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Topic: Red Ruthenia

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	Wikipedia: Ruthenia
		Ruthenia or (ancient) Russia is a name that has been applied to parts of Eastern Europe which were the populated by Eastern Slavonic peoples, as well as to various states that existed in this territory in old times.
		After the feudal consolidation of Ruthenia into several duchies, most of them were subjugated by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, later in personal union with the Kingdom of Poland to form the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (The Commonwealth of the Two Nations).
		Ruthenia'\, Carpato-Ruthenia, Carpathian Ruthenia, or Carpatho-Ukraine' is the name of a region in Central Europe comprising the southern slopes of the Carpathian Mountains.
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/r/ru/ruthenia.html (1071 words)

	Ruthenia
		Ruthenia is a name that has been applied to parts of Eastern Europe which were the populated by Eastern Slavonic peoples, as well as to various states that existed in this territory in old times.
		Essentially the term Ruthenia, originally a translation of Rus' into the language of European learning, Latin, over the past millenium, was used to apply to the ethnos' or political state to which the small territory surrounding Kiev, (Kievan Rus') belonged.
		The Grand Duchy of Lithuania, taken as a whole, was basically a Ruthenian state, as it was populated mainly by Ruthenians, its nobles were of Ruthenian origins, and a variant of Old Slavonic close to Belarusian is the sole language of most surviving official documents of the state prior to 1697.
	www.guajara.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/r/ru/ruthenia.html (1532 words)

	Rafal Quirini-Poplawski
		Podwyzszenia Krzyza Swietgo w Neudorfie [Filial Church of the Elevation of the Holy Cross in Neudorf] in: Koscioly i klasztory rzymskokatolickie dawnego wojewodztwa ruskiego [Roman Catholic Churches and Monasteries of the Former Voivodeship of the Red Ruthenia], ed.
		Rocha i koscioł filialny w Boryni [Parish Church of Saint Rochus and Filial Church in Borynia] in: Koscioly i klasztory rzymskokatolickie dawnego wojewodztwa ruskiego [Roman Catholic Churches and Monasteries of the Former Voivodeship of the Red Ruthenia], ed.
		Trojcy Swietej w Nizankowicach [Parish Church of the Holy Trinity] in: Koscioly i klasztory rzymskokatolickie dawnego wojewodztwa ruskiego [Roman Catholic Churches and Monasteries of the Former voivodeship of the Red Ruthenia], ed.
	www.uj.edu.pl /IRO/SYLFF/Fellows/Rafal_Quirini_Poplawski.html (1350 words)

	Ruthenia - InfoSearchPoint.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Ruthenia or Rus is an old name applied to parts of the Eastern Europe which was the domain of Eastern Slavonic peoples, as well as to various states, duchies, etc. existed in this territory in old times.
		After the feudal fragmentation of Ruthenia into several duchies, most of them were subjugated by Grand Duchy of Lithuania, later in personal union with the Kingdom of Poland to form the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (The Commonwealth of the Two Nations).
		Ruthenia or Carpato-Ruthenia or Carpatho-Ukraine is the name of a region in Central Europe comprising the southern slopes of the Carpathian Mountains.
	www.infosearchpoint.com /display/Ruthenia (401 words)

	Red Ruthenia
		Red Ruthenia (Ruś Czerwona in Polish) is the name used since the medieval times to refer to the area known as Eastern Galicia prior to WWI.
		This area was mentioned first time in 981, when Vladimir of Kievan Rus took the area over on the way inside Poland.
		Since these times the name Ruś Czerwona is recorded, translated as "Red Ruthenia" ("Czerwień" means red color in Polish language), applied to a territory extended up to Dniester River, with priority gradually transferred to Przemysl.
	publicliterature.org /en/wikipedia/r/re/red_ruthenia.html (233 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Ruthenia is a geographic and culturo-ethnic name applied to the parts of Eastern Europe populated by Eastern Slavic peoples, as well as to the past various states that existed in these territories.
		After 1918, the name "Ruthenia" became narrowed to the area south of the Carpathian mountains in the Kingdom of Hungary, named Carpathian Ruthenia (It incorporated the cities of Mukacheve/Mukachovo/MunkÃ¡cs, Uzhhorod/UngvÃ¡r and Presov/Pryashiv(Pryashuv)/Eperjes) and populated by Carpatho-Rusyns), a group of East Slavic highlanders.
		The name "Ruthenia" became largely identical with Carpathian Ruthenia, that is mostly the westernmost region of present-day Ukraine.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Ruthenia (1285 words)

	Ruthenia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		By the end of the 12th century, the word Ruthenia was used, among the alternative spelling Ruscia and Russia, in Latin papal documents to denote the lands formerly dominated by Kiev.
		In the 1880s and 1900s, due to the spread of the name "Ukraine" as a substitute for "Ruthenia" among the Ruthenian/Ukrainian population of the Russian Empire, the name, "Ruthenian" was often restricted to mean western Ukraine, an area then part of the Austro-Hungarian state.
		In the early 20th century, the name "Ukraine" was widely accepted in Galicia/Halychyna and the name "Ruthenia" became narrowed to the area south of the Carpathian mountains in the Kingdom of Hungary.
	ruthenia.kiwiki.homeip.net (1047 words)

	Travel through south-eastern Poland
		The area which currently forms the south-easternmost part of Poland lay outside the boundaries of the nation that emerged at the end of the Dark Ages, though it was incorporated into the early Polish state established by Mieszko I and his son Boleslaw the Brave in the late tenth century.
		The whole of Red Ruthenia was conquered by King Kazimierz the Great in the latter half of the fourteenth century, and thereafter served as Poland's eastern bulwark until the Partition era, when all but a small northern section was taken over by the Austrians, forming the main component of a new province named Galicia.
		One of the great benefits in touring Red Ruthenia by car is in the freedom this affords to stop off and admire these wonderful buildings, whose sheer invention and artistry entitles them to be considered among the finest expressions of folk architecture to be found anywhere in Europe.
	www.lemko.org /lih/travel/beskid.html (9980 words)

	Kiervan Rus
		Since the 10th century, this area was known as Rus Czerwona (Red Rus, Ruthenia), also it was known as Carpato Rus whose main inhabitants were ethnic Rusins not Russians nor Ukrainians, it was ruled Ruled by the Kiervan Princedom.
		The Russian Ruthenians, who to the Tsarist Russia were simply a lost tribe of Greater Russia, were subjected to intensive Russification with their cultural distinctions suppressed until the 1905 revolution, when there was something of a thaw in the Russian attitude to ethnic autonomy.
		Ruthenia's progress to forming the Transcarpathian District(Oblast) of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic was complete on its liberation by Soviet troops, it only remained for Stalin to give the necessary orders and everything was complete.
	www.kresy.co.uk /kiervan_rus.html (588 words)

	Carpathian Ruthenia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		As the Magyars had migrated through Carpathian Ruthenia in the 9th century, many of the local inhabitants were assimilated Hungarians, and the local Ruthenian nobility often intermarried with the Hungarian nobles to the south.
		According to the 1880 census, the population of the present-day territory of Carpathian Ruthenia (Zakarpattia Oblast) was composed of:
		According to the 1989 census, the population of the present-day territory of Carpathian Ruthenia (Zakarpattia Oblast) was composed of:
	www.syzygytech.info /en/Carpathian_Ruthenia.htm (3045 words)

	Red Ruthenia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Some Ukrainian historians claim that this prefix designation (Red) is an artificial invention of Polish imperialism and does not have any historical context as for whole of western Ukraine, being meant at division of Rus (Ukraine) and polonization of this area (western Ukraine).
		This area was mentioned for the first time in 981, when Volodymyr the Great of Kievan Rus took the area over on the way into Poland.
		Austro-Hungarian provinces: Galicia • Bukovina • Carpathian Ruthenia
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Red_Ruthenia (522 words)

	Andrzej Rudzienski: Ukrainian Problem - Past and Present (July 1948)
		These countries formed one unit called Red Ruthenia, as the lands to the north were traditionally called White Russia and the intermediate part Black Ruthenia.
		Red Ruthenia fell under Poland’s influence; its princes intermarried with the dynasties of Poland, forming alliances with them against the Mongolian invasions.
		It was at that time that the terms “Ukraine” and “Ukrainians” were adopted to describe the new movement and underline the national unity of Red Ruthenia (Galicia and Volhynia) as well as of Podolia, Zaporog and the Ukraine proper.
	www.marxists.org /history/etol/newspape/ni/vol14/no05/rudzienski.htm (4568 words)

	Hrushevskyj about ukrainian nobility in Xv -XVI c.
		Therefore, is seems appropriate to distinguish Western strip containing Red Ruthenia, Podolia, lands of Chelm and Podlasie with the Brzesc-Lithuanian part of the basin of Bug river, and Pinsk area, the right-bank strip with remaining part of the Bug river basin and with the Dniepr basin, and at the end beyond-the Dniepr strip.
		Their national identity is alive with them and, sometimes, they show off as reprezentatives of "all Ruthenia", Ruthenia of unclear form, indistinctive, such as it was in the imagination of all Western frontier inhabitants, immense Ruthenia reaching with its boundlessness, yonder, to the Eastern horizon beyond haze.
		In the Western Red Ruthenia for example, it was a fight going for almost half of a century after Kopystynski's death (1610), for the church of Przemysl lordship, between Orthodox and Greek church members.
	mywebpages.comcast.net /mdemkowicz1/dobra/hrusz_eng.htm (3703 words)

	Red Ruthenia Information
		Red Ruthenia (Ukrainian: Червона Русь, Chervona Rus, Polish: Ruś Czerwona, Latin: Ruthenia Rubra or Russia Rubra) is the name used since the medieval times to refer to the area known as Eastern Galicia prior to World War I.
		This area was mentioned first time in 981, when Volodymyr the Great of Kievan Rus took the area over on the way inside Poland.
		Since these times the name Ruś Czerwona is recorded, translated as "Red Ruthenia" ("Czerwień" means red color in Slavic languages or from polish village Czermno), applied to a territory extended up to Dniester River, with priority gradually transferred to Przemyśl.
	www.bookrags.com /Red_Ruthenia (245 words)

	Ruthenia - Free net encyclopedia
		Ruthenia is a name applied to parts of Eastern Europe which were populated by Eastern Slavic peoples, as well as to various states that existed in this territory in the past.
		The territories of Halych-Volynia in the south fell under Roman Catholic Lithuanian and Polish influence, and therefore were usually denoted by the Latin Ruthenia, because the Pope preferred this spelling.
		RuЕ› Czerwona — Red Ruthenia, small strip in Poland (Przemysl), and the West part of Ukraine (Galicia).
	www.netipedia.com /index.php/Ruthenia (1112 words)

	Halicka Province(Ziemia Halicka)
		In old history this land was referred to as Red Rus or Red Ruthenia.
		Contrary to the current Ukrainian Nationalist propaganda this action did not entail a wholesale slaughter of the Ukrainian population.
		Red Army retakes Eastern Galicia incorporates it to the USSR's Soviet Ukraine.
	www.kresy.co.uk /galicja.html (1589 words)

	Eastern Poland
		Daniel, Prince of Halicz, looked for aid to the Hungarians and the Pope and succeeded in establishing an important realm in Red Ruthenia absed on the ducal seats of Halicz and Vladimir of Volhynia.
		His nephew and heir, Louis of Anjou, being King of both Poland and Hungary, annexed Red Ruthenia to Hungary, a thing which led to a conflict with the latter in the reign of his daughter Jadwiga.
		He declared himself hetman of all Ruthenia, then courted and finally did homage to the Sultan and threatened to overrun the possessions of the Tsar of Moscow as a vanguard of Islam.
	felsztyn.tripod.com /id17.html (14296 words)

	Wikinfo \| Ruthenia
		The origins of the name are attributed to the supposedly Varangian tribe of Rus'.
		"Ruthenia": the land of all East Slavic people
		Images, some of which are used under the doctrine of Fair use or used with permission, may not be available.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Ruthenia (1125 words)

	Belarus - Historical Flag (1918,1991-1995) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The origins of the traditional white - red - white Belarusian flag are lost in the mists of ancient history.
		But the traditional story is that when the united armies of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Litva and Rus defeated the Germans of the Teutonic Order at the great Battle of the Grunewald in 1410, a wounded Belarusian knight tore off his blood-streaked bandage and waved it aloft as a victory banner.
		The old Bielorussian colours have always been the white and red and in fact the flag of the first independent government of a "Byelorussian People's Republic" (in exile in Vilnius from 1919-1925) was a white flag with a red horizontal band of red, the central red stripe being bordered by a thin fl stripe.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/by_1991.html (573 words)

	History of Galicia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		In Ukrainian history this land was very often referred as Red Rus' (Chervona Rus) or Red Ruthenia.
		The Galician territory was started to be refferred as a Red Rus (or Red Ruthenia) then.
		Eastern Galicia regained by Red Army and agan incorporated in the USSR's Soviet Ukraine.
	www.torugg.org /History/history_of_galicia.html (2708 words)

	Rogatin (Rohatyn), Ukraine (Pages 10-67) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		In 1523 Otto of Chodecz, voivode of the province of Sandomierz and a starosta in Red Ruthenia,
		In reaction to this directive, a quarrel broke out between the customs inspectors of Red Ruthenia and those of the village of Rohatyn, because the people of Red Ruthenia did not wish to recognize the decree of the king and demanded the payment of duties.
		As a result of this decision, the nobility of Red Ruthenia cast doubt on the veracity of the Jewish apostates, while the Jews utilized these events in their war against the Sabbatians and the Frankists.
	www.jewishgen.org /yizkor/rogatin/roh010.html (9078 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		However, for more than a century, there was some evidence of periodic and rather superficial return to Polish authority in the Red Ruthenia territory, while there is none to support that the same authority extended to any part of Podolia.
		While in Poland, the ruling nobility was already in possession of vast territories and enjoyed a wide range of rights and privileges, the boyars in Ruthenia were more or less administrators of the princes' estates and obligated to provide for the defense of the country.
		With time, their position improved somewhat in proportion to that of the nobility and boyars, and at the end of the Romanowicz dynasty, they had become quite vocal and were often instrumental in the choice of new rulers.
	www.personal.psu.edu /users/w/x/wxk116/sjk/jazch4.html (5162 words)

	Red Ruthenia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		'''Red Ruthenia''' (Polish: Ruś Czerwona, Latin: Ruthenia Rubra or Russia Rubra) is the name used since the medieval times to refer to the area known as Eastern Galicia prior to World War I.
		This area was mentioned first time in 981, when Volodymyr the Great of Kyivan Rus took the area over on the way inside Poland.
		Since these times the name Ruś Czerwona is recorded, translated as "Red Ruthenia" ("Czerwień" means red color in Polish language), applied to a territory extended up to Dniester River, with priority gradually transferred to Przemyśl.
	red-ruthenia.kiwiki.homeip.net (427 words)

	The Dispatch - Serving the Lexington, NC - News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		In the 11th century, Kievan Rus' was, geographically, the largest state in Europe, becoming known in the rest of Europe as Ruthenia (the Latin name for Rus', especially for western principalities of Rus' after the Mongol invasion.
		In this time, most of the resistance against the Austro-Germans and the red army was made by the libertarian army of Nestor Makhno, who led a non-Communist social revolution in this period, the Makhnovshchina.
		The Ukrainian national idea lived on during the inter-war years and was even spread to a large territory with traditionally mixed population in the east and south that became part of the Ukrainian Soviet republic.
	www.the-dispatch.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=History_of_Ukraine (3833 words)

	Suchen im Web, Bilder, Videos, Blog, Lexikon und mehr. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Carpathian Ruthenia, aka Transcarpathian Ruthenia, Subcarpathian Rus, Subcarpathia (Ukrainian: Karpats-ka Rus-; Slovak and Czech: Podkarpatská Rus; Hungarian: Kárpátalja; Romanian: Transcarpatia) is a small region of Central Europe, now mostly in western Ukraine's Zakarpattia Oblast (Ukrainian: Zakarpats-ka oblast-) and easternmost Slovakia (largely in Pre“ov kraj and Ko“ice kraj).
		At this point Carpathian Ruthenia was wholely incorporated as a part of Kievan Rus- lands, although this union did not last long after the death of Volodimir.
		These "Cherven towns" or Red Ruthenia, were recovered by the Rus- forces of Halych-Volhynia in 1031.
	www.coder-world.de /cgi-bin/metaseek/lexikon.cgi?sprache=en&q=Carpathian_Ruthenia (3115 words)

	Chervona Rus’ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Red Rus’ was used in documents to designate the former
		Red Rus’ was officially designated as Galicia and Lodomeria.
		Rus’, used in certain Polish and Russophile circles, was an attempt to associate
	www.encyclopediaofukraine.com /pages/C/H/ChervonaRushDA.htm (96 words)

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