	Ebb Tide: Flood Exhibit
		The rivers and creeks that fed the Red also overflowed their normal channels, and the result of this flooding was a disaster of historic proportions.
		The immediate effects of the flood in the Red River Valley were easy to see – communities evacuated, homes pushed off their foundations by rushing water, cars literally floating.
		After the flood waters receded, the signs of disrupted lives were also in evidence as people carried ruined possessions out of their homes, stood in lines to obtain fresh, bottled water, studied bulletin boards to try and learn where friends and loved ones were now.
	www.mnstate.edu /archives/Exhibit/FloodExhibitEbbTide.htm (972 words)

	MPR: Red River flood fight moves north
		As the high water moves north, overland flooding is surrounding farms and eroding deep gouges in dozens of rural roads.
		The Red River is expected to crest late this week in Grand Forks and East Grand Forks.
		All along the Red River this week, people will be keeping one eye on their sandbags, and the other eye on the sky.
	minnesota.publicradio.org /display/web/2006/04/03/floodupdate/?rsssource=1 (756 words)

	USATODAY.com - City proud of recovery from 1997 flood (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		NCAR: Report on the use and misuse of forecasts of the 1997 flood.
		GRAND FORKS, N.D. (AP) — It was the starkest image of the flood that swamped this city: the charred facade of a downtown building, rising from murky floodwaters that had held firefighters at bay.
		The Red River winds north through a table-flat valley to form most of the border between North Dakota and Minnesota.
	www.usatoday.com /weather/news/2002/2002-04--14-grand-forks-flood.htm (1257 words)

	RADARSAT-1 Captures the Red River Flood
		Flooding in the Red River Valley continues to expand.
		River levels at the time this image was taken were already two to four feet above the peak levels recorded in 1979.
		This flooding is due to melt water ponding in the low lying areas as well as from smaller streams in the Red River Valley.
	www.ccrs.nrcan.gc.ca /radar/spaceborne/radarsat1/action/canada/redfld_e.php (571 words)

	FloodsTheme Page
		In addition to downloadable satellite images, there is a register of international large river flooding for the last several years in their site.
		Included are facts and figures of the flood, photographs, personal health and safety guidelines, guidelines for what to do when returning to flooded out residences, and advice on avoiding scams.
		The virtual diary of a free lance writer and photographer who chronicled the Red River flood of 1997 (North Dakota and Manitoba) while it was happening.
	www.cln.org /themes/floods.html (591 words)

	Winnipeggers place faith in Duff's Ditch to provide Red River flood protection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The river curls through the heart of the city of 660,000, past posh homes, grimy factories, a major hospital, a children's museum.
		The floodway is an earthen ditch that cuts a detour around the southeast and east of Winnipeg and rejoins the river to the north of the city.
		Both the floodway and the river channel could still overflow their banks because of the huge volume of water, and about 3,000 homes in the city are considered to be vulnerable.
	www.chron.com /content/chronicle/world/97/04/30/winnipeg.2-0.html (752 words)

	Murphy Entertainment Group
		Flood of the Millennium chronicles the Red River flood of 1997.
		In the spring of 1997 the Red River, the border between North Dakota and Minnesota, flooded.
		The Columbia: River of the West traces the significant historic events in the Columbia valley from its geological beginnings through the building of the greatest hydroelectric stream on the globe.
	www.murphyentertainment.com /index.php?P=SCREEN (1649 words)

	Category:1997 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Articles and events specifically related to the year 1997.
		The handover ceremony of Hong Kong in 1997
		Wilaya of Relizane massacres of 30 December 1997
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Category:1997 (84 words)

	The flood of '79 - Red River Rising: Manitoba Floods - CBC Archives
		Flood levels at Winnipeg were almost identical in both years.
		In 1979, the Red River Valley was much better prepared for a flood emergency.
		Flood levels there in 1979 were the worst they'd been in 83 years.
	archives.cbc.ca /IDC-1-70-670-3787/disasters_tragedies/manitoba_floods/clip4 (394 words)

	Flood Mitigation of the Red Rive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In the spring of 1997 the town of Grand Forks, North Dakota experienced a flood of catastrophic proportion.
		After the 1997 flood the city has taken action in preparing for floods to lessen the monetary damages and to reduce the loss of life that can be associated with flooding.
		By properly creating land-use plans for flood plain areas and having a ready set action for flood response a community can deal with flooding that is not a question of if but when.
	www.uwec.edu /jolhm/EH2/Nelson/Nelsonmchazards/Introduction.htm (235 words)

	The Chronicle: 11/25/2004: Rural Red Cross Leader Looks Back on a Productive Tour of Duty
		Red Cross volunteers from around the country came to the Red River Valley to help flood victims clean up and recover from the disaster.
		The river, which runs along the border between Minnesota and North Dakota, crested to 26 feet above flood stage, leaving communities on both sides of the river completely under water.
		The Red Cross, which played a key role in helping victims recover from the massive flood, saw a surge in donations as a result of the efforts.
	philanthropy.com /free/articles/v17/i04/04003201.htm (1311 words)

	Red River of the North; Flood Bibliography
		Ryan, Gerald L., and Harkness, R.E., 1993, Flood of April 1989 in the Wahpeton- Breckenridge and Fargo-Moorhead areas, Red River of the North basin, North Dakota and Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations WRI 93-4155.
		Red River of the North/Devils Lake Basin - EPA
		River Crests, Red River of the North at Fargo
	www.library.uiuc.edu /gex/bibs/redriverflood.html (2132 words)

	Red River Flood Activity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Red River of the North forms the border between North Dakota and Minnesota.
		In this activity, students will analyze the 500-year flood that took place in 1997 on the Red River of the North, focusing on the destruction that took place in the communities of Grand Forks, North Dakota, and East Grand Forks, Minnesota.
		After viewing them, students should know the geographic location of the Red River Valley (be able to find it on a map), have read the flood facts, and have a general idea of the timeline of the flood, and how it affected the people living in the flood zones.
	www.math.montana.edu /~nmp/materials/ess/hydrosphere/expert/rrf/flood.html (673 words)

	The 1997 Red River Valley Flood (addition)
		ACQUISITION: This addition to the 1997 Red River Valley Flood Collection was deposited in the Orin G. Libby Manuscript Collection by a variety of sources including the city of Grand Forks, Army Corps of Engineers, Alan Draves, and the staff of the Department of Special Collections (Acc.# 2004-2720).
		This addition to the 1997 Red River Valley Flood Collection dates from 1997-2004, and consists of publications, government documents, newspaper and magazine articles, miscellaneous documents, and photographs.
		The publications, Flood Protection Update, Forks Focus, Greenway Connections, and Constructive Communication, were created to help inform residents about projects to help defend against flooding of the Red River.
	www.und.nodak.edu /dept/library/Collections/og1351b.html (802 words)

	Policy Implications of El Nino (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The North Central River Forecast Center predicted weeks in advance that the Red River would reach a very high stage of 47.5 feet based on one assumption, and 49 feet based on another.
		For example, on April 8, 1997 The Grand Forks Herald wrote that "[NWS] experts are still forecasting a maximum 49-foot crest for the Red at East Grand Forks" (Foss 1997, emphasis added).
		Others viewed the flood outlook as exact, i.e., "the crest will be 49 feet." Still others viewed the 49 foot outlook as somewhat uncertain; examples of the uncertainty ascribed to the outlook by various decision makers ranged from 1 to 6 feet.
	www-ocean.tamu.edu /education/oceanworld-old/resources/oceanography-book/policy-elnino.htm (720 words)

	Geoscientific insights into the Red River and its flood problem in Manitoba
		This website presents geoscience information on the Red River and the Red River flood hazard, Manitoba, from Geological Survey of Canada research undertaken between 1997 and 2003 in partnership with the Manitoba Geological Survey.
		The site also contains a general summary of the geomorphology of the Red River and its relationship to the flood problem, listings of major post-1800 Red River floods (to 1999) and twentieth century flood disasters in Manitoba, and images of the Red River (including the 1997 flood).
		Questions regarding the contents of this site or general queries on the geomorphology of the Red River, Manitoba, should be directed to Dr. Greg Brooks.
	gsc.nrcan.gc.ca /floods/redriver/index_e.php (203 words)

	Grand River on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Environmental health effects of the Red River flood of 1997: interview with Jim Schothorst, environm...
		Red River crests in Grand Forks-East Grand Forks at 47.85 feet; floodwater moves on, surrounds well-...
		The unionid mussel fauna of northeastern Ohio's Grand River (1).
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/G/GrandRiCan.asp (409 words)

	Red River Valley Flood Protection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The aim of the program is to minimize damages in the Red River Valley from future events similar to the flood of 1997.
		A four-year, $1 million scientific study of the long-term historical patterns of flooding in the Red River Valley.
		For example, 1997 flows in the floodway were approaching the elevation of bridge decks.
	www.wd.gc.ca /ced/redriver/default_e.asp (607 words)

	Red River Flood Facts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The population of Grand Forks, North Dakota, at the time of the flood was approximately 52,000.
		Flood damaged appliances, furniture, and other materials removed in six weeks from homes in Grand Forks and East Grand Forks and trucked to the landfills totaled 112,000 tons - 224 million pounds - normally nine months of garbage.
		The peak flow of the Red River measured in Grand Forks was 137,000 cubic feet - over one million gallons - per second.
	www.math.montana.edu /~nmp/materials/ess/hydrosphere/expert/rrf/fact.html (202 words)

	CNN - Grand Forks loses its fight against Red River - Apr. 19, 1997 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Red River was expected to crest sometime Saturday evening at 54 feet, nearly twice the flood stage of 28 feet.
		On the other side of the Red River in East Grand Forks, Minnesota, an 8-foot dike burst, forcing part of the city to be evacuated and closing the only link between the two cities.
		The river in Fargo appeared to be holding steady at 39.53 feet, down from 39.8 feet Friday but still more than 20 feet above flood stage.
	www.cnn.com /WEATHER/9704/19/ndakota.flooding (665 words)

	Legislative Electronic Publications -- Premier Attends Meeting On International Flood Co-operation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Premier Gary Doer will be in Washington, D.C., tomorrow meeting with U.S. officials on improving joint efforts on flood mitigation in the Red River Basin.
		Despite preliminary forecasts for 2001 in the Red River Basin, we know the water volumes that caused the 1997 flood will occur again in years to come," said Doer.
		He added it was important to build on the efforts of provincial and state officials and non-governmental organizations that culminated in the IFMI summit at Fargo-Moorhead last year.
	www.gov.mb.ca /chc/press/top/2001/01/2001-01-30-03.html (184 words)

	Photographs of Red River Floods near Fargo, North Dakota: 1997
		April, 1997, Flood: Red River of the North at the Georgetown, Minnesota, bridge.
		Confluence of Sheyenne and Red rivers is visible to the lower-right.
		Confluence of Sheyenne and Red rivers is visible at the upper-right.
	www.ndsu.edu /fargo_geology/fldphotos1997.htm (411 words)

	Amazon.com: Voices from the Flood: An Oral History of the 1997 Flood of the Red River of the North: Books: Ellio ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In 1997, the Red River of the North flooded its banks and gushed through Grand Forks, N.D., taking away possessions and hope and leaving horrific memories.
		Voices from the Flood is the story of the people who were forced to evacuate their homes and disperse to shelters and makeshift accommodations for over three weeks in the Red River Valley of North Dakota and Minnesota.
		The story of the flood's impact is told in the voices and rhythms of the people themselves.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0943107105?v=glance (609 words)

	Welcome to the Grounds of the Grand Forks County Historical Society.
		The goal of the society to this day is the preservation of the heritage of the Red River Valley for future generations.
		The grounds have seen the coming and going of nature and has survived many trials and tribulations including the Restoration of the historic Campbell House was the first project of the society and as time went on the other aspects of the city's and county's history were added.
		The museum was built on the grounds of the society in 1976 and the architecture of the museum blends with the design of the historic Campbell house.
	www.geocities.com /Heartland/Valley/8823/museum.html (1277 words)

	[No title]
		GIS RESPONSE TO THE 1997 RED RIVER FLOOD
		All agencies quickly recognized the potential for using GIS in other aspects of flood relief and ArcView was quickly customized to track emergency response crews to map floating and submerged obstructions and to map the locations of remaining residents.
		The PFRA GIS Response to the 1997 Red River Flood is the first use of ESRI's Geographic Information System Software, in Canada, during a Natural Disaster of this type and magnitude.
	gis.esri.com /library/userconf/proc98/PROCEED/TO300/PAP265/P265.HTM (1793 words)

	FEMA For Kids: Students From River Heights Elementary School Write Letters To Other Students Who Have Experienced ...
		When my mom and I were making dinner on the day of the flood, the National Guard came to our house and said we had to go far away from the water.
		When we came back from the flood, my mom was going to clean out the stove and when she opened the stove, dinner was still in it.
		In April I think of the flood because that is when it happened last year.
	www.fema.gov /kids/k2k_rhelm.htm (415 words)

	Floods Lecture Notes
		Flood crest reached when peak flow is reached – usually a lag time from end of rainfall to flood crest
		Flood control systems and management plans are generally designed to protect against a 100-year flood
		This causes the estimated 100-yr flood discharge magnitude to increase
	www.geology.sdsu.edu /classes/geol351/03floods/floodslect.htm (1180 words)

	Legislative Electronic Publications -- Action On Winnipeg Flood Protection Project Announced By Premier
		"The memory of the 1997 Red River flood and the devastation in southern Manitoba, as well as the shocking scenes from our neighbours in North Dakota and Minnesota, is still fresh in our minds," said Doer.
		The premier noted that the inlet notch projects were the first flood protection initiatives agreed to with senior Manitoba federal minister Ron Duhamel under the Canada-Manitoba Infrastructure Agreement.
		The report Flood Protection Studies for Winnipeg was commissioned by the governments of Canada, Manitoba and the City of Winnipeg, following the 2000 International Joint Commission report on the Red River flood of 1997.
	www.gov.mb.ca /chc/press/top/2001/11/2001-11-15-03.html (649 words)

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