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Topic: Red dwarf star

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Dwarf star

Brown dwarf

Red giant

White dwarf

Red Dwarf

Stellar evolution

Cataclysmic variable star

Black dwarf

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Blue supergiant

Supernova

Proxima Centauri

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	Red dwarf - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		According to the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, a red dwarf star is a small and relatively cool star, of the main sequence, either late K or M spectral type.
		Red dwarfs never initiate helium fusion and so cannot become red giants; the stars slowly contract and heat up until all the hydrogen is consumed.
		Proxima Centauri, the nearest star to the Sun, is a red dwarf (Type M5, magnitude 11.0), as are twenty of the next thirty nearest.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Red_dwarf (576 words)

	Astronomy’s Case of the Missing Disks... 1/14/2005
		The stellar wind from the red dwarf star removes the dust in the debris disk by causing the dust to slowly spiral into the star.
		Red dwarfs (or M Dwarfs) are stars like our Sun in many respects but smaller, less massive and fainter.
		Stars like our Sun and red dwarfs possess a stellar wind — protons and other particles that are driven by the magnetic fields in the outer layers of a star to speeds in excess of a few hundred miles per second and expelled out into space.
	newsroom.ucla.edu /page.asp?RelNum=5816 (1055 words)

	40 (Omicron2) Eridani 3
		That Star A was not simply a single star was discovered in 1783 by Sir William Friedrich Wilhelm Herschel (1738-1822, portrait), who was born Friedrich Wilhelm Herschel and who subsequently discovered the planet Uranus in 1781 -- which led to his appointment in 1782 as private astronomer to the King of England.
		Star A's companion itself was discovered to be a binary pair BC in 1851 by Otto Wilhelm von Struve (1819-1905), who succeeded his father (Friedrich Georg Wilhelm) as director of Russia's Pulkova Observatory, made the first accurate determination of the constant of precession, and discovered some 500 binary stars.
		The star appears to be 46 percent to 102 percent as enriched as Sol with elements heavier than hydrogen ("metallicity"), based on its abundance of iron (Cayrel de Strobel et al, 1991, page 282).
	www.solstation.com /stars/40erida3.htm (1321 words)

	Red Dwarfs and Super-Earths :: Astrobiology Magazine ::
		Because nearby stars are the easiest places to look for other Earth-like planets, it is important to try to predict what types of planetary systems they might have, and that means trying to figure out how their planets can form.
		He had previously shown that red dwarf stars are likely to form gas giant protoplanets rapidly by the disk instability mechanism, whereby the gaseous disk forms spiral arms and self-gravitating protoplanets that would become Jupiters in the absence of any interference.
		Red dwarfs that form in the absence of massive stars will not suffer UV stripping and hence will form gas giant planets at these distances, instead of super-Earths.
	www.astrobio.net /news/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=1990 (1004 words)

	red dwarf
		A small, dim, main sequence star of spectral type M (see M star) or late K (see K star).
		The characteristic properties of red dwarfs stem ultimately from their low mass, which is approximately in the range 0.1 to 0.5 solar mass.
		Red dwarfs survive longer (see stars, lifetimes of) and are more numerous (see stars, numbers of) than any other kind of star, with the probable exception of brown dwarfs.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/R/reddwarf.html (307 words)

	Calvin College - Physics and Astronomy
		In general, a dwarf nova is a binary star system consisting of a small, normal star (a "red dwarf") orbiting rapidly around a collapsed, electron-degenerate star (a "white dwarf").
		Its shape deviates from circular (being shorter along the axis connecting the two stars than on the perpendicular axis) because of the tidal influence of the red dwarf star on it.
		Processing: The shape of the red dwarf was computed using the assumption of Roche geometry: the red dwarf fills its Roche lobe, the shape of which is determined by two point masses in a corotating frame.
	www.calvin.edu /academic/phys/observatory/images/ugem/ugem-model.html (360 words)

	Nemesis (star) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nemesis is a hypothetical red dwarf star or brown dwarf, orbiting the Sun at a distance of about 50,000 to 100,000 AU, somewhat beyond the Oort cloud.
		Richard A. Muller suggests that the most likely object is a red dwarf with magnitude between 7 and 12 [1], while Whitmire and Jackson argue for a brown dwarf.
		Nemesis' existence was proposed by Whitmire and Jackson in Nature in 1984, 308, 713-715, and also by Davis, Hut and Muller in 1984 (Nature 308 : 715-717) to explain an apparent 26-million year cycle in the occurrence of mass extinctions on Earth as noted by Raup and Sepkoski.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nemesis_(star) (492 words)

	SPACE.com -- Astronomers Image Red Dwarf Star, One Type of Dark Matter
		Since then, red dwarf has moved slightly in the sky and so is clearly separated in the new image.
		Prior to being photographed, the red dwarf star's presence was known for six years, owing to a phenomenon called microlensing.
		The faint red star is about 600 light-years away and has a mass no more than 10 percent that of the Sun, according to the new study.
	www.space.com /scienceastronomy/astronomy/dark_matter_011205.html (961 words)

	Science & Technology at Scientific American.com: Red Star Rising -- [ ASTRONOMY ] -- Small, cool stars may be hot ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Red dwarfs, also known as M dwarfs, have less than half the mass of the sun and are hundreds of times dimmer.
		M dwarfs are by far the most abundant stars in the Milky Way galaxy, outnumbering sunlike G stars more than 10 to one, so the possibility that they could harbor habitable worlds has excited researchers involved in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI).
		Besides their abundance, M dwarfs have another advantage over G stars as possible sites for intelligent life: because they shine longer before exhausting their hydrogen fuel and do not brighten with age, they provide a more stable long-term environment for life-bearing planets.
	www.sciam.com /article.cfm?chanID=sa004&articleID=000CC344-B043-1353-AF3383414B7FFE9F&ref=nature (661 words)

	red dwarf concept from the Astronomy knowledge base (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Many red dwarfs are flare stars., A member of a class of dwarf stars (usually dM3e-dM6e) that show sudden, intense outbursts of energy.
		It is generally believed that flares in flare stars have certain properties in common: rapid rise to peak light followed initially by a rapid decline and later by a slower phase that occasionally does not return to a preflare level within practical monitoring times (several hours).
		During the quiescent phase the spectrum is that of an M dwarf with emissions in the CaII and Balmer lines.
	www.site.uottawa.ca:4321 /astronomy/reddwarf.html (443 words)

	Wormwood (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Red giants usually don't stay long enough in the main sequence for life to develop, and though I have reasons to doubt Nasa newest stories, some of the facts surely did.
		RED Star dwarf is explained to Amateur observers, simplyas, to prove this phenomena from Hubble telescope and the Very big Telescope in Europe.
		However this red star period or visual intensity was known to vary between 5.07 to 5.0, while a certain blue star was always seen right by it, and it has a weaker brightness of 5.27.
	www.cyberspaceorbit.com /wormy.htm (4220 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Science/Nature \| Fifth closest star discovered
		It is a faint red star, a so-called red dwarf, and is only 7.5 light years away.
		Nearby stars betray their presence through having a large 'proper motion' - that is their natural motion through space, although no greater than most stars, is more pronounced because of their closeness.
		It is a small dim red dwarf star, nothing unusual in cosmic terms, one of the common folk of the galaxy.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/sci/tech/2776229.stm (288 words)

	Teegarden's Star / SO025300.5+165258 / SO25300.5+165258
		Designated SO025300.5+165258, the star has a very large proper motion of 5.06 +/- 0.03 arcseconds per year (Teegarden et al, 2003), which was detected in SkyMorph's database of NEAT observations that astronomers have found to be useful for finding stars with high proper motions (Pravdo et al, 1999).
		Teegarden's Star is located in the southwest corner (2:55:10.6+16:17:1, J2000; or 2:53:0.5+16:52:58, ICRS) of Constellation Aries, the Ram.
		The star's relative distance to Sol has been revised as initial estimates of magnitude and distance indicated that the star had an unreasonably small diameter of 68 percent of Jupiter.
	www.solstation.com /stars/so025300.htm (694 words)

	Universe Today - Closest Youngest Star Found
		Astronomers at the University of California, Berkeley, have discovered the nearest and youngest star with a visible disk of dust that may be a nursery for planets.
		The dim red dwarf star is a mere 33 light years away, close enough that the Hubble Space Telescope or ground-based telescopes with adaptive optics to sharpen the image should be able to see whether the dust disk contains clumps of matter that might turn into planets.
		The young M-type star, AU Microscopium (AU Mic), is about half the mass of the sun but only about 12 million years old, compared to the 4.6 billion year age of the sun.
	www.universetoday.com /am/publish/closest_youngest_star.html?2722004 (1000 words)

	Star Journey: Star Chart @ nationalgeographic.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The brown dwarf is about 20-50 times the mass of Jupiter, but is so dense it is about the same diameter as Jupiter (80,000 miles).
		Brown dwarfs are a mysterious class of long-sought objects that form the same way stars do, by condensing out of a cloud of hydrogen gas.
		Even though a cornograph on the detector masked most of the light from the star, which is off the left edge of the image, it is so bright relative to the brown dwarf the glare floods the detector.
	www.nationalgeographic.com /stars/chart/hhi42.html (337 words)

	Newly discovered star may be third closest to us (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The star, "SO25300.5+165258," is a faint red dwarf star estimated to be about 7.8 light-years from Earth in the direction of the constellation Aries.
		The new star is estimated to be about 7.8 light-years from Earth in the direction of the constellation Aries, but the estimate is uncertain.
		The star's feeble glow is the reason why it has not been seen until now, despite being relatively close.
	www.ufoindia.org /news_newclosestar.htm (381 words)

	star system populations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Since red dwarfs are on the average about 220,000 miles in diameter we could build Dyson shells of a much smaller size with lower masses of materials.
		Most stars in the galaxy are red dwarfs, so we must develop strategies for inhabiting their systems or forget about them and go on to G-type stars like our Sun, K type and F type stars.
		Also, the life zone around a red dwarf may be narrow but because there are so many red dwarfs in the galaxy the chances of planets being in the life zone are as high as the chances of planets being in the wider life zones of less common stars like our Sun.
	www.moonminer.com /stellar_populations.html (3077 words)

	JPL.NASA.GOV: News Releases
		This allowed the team to determine what kind of star it is. The analysis indicates it's similar to a red dwarf star (spectral type M6.5) that's shining by fusing hydrogen atoms in its core, like our Sun (called a main sequence star).
		Although the star resembles a M6.5 red dwarf, it actually appears three times dimmer than expected for this kind of star at the initial distance estimate of 7.8 light-years.
		The star could therefore really be farther than the rough trigonometric distance indicates; or, if the initial estimate holds, it could have unusual properties that make it shine less brightly than typical M6.5 red dwarfs.
	www.jpl.nasa.gov /news/news.cfm?release=2003-072 (826 words)

	02.26.2004 - Astronomers find nearest and youngest star with a dusty debris disk. But are there planets?
		BERKELEY – Astronomers at the University of California, Berkeley, have discovered the nearest and youngest star with a visible disk of dust that may be a nursery for planets.
		Because 85 percent of all stars are M-type red dwarfs, the star provides clues to how the majority of planetary systems form and evolve.
		Though the two stars are in opposite regions of the sky, they appear to have been formed at the same time and to be traveling together through the galaxy, Kalas said.
	www.berkeley.edu /news/media/releases/2004/02/26_dust.shtml (970 words)

	flare star concept from the Astronomy knowledge base (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The cause is thought to be a sudden and intense outburst of radiation on or above the star's surface.
		All known flare stars are intrinsically faint and have emission lines of H I and Ca II.
		Like other flare stars, it is a member of a binary system in which both components are of nearly equal brightness.
	www.site.uottawa.ca:4321 /astronomy/flarestar.html (543 words)

	HubbleSite - Disk of Debris Around Red Dwarf Star AU Microscopii - Image - 12/9/2004
		It is also the first disk imaged around an M-type red dwarf, the most common type of star in the stellar neighborhood around the Sun.
		The ACS images confirm that the disk is warped and has small variations in dust density that, along with the central clearing, may be caused by the tugging of an unseen companion, perhaps a large planet.
		The surplus of small grains may be due to the fact that the star is not bright enough to blow away these tiny particles.
	hubblesite.org /newscenter/newsdesk/archive/releases/2004/33/image/b (573 words)

	Print the story
		The report was presented by UCLA graduate student and Ph.D. candidate Peter Plavchan; his adviser, Michael Jura; and Sarah Lipscy, now at Ball Aerospace, to the American Astronomical Society meeting in San Diego.
		Image: Illustration of a debris disk surrounding a young red dwarf star.
		While further observations of red dwarfs by the Spitzer Infrared Telescope Facility have supported this research, this case will not be closed until we can directly measure the strength of stellar winds around young red dwarfs.
	www.physorg.com /printnews.php?newsid=2708 (972 words)

	Chilly ‘super-Earth’ detected at distant star - Space.com - MSNBC.com
		The discovery of a "super-Earth" orbiting a red dwarf star 9,000 light-years away suggests that such worlds are three times more common than Jupiter-sized planets.
		A previous study suggests that about two-thirds of all star systems in the galaxy are red dwarf stars, so solar systems filled with super-Earths might be three times more common than those with giant Jupiters.
		If the foreground star is orbited by a planet, the planet's gravity can periodically warp the brightness of the background star by tiny amounts.
	www.msnbc.msn.com /id/6448213/did/11812276 (770 words)

	All Star Line Up
		Proxima means "closest" because it is currently the closest star to the sun.
		The nearest member of a triple star system which is the closest system to the sun.
		Red dwarf star on the main sequence with surface temperature as low as 3300 K. How Far Away:
	www.windows.ucar.edu /tour/link=/the_universe/Proxima.html (177 words)

	USATODAY.com - Newfound ice world alters views of planetary systems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		It orbits 250 million miles away from a red dwarf star, which is about half the size of our sun and much cooler.
		But being so far away from a red dwarf means that its surface temperature is an inhospitable -330 degrees Fahrenheit (-201 Celsius), about the same as Uranus.
		Brown dwarfs are dim, failed stars that straddle the mass range between gas planets and real stars.
	www.usatoday.com /tech/science/space/2006-03-13-super-earths_x.htm?POE=TECISVA (702 words)

	Wired News: Astronomers 'See' Dark Matter
		The observations show a blue star in the Large Magellanic Cloud brightening as a cooler, red dwarf star passes in front of it.
		When it passes between Earth and a distant star, the red dwarf's massive gravitational pull causes it to act on light like a lens, bending and focusing light to make it appear brighter.
		The observation was confirmed by data from the Very Large Telescope that showed the deep absorption lines of a dwarf M star superimposed on the spectrum of the blue main sequence star in the Large Magellanic Cloud.
	www.wired.com /news/technology/0,1282,48861,00.html (926 words)

	Rocky Road: Planet hunting gets closer to Earth: Science News Online, Sept. 4, 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Too faint to be imaged, the planets revealed themselves by causing tiny wobbles in their parent stars.
		A team led by Butler and Geoffrey W. Marcy of the University of California, Berkeley monitored the red dwarf star Gliese 436 at the Keck Observatory atop Hawaii's Mauna Kea.
		Red dwarfs are the most common type of star in the Milky Way.
	www.sciencenews.org /articles/20040904/fob1.asp (769 words)

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