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Topic: Red Rose of Lancaster

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Tudor Rose

White Rose of York

Rose

House of Lancaster

House of York

Wars of the Roses

White Rose

Duke of Lancaster

Rambling Rose

Battle of Bosworth Field

Battle of St Albans

Henry VI of England

King Richard III

Tudor dynasty

1455

	Red Rose of Lancaster - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Red Rose of Lancaster was the House of Lancaster's badge during the Wars of the Roses.
		The rose does not form any part of the insignia of the Duchy of Lancaster, but came to be seen as an emblem of the county of Lancashire, and as such was incorporated in the coats of arms of numerous Lancashire local authorities including the county council.
		From the nineteenth century the red rose was part of the badge of a number of units of the British Army recruiting in the county.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Red_Rose_of_Lancaster (403 words)

	Red Rose of Lancashire - Rosa Gallica officinalis
		Red Rose of Lancashire - Rosa Gallica officinalis
		rose is recorded as being in cultivation in the 800's (It was used as a medicine and perfume in the court of Charlemagne in the ninth century A.D.).
		The Red Rose at Lancaster has a long and distinguished history which is intertwined with the House of Lancaster, the War of the Roses, the Monarchy, the County Palatine of Lancaster and the development of the County of Lancashire.
	www.lancashirevillages.com /redrose (647 words)

	History of Roses
		During the fifteenth century, the rose was used as a symbol for the factions fighting to control England.
		Roses were in such high demand during the seventeenth century that royalty considered roses or rose water as legal tender, and they were often used as barter and for payments.
		Gardeners realize that these roses fit the lifestyle of today's gardeners who want roses that are not as demanding with regard to disease control, offer excellent floral quality, have excellent winter hardiness, and fit into shrub borders and perennial gardens without seeming out of place.
	www.urbanext.uiuc.edu /roses/history.html (470 words)

	Portland's Rose Gardens and Rose Garden Store \| Rose Facts
		The Red Rose of Lancaster was ultimately victorious; the White Rose of York belonged to the vanquished.
		This luminous pale yellow rose with a tinge of pink was named âPeaceâ and became the symbol for the fall of Berlin and the end of the war.
		Her bed was also covered with fresh roses daily, as were the beds of newlyweds in Roman times and rose wreaths were often hung by lovers on the doors of their belovedâs boudoirs.
	www.rosegardenstore.org /rl_facts.cfm (906 words)

	The Rose
		In the middle ages a rose was suspended from the ceiling of a council chamber, pledging all present to secrecy,or sub rosa,"under the rose".
		In Catholic litanies, the Virgin Mary is called"Rosa mystica" and in many hymns she is invoked as the "rose without thorns." Long before Pope Leo IX Consecrated the rose in the eleventh century, it had high status as an ornamental plant with royalty.
		During the "War of the Roses," the House of York was symbolized by a white rose, the House of Lancaster by a red rose.
	www.sfheart.com /rose.html (1036 words)

	Red Roses: Buy Red Rose Bouquets, Potted Rose Plants & Bare Root Roses
		Often a single red rose is given to a lover to signify how unique and special that person is. The person is not one rose in a bunch, but singular and unique.
		Red roses in bloom also stand for respect and courage, where as red rosebuds mean “pure and lovely”.
		Deep red semi-double blooms the same colour of the dress coat of the Chelsea Pensioners of the royal hospital Chelsea for whom it is named.
	www.apuldramroses.co.uk /red-Colour-Roses.htm (607 words)

	The History of Roses
		Roses later became synonymous with the worst excesses of the Roman Empire when the peasants were reduced to growing roses instead of food crops in order to satisfy the demands of their rulers.
		Roses were used as confetti at celebrations, for medicinal purposes, and as a source of perfume.
		In fifteenth century England, roses were chosen to represent the two rival royal factions: the white rose of the House of York and the red rose of the House of Lancaster.
	www.rosefarm.com /history.php (2668 words)

	Rose Gardening Tips » types of roses (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Lancaster’s Red Rose is an official variety and is possibly the first cultivated rose.
		The Gallic Rose (also French Rose, Rose of Provinces) is a Rose species native to Southern and Central Europe and is one of the earliest cultivated species of roses, being cultivated by the Greek and Romans and it was commonly used in Mediaeval gardens.
		The Sweetbrier or Eglantine rose (Rosa eglanteria, syn.
	www.rosegardeningcenter.com /blog/category/types-of-roses (1423 words)

	Richard III Society -- Roses
		Others may simply enjoy learning a little about the Red Rose of Lancaster, the White Rose of York, the rose called York and Lancaster, the "Tudor Rose," and the Jacobite Rose associated with both the White Rose of York and the illfated Roman Catholic Stuarts.
		While the Red Rose of Lancaster is a gallica and the White Rose of York is an alba, York and Lancaster is a damask rose.
		Note: Vintage roses have grown in popularity in recent years and can be purchased from many local and mail order nurseries.
	www.r3.org /life/medmisc/rose1.html (443 words)

	BBC - Lancashire Life & Style - Living in the other red rose county, Lancaster, Philadelphia
		Lancaster is 200 miles from New York City and at the central point of a state which includes Philadelphia and Pittsburgh.
		The area is separated from nearby York County by the mighty Susquehanna River on its was to the Chesapeake Bay and the Atlantic.
		Lancaster city and county has a population of around half a million and is one of the fastest growing areas in the USA.
	www.bbc.co.uk /lancashire/lifestyle/2003/11/03/lancaster_usa.shtml (594 words)

	The Apothecary's Rose - Rose Magazine
		In fact, the petals of this rose were dried and rolled into beads, then strung into what became the rosary and from which the rosary received its name.
		Persian legends maintain that the rose’s red coloration came about because a nightengale so dearly loved the white rose, it grasped it tightly and the thorns pierced its breast; its blood turned the white rose red.
		The Apothecary’s Rose had become the symbol of the House of Lancaster (and renamed The Red Rose of Lancaster); the white R. alba, the symbol of the House of York.
	www.rosemagazine.com /articles04/apothecary_rose (605 words)

	House of Lancaster - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The House of Lancaster was a branch of the English royal House of Plantagenet, English kings.
		The House is named Lancaster, because its members were all descended from Edward III's son John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster; their symbol was a red rose.
		The House of Tudor descends from the Lancasters by way of Margaret Beaufort, great granddaughter of John of Gaunt, who married Edmund Tudor, earl of Richmond, and was the mother of Henry VII of England.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/House_of_Lancaster (229 words)

	Brewer, E. Cobham. Dictionary of Phrase & Fable. Rose.
		Camden says the red rose was the accepted badge of Edmund Plantagenet, who was the second son of Henry III., and of the first Duke of Lancaster, surnamed Crouchbacke.
		It was also the cognisance of John of Gaunt, second Duke of Lancaster, in virtue of his wife, who was godchild of Edmund Crouchbacke, and his sole heir.
		Cupid gave Harpoc’rates (the god of silence) a rose, to bribe him not to betray the amours of Venus.
	www.bartleby.com /81/14510.html (361 words)

	Rose of the Month: Apothecary's Rose
		Historians came to refer to this tumultuous time as "The War of the Roses." Upon rising to power in 1485, Henry the VII chose to symbolize the union of the two warring families by creating a new symbol—the ‘Apothecary’s Rose’ laid atop the rosa alba—and called it the Tudor Rose.
		So we have the ‘Red Rose of Lancaster,’ a gallica, the ‘White Rose of York,’ an alba, and the ‘York and Lancaster Rose,’ a damask rose, which exhibits the range of colors: pink, white, white flecks on pink, pink flecks on white.
		Of the three roses in the "War of the Roses" legend, the gallica is the only once bloomer.
	www.pswdistrict.org /text/articles/romfeb01.html (780 words)

	SignOnSanDiego.com > Home Improvement
		England's famous civil war, dubbed "The Wars of Roses," was fought from 1455 to 1487 between the House of Lancaster and the House of York.
		Although red roses are popular for both landscapes and cutting gardens, there is a relatively small number from which to choose because they are so difficult to hybridize.
		The discovery of a red species rose in China led some unknown horticulturist to hybridize a clear red rose, Slater's Crimson China, that was the forerunner of modern repeat-bloomers as well as red roses.
	www.signonsandiego.com /projects2/homeimprovement/20030202_redhot.html (1216 words)

	Apothecary Rose (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		aka Rosa gallica officinalis, this rose was described as red in old literature because there were no red roses, as we know the color today, in Europe.
		Comments: This rose was planted in the Herb Garden during the Fall of 2001.
		It is know as the Red Rose of Lancaster and was used to make rosary beads and medicinally (thus the name.) The fragrance holds well when the flowers are dried.
	www.angelfire.com /va3/southernrose/ApothecaryRose.html (104 words)

	BlurtIt: Why does Lancashire have a red roses associated with it?
		Red roses are associated with Lancashire because the customary emblem of the House of Lancaster is a red rose.
		The Red Rose of Lancaster is quiet similar to The White Rose of House of York.
		Lancaster is a historic city and has a lot to offer for cultural amusement.
	www.blurtit.com /q154787.html (236 words)

	War of Roses (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		In the late 1400's the House of York fought the House of Lancaster for the English crown.
		Because Lancaster's heraldic badge was a red rose and York's was a white rose, the long conflict came to be known as the Wars of the Roses (1455 - 85).
		The wars started when the nobles of York rose against Henry VI of Lancaster who was a feeble ruler.
	www.hyperhistory.com /online_n2/civil_n2/histscript6_n2/roses.html (131 words)

	In Love and War: The Saga of the Rose
		the Apothecary Rose) was the Red Rose of Lancaster in the Wars of the Roses.
		Despite this bloody stain on her reputation, the Apothecary Rose was widely respected as a healer.
		Otto of roses was supposedly discovered in the early 1600's in a canal filled with rosewater for a Persian princess's wedding feast.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/historical_plants/32587 (463 words)

	Tudor rose - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the middle ages a rose was suspended from the ceiling of a council chamber, pledging all present to secrecy, or sub Rosa, "under the Rose".
		His mother was Margaret Beaufort from the House of Lancaster, His father was Edmund Tudor from the House of Richmond; he married Elizabeth of York to bring all factions together.
		In heraldry, the rose is depicted as white on red if placed on a field of a metal (gold or silver), or red on white if placed on a field of a colour, due to the rule of tincture.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tudor_rose (415 words)

	Paul Kabrna: Craven and Pendle Geological Society
		Lancashire's Red Rose is an official variety, known as the Red Rose of Lancashire, but it is more accurately the Red Rose of Lancaster.
		The Red Rose at Lancaster has a tang and distinguished history which is intertwined with tt'rat at the House of Lancaster, the War of the Roses, the Monarchy, the County Palatine of Lancaster and the development of the County of Lancashire.
		The time for new "bare rooted" plantings of the Red Rose of Lancaster is between October and March.
	www.kabrna.com /cpgs/pk/pk.htm (629 words)

	White Rose of York - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The White Rose of York (Rosa alba) is the symbol of the House of York and latterly of Yorkshire.
		During the civil wars of the 15th century, the White Rose was the symbol of Yorkist partisans opposed to the rival House of Lancaster, whose symbol was the Red Rose of Lancaster.
		The conflict was ended by King Henry VII of England, who symbolically united the White and Red Roses to create the Tudor Rose, symbol of the Tudor dynasty.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/White_Rose_of_York (235 words)

	Red Rose Lodge # 16
		Lancaster County, PA. Red Rose Lodge #16 is a subordinate lodge of the Grand Lodge
		Red Rose Lodge #16 is currently involved in a mail fundraising solicitation
		WordTech Group is the official Vendor for Red Rose Lodge #16.
	www.redroselodge16fop.com (225 words)

	VisitPA :: Welcome to the Dutch Country Roads Region :: Lancaster
		The Red Rose City of Lancaster, in the heart of the Pennsylvania Dutch country, enjoys a long and rich history.
		In 1777, the city was briefly the capital of the American colonies and also served as Pennsylvania's capital from 1799 to 1812.
		Today, Lancaster is known as the home of the Amish, a religious group that eschews the hustle and bustle of modernity in favor of seclusion and simple living.
	www.visitpa.com /visitpa/cityDetails.pa?name=Lancaster&source=google (111 words)

	Red Rose of Lancaster - Hand Calved (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The identity worn by the Lancastrian forces under the leadership of Henry Tudor in the Wars of the Roses.
		To unite the warring forces Henry married Elizabeth of York and combined the symbols of Red and White roses into the Tudor Rose, still used in English Heraldry.
		The Red Rose continues to be the emblem of Lancashire.
	www.hidebound.co.uk /listings/redRose.htm (114 words)

	Vidicom Topics - The Rose (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		In collaboration with some of the world´s foremost rose authorities (such as the creator of the English Rose, David Austin), we tell the story of the first cultured flower of mankind.
		Powerful myths are accompanying the rose through the centuries: in ancient Rome, in Cleopatra´s Egypt, in medieval Christianity and in the Romantic Period.
		Shooting will take place in rose gardens all over Europe, as well as in other athmospheric locations like the magnificent town of York, one of the central theatres in the historic War of the Roses.
	www.vidicom-tv.com /noframes/nfrose.htm (267 words)

	Red Rose Transit Authority- Home
		Providing fixed-route, shared-ride, and special trolley services, RRTA provides public transportation for the Lancaster County community.
		Our mission is to provide effective public transportation services to the citizens of Lancaster City and County and to perform these services at the highest standards of safety, courtesy, reliability, and efficiency.
		Red Rose Transit bus routes travel by many of the colleges in Lancaster County.
	www.redrosetransit.com (107 words)

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