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Topic: Red River Floodway

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	Bob's Rock Shop: Gypsum Rosettes from Winnipeg's Red River Floodway
		The Red River Floodway is a 49-kilometer man-made diversion channel running along the eastern boundary of the city of Winnipeg.
		It was built to reduce risk of spring flooding in Winnipeg by diverting a portion of the water from the Red River to outside the city limits.
		The floodway has an average depth of 10 meters, and the width ranges from 130 to 180 meters at the base to 230 to 330 meters at the top of its banks.
	www.rockhounds.com /rockshop/floodway.html (1316 words)

	Red River
		Red River, 877 km long (to the head of the Sheyenne River), rises in Lake Traverse on the Minnisota-South Dakota border, as the Bois de Sioux River, joins the Otter Tail River and flows directly north past Fargo and Grand Forks, crossing the Canadian border between Pembina, North Dakota, and Emerson, Manitoba.
		The river was discovered (1734) by the LA VÉRENDRYE expedition; a French post, Fort Maurepas, was built on the delta that year and Fort Rouge (1738) at the forks.
		The river was the heart of the RED RIVER COLONY; farms were laid in narrow strips along the riverbanks for irrigation and easy transport.
	www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com /index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0006723 (433 words)

	Geoscientific insights into the Red River and its flood problem in Manitoba - Geological controls on Red River flooding
		Red River floods are particularly unusual in comparison to floods along other Canadian rivers because during high flows river waters spread across the flat plain of the Red River Valley forming a long, broad flood zone.
		Although the inundated zone of the Red River resembles a shallow, ephemeral lake in plan, it is an overland flow that advances slowly along the gently-sloped plain of the Red River Valley.
		This plain thus functions as the hydraulic floodplain of the Red River although it is not a morphological floodplain in the sense of being an alluvial surface formed by the river.
	gsc.nrcan.gc.ca /floods/redriver/geological_e.php (686 words)

	The Floodway Expansion Project Description
		The existing Floodway is a flood diversion channel that was constructed between 1962 and 1968 as a major element of a coordinated flood-defence response to massive damage incurred by the City of Winnipeg during the 1950 flood.
		Floods occurred on the Red River in 1969, 1970, 1974, 1979, 1987 and 1997.
		Channel improvements in the Red River in Winnipeg and in the river reach north of Winnipeg to increase discharge capacity of the river.
	www.floodwayeia.com /projdesc.htm (3704 words)

	City of Winnipeg - UD : Water and Waste : Sewage and Drainage : 2006 Flood Forecast (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		South of the Floodway, the Red River is currently at 753.9 feet (229.8 metres), down 9.5 feet from the April 20 peak of 763.4 feet (232.7 metres).
		At 10 a.m., the Red River in downtown Winnipeg is at 17.9 feet James - a slight decline from last week's elevation range of 18.7 to 18.3 feet James.
		South of the Floodway, the Red River is currently at 762.8 feet (232.5 metres), down 0.6 feet from the peak on April 20 of 763.4 feet (232.7 metres).
	www.winnipeg.ca /waterandwaste/sewage/floodForecast2006.stm (4641 words)

	Province of Manitoba l Manitoba Floodway Authority
		During the 1997 "Flood of the Century", the capacity of the floodway was pushed to its limit.
		Floodway expansion complements the $130 million in flood protection measures - $110 million for rural residents in the Red River Basin- already invested by the Canada and Manitoba governments since 1997.
		As chief executive officer of the Manitoba Floodway Authority, I want to assure you that the MFA is committed to completeing the project in a timely manner.
	www.floodwayauthority.mb.ca /ceomessage.html (347 words)

	Freshwater Website: Floods (Reducing flood damage - Case Studies: Red, Assiniboine and Fraser Rivers)
		Subsequent to the Red River flood in 1950, a large scale structural approach was planned and implemented for protection against future flood damages by the Red and Assiniboine rivers.
		The floodway channel is approximately 48 kilometres long, with a drop of 5 metres between the inlet and outlet and a designed depth of flow in the channel of 8 metres.
		The purpose of the outlet structure is to dissipate the energy in the water at its point of re-entry to the Red River near Lockport, thereby preventing damage and erosion in the river.
	www.ec.gc.ca /water/en/manage/floodgen/e_red_fr.htm (1850 words)

	Red River Flood of 1997 - winnipedia.ca
		In 1968, the province of Manitoba constructed the Red River Floodway put up permanent dikes in eight towns south of Winnipeg, and built clay dikes and diversion dams in the Winnipeg area.
		The town's dike system was prepared for the river approaching from the south, but the river had spread and swamped the town from the west.
		The Red River is highly prone to flooding because of its northward flow.
	winnipedia.ca /wiki/Red_River_Flood_of_1997 (597 words)

	Current Perspective - Field Workshops
		The Red River north of Winnipeg was the beaten path for generations of Cree fishers and Scots settlers.
		River Road Heritage Parkway winds along the west bank of the Red River north of Winnipeg, the oldest public right-of-way west of Ontario.
		As a response to the intolerably poor condition of this historic and (sometimes) navigable river, local residents organized and took it upon themselves to protect and enhance the river and its banks.
	riverswest.ca /index.cfm?pageID=27 (1990 words)

	Red River of the North - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It was a key river in the early settlement of Canada, notably being home to the Red River Colony that later became Winnipeg.
		In the United States it is called the Red River of the North, to distinguish it from another Red River (a tributary of the Mississippi River that forms part of the border between Texas and Oklahoma).
		That province's capital, Winnipeg, is at its confluence with the Assiniboine River.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Red_River_of_the_North (432 words)

	Red River Floodway - winnipedia.ca
		The Floodway was pejoratively nicknamed "Duff's Ditch" by opponents of its construction, after Premier Duff Roblin, whose Progressive Conservative government initiated the project.
		Construction of the Floodway started on October 6th, 1962 and finished in March 1968, was a major undertaking with 76.5 million cubic metres of earth excavated—more than what was moved for the Panama Canal or the Suez Canal.
		In 2003, the province announced plans to expand the floodway, increasing its flow capacity from 2,550 m³/s to 4,000 m³/s, mostly by widening it.
	winnipedia.ca /wiki?title=Red_River_Floodway&printable=yes (256 words)

	University of Manitoba - Faculty of Engineering - Design Application
		The Red River Floodway was planned in the 1950's and built between 1962 and 1968.
		The Floodway was used to protect the city from flooding more than 20 times over the decades that followed the project’s completion.
		It extends south and west from the Floodway Inlet and prevents the floodwaters of the infamous "Red Sea" from entering Winnipeg from the southwest.
	design.eng.umanitoba.ca /structural/floodway_expansion_full.html (1176 words)

	Park Info: Red River State Park: Minnesota DNR
		The Red River of the North is located on an especially important migratory route for may species of birds.
		The unchanging flat topography of the Red River Valley is a major factor in the river's propensity to flood.
		The western boundary of the Red River Recreation Area is the Red River of the North.
	www.dnr.state.mn.us /state_parks/red_river/narrative.html (579 words)

	RADARSAT-1 Captures the Red River Flood
		The outlet of the Floodway into the Red River is evident at the top of the image.
		River levels at the time this image was taken were already two to four feet above the peak levels recorded in 1979.
		Further away from the Red River, significant localized flooding continues to be evident.
	ccrs.nrcan.gc.ca /radar/spaceborne/radarsat1/action/canada/redfld_e.php (575 words)

	Flood control works (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The floodway consists of four major components: the inlet structure, the floodway channel, the outlet structure and the east and west dikes.
		In the Red River Valley, the eight ring-diked communities became island fortresses at the height of the flood.
		The west dike of the floodway inlet control structure, which prevents flood waters from bypassing the structure and entering the City of Winnipeg, had to be extended and raised to deal with this large flood event.
	www.quantumlynx.com /water/vol7no2/story2.html (1091 words)

	Winnipeg&RegionGreenMap
		The hazard of flooding is a serious threat to Winnipeg and the Red River Valley area.
		Secondly, urban development and the cultivation of land exacerbates the problem of flooding by increasing discharge volume and runoff speed of water flows, resulting in a greater magnitude and frequency of peak discharges (Marsh, 1998).
		Finally, no comprehensive strategy has been developed along the Mississippi or Red Rivers to protect cities and their residents from the dangers of floodwaters.
	www.arch.umanitoba.ca /greenmap/pages/GrnMp_floodway (448 words)

	Red River Floodway - Looking Back : Canadian Geographic Magazine
		Perhaps the most significant is the 47-kilometer Red River Floodway, which, since opening in 1968, has saved Winnipeg from flooding 18 times.
		In the spring flood of 1974, as the Red and Assiniboine rivers crested almost simultaneously, the floodway's ability to protect the property and lives of Winnipeg residents was put to the test.
		As flows in the Red River increase, the gates are raised so that more and more water is diverted into the floodway.
	www.canadiangeographic.ca /SpecialFeatures/Floods/look.asp (647 words)

	Save Our Seine River Environment Inc >> In the Media
		The floodway was required because the Red River, with its shallow banks and northerly flow, is given to springtime flooding, a point driven home by the massive Winnipeg flood of 1950, which inundated a sixth of Winnipeg and drove 100,000 people from their homes.
		But if the Red rises too high, gates south of Winnipeg divert river water into the floodway, which carries it safely up the eastern outskirts of Winnipeg until turning it into the Red River again.
		Small streams were run into the floodway when it was dug, but this couldn’t be done with the relatively major and marvelously meandering Seine.
	www.saveourseine.com /media/961000.html (368 words)

	Red River Floodway (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Other potential hazards are the piping, tubing, culverts and open water in the floodway channel that could be a risk to snowmobilers.
		The Red River Floodway, a Canadian waterway which opened in 1968 (first used in 1969), is a 47 km flood control channel which, during flood periods, diverts part of the Red River around Winnipeg and discharges back into the Red River below the dam at Lockport, Manitoba.
		The floodway, started on October 6th, 1962 and finished in March 1968, was a major undertaking with 76.5 million cubic metres of earth excavated - more than what was moved for the Panama Canal or the Suez Canal.
	publicliterature.org /en/wikipedia/r/re/red_river_floodway.html (192 words)

	Manitoba Wildlands - Red River Floodway
		The federal and provincial reports advising regulators as to approval of the proposed Red River Floodway Expansion ('Floodway Expansion') were released in spring 2005.
		The municipalities are worried the $665-million floodway expansion could cause their aquifers to leak into the floodway and that contaminated water would seep into their drinking water.
		The Floodway Authority (the Authority) is an entity established by the Province of Manitoba charged with the responsibility of executing the work required to complete the floodway expansion project.
	www.manitobawildlands.org /water_floodway.htm (1398 words)

	geophysics
		Seismic refraction surveys conducted during the construction of the Red River floodway (Hobson et al., 1964) defined the seismic velocity response of the different geological units and revealed considerable variation in the depth to bedrock along the floodway associated with karstification of the bedrock.
		Near the floodway site, the bedrock is at 22 m depth but there is a sharp decrease to 12 m depth, several hundred metres to the north.
		Previous geoelectric studies in the Winnipeg area have indicated that the conductivity of the upper several metres of soil is ~100 mS/m (millisiemens per metre), and the conductivity of the Agassiz units is 125-200 mS/m.
	home.cc.umanitoba.ca /~ferguso/rosettes/geophysics.html (766 words)

	A New Approach to Multi-criteria Decision: JGIDA vol. 1, no.1, pp. 25-43
		The focus of the Red River Valley floodplain analysis is a region (7.5 by 5 km) encompassing the community of St. Adolphe along the Red River south of Winnipeg.
		The floodway is a 30 mile long channel, with a flow capacity of 60 000 cfs, which diverts floodwaters around the east side of the City of Winnipeg and then reconnects with the Red River near the town of Lockport.
		The height of the floodway gates is changed to increase the water surface elevation at the floodway entrance by 0.3 m.
	publish.uwo.ca /~jmalczew/gida_1/Tkach/Tkach.htm (7485 words)

	The RED RIVER "Great Canadian Rivers"
		Salvation came in the form of the 47 kilometre Red River Floodway, constructed in 1968.
		During the Flood of the Century, however, the Floodway succeeded in diverting much of the Red River's raging waters east of the city, saving Manitoba's capital from untold destruction.
		Flood of the Century: Of the many Red River floods that have devastated surrounding farm lands and communities, the 1997 "Flood of the Century" was one of the worst, creating an enormous, 2,000 square kilometre inland sea, stretching from the United States border, 110 kilometres north to the southern suburbs of Winnipeg.
	www.greatcanadianrivers.com /rivers/redriver/economy-home.html (348 words)

	Satellite Impressions, Map Poster of the City of Winnipeg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Construction of the Greater Winnipeg (Red River) Floodway was completed in 1967 and Duff Roblin suffered much ridicule for his proposed 40 km channel to divert potential floodwaters from the city.
		In this image, where highway 59 crosses the floodway, only a thin stream of water is visible at the bottom of the ditch.
		This area is near the Red River and we can take note of the patterns of agricultural fields next to the rivers in the region.
	www.satelliteimpressions.com /winfloodway.html (201 words)

	:: TetrES Consultants - FloodZone ::
		During normal spring flows, the Floodway gates are down, thereby allowing flow from the Red River to the south to flow through the gate structure and proceed through the City of Winnipeg.
		During periods of flood conditions, the gates of the Floodway Control Structure are raised, causing a portion of what was heading for the Red River channel through the City to be redirected up the floodway channel.
		On the entrance to the floodway channel, there is a "lip" that exists to reduce the probability of ice entering the floodway channel.
	www.tetres.ca /floodzone_aerialview_fw.htm (646 words)

	Winnipeg \| Historical Background\| City Guide \| WCities Destination Guide
		A population of 215 in 1871 grew to 3700 in 1874.
		Travel on the rivers was vital to commerce in the early development of the city.
		These rivers continued to be vital until the development of the Red River Cart, a sturdy two-wheeled wagon that could withstand the brutal overland routes used in westward expansion.
	www.wcities.com /en/guide/history/499/guide.html (1130 words)

	Manitoba Calls NRC's Floodbusters to Help Prepare for Potentially Disastrous Floods - National Research Council Canada
		Built in the 1960s, Manitoba's Red River Floodway is a channel that can divert the river around Winnipeg and limit the amount of water that flows through the city.
		The Manitoba Floodway Authority, a crown corporation established to expand the Red River Floodway, has enlisted NRC-CHC's help to assess the impact of a "1 in 700 year" flood that could happen at any time and would make Manitoba's "Flood of the Century" seem minor by comparison.
		The $665-million Red River Floodway Expansion Project, supported by Infrastructure Canada, is recognized as a national infrastructure priority.
	www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca /highlights/2005/0510manitoba_e.html (1043 words)

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