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Topic: Redistributive justice

In the News (Sat 28 Nov 09)

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	Chronicles of Love & Resentment CCXLIX
		While similarities may be found between the concepts of justice in Rawls and Nozick and the two conceptions of justice to which I refer, the notion of justice itself plays a very different role in GA than in either of their systems.
		The victimary-redistributive notion of justice does not sweep all before it; yet it is responsible for the most significant changes in human interaction, both domestic and international, in the postwar era.
		The negotiational conception of justice is problematic in asymmetric situations because only one of the parties accepts the status quo as a point of departure for negotiation.
	www.anthropoetics.ucla.edu /views/vw249.htm (1397 words)

	Social justice - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274) says, "Justice is a certain rectitude of mind whereby a man does what he ought to do in the circumstances confronting him." As a theologian, Aquinas believed that justice is a form of natural duty owed by one person to another and not enforced by any human-made law.
		Similarly, Social Justice is fundamental to Catholic social teaching, and is one of the Four Pillars of the Green Party upheld by the worldwide green parties.
		The church's active role in social justice should be to inform the debate, using reason and natural law, and also by providing moral and spiritual formation for those involved in politics.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Social_justice (2953 words)

	Distributive justice - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Distributive justice concerns what is just or right with respect to the allocation of goods (or utility) in a society.
		Distributive justice looks at the distribution of goods among members of society at a specific time, and on that basis decides whether the distribution is just.
		For example, someone who looks at standard of living, absolute wealth, differences in wealth, or any such utilitarian standard to judge justice is thinking in terms of distributive justice.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Redistributive_justice (192 words)

	[No title]
		However, the claim that the talented should as a matter of justice choose to work harder for less implies that they are responsible for their choice not to work harder for less, and hence that they would also be responsible for a choice to work harder for less.
		Redistributing goods for which people are responsible is not relevant to the distribution of goods for which people are not responsible.
		Justice is concerned with a list of objective goods, including health and education, and including also autonomy, which presupposes responsibility (although responsibility is not sufficient for autonomy).
	www.warwick.ac.uk /staff/S.L.Hurley/papers/choice_and_incentive_inequality.doc (8824 words)

	An Islamic Alternative_ Equality, Redistributive Justice, and the Welfare State in the Caliphate of ‘Umar (rta) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		If there is anything that captures the essence of Islamic justice it is the idea that the leader of one of the greatest empires of the time would sleep under a tree in the desert like any other man.
		Justice and equality were ideals that ‘Umar (rta) and his government upheld in every facet of life.
		The goal of Islamic economics is to establish social and economic justice.
	www.renaissance.com.pk /Augvipo2y3.html (2847 words)

	Indian Journal of Medical Ethics
		Justice is conceptualised as 'social justice' or redistributive justice and presumes a fair relationship among social groups.
		Thus, the two reinterpreted principles - the notion of a 'relational' autonomy and a redistributive justice - and the feminist perspective of 'personhood' together justify women's rights to abortion from the ethics point of view.
		Once again, a thoughtful application of the feminist ethics framework, using both the principles of redistributive justice and a systemic analysis of the long-term consequences of sex-selection practices, helps address the difficult ethical issues involved in sex-selective practices.
	www.issuesinmedicalethics.org /131di018.html (2706 words)

	Africa Policy Journal
		The courts are charged with the dual challenge of retributive justice — the punishment of the perpetrators of horrendous crimes — and restorative justice — the restoration of durable peace, cooperation, and order to a nation that wishes to acknowledge its past while struggling to move forward in a positive direction.
		This type of justice would be judged based on its ability to reveal the truth about crimes that occurred during the genocide and its ability to restore order and cooperation to Rwandan society, not on the quantity of accused put in prison.
		Justice and social reconstruction in the aftermath of genocide in Rwanda: An evaluation of the possible role of the Gacaca tribunals.
	www.ksg.harvard.edu /kssgorg/apj/issues/spring_2007_issue/Article.hornberger.htm (7005 words)

	The Hindu Business Line : Introducing justice in taxation
		The maintenance of law and order, Defence, justice, the provision of universally required basic amenities that cannot be supplied through private agencies operating on a profit motive, and the management of currency and money are all functions which a Government has to perform.
		Justice now encompasses social and economic justice, which, in their turn, imply much more than a framework for the regulation of contracts among the members of the community.
		A measure of redistributive justice has to be inducted into the tax laws and if we do not do this, and also if we do not take care of the need for some exemption, as mentioned earlier, we would be sacrificing justice in favour of simplification, to say the least.
	www.thehindubusinessline.com /2002/11/16/stories/2002111600060800.htm (1554 words)

	Subjectivity, Redistribution and Recognition by Andy Blunden
		We know that redistributive justice is real, because it is objectified in systems of progressive taxation and welfare payments, with which it is co-extensive, that is, on the whole confined to within national borders.
		I contend that ideas of redistributive justice come from the ‘dirty compromise’ made by the elite with, in the first place, the socialist movements of the nineteenth century, demanding the right to organise, and access to the corridors of power, and later with the organised working class in the aftermath of the Second World War.
		Nancy Fraser has expanded the concept of ‘redistribution’ to include all those conceptions of injustice as rooted in political economy; wealth distribution and revolutionary socialism are seen then as simply affirmative or transformative remedies for the same injustice of maldistribution rooted in the political economy.
	home.mira.net /~andy/works/icg-talk.htm (4689 words)

	BASIC NEEDS AND RE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		I begin by stating that while Zakat is an institutionalized vehicle for achieving redistribution of income (as are inheritance laws and the guidelines for sharing booty and spoils etc), the subject matter of this paper transcends it.
		In other words, a meaningful discussion of distributive or redistributive justice in Islam particularly when applied to a post - colonial, capitalistic economy (and I use the term deliberately) like Nigeria's, must locate the concept squarely within the framework of a generic political sociology.
		Redistribution of the resources of this nation and provision of basic needs to the poor is not charity to be left to the piety of individual public officers.
	www.nigerdeltacongress.com /barticles/basic_needs_and_re.htm (4133 words)

	CFP: Social Inequality, Redistributive Justice and the City (ISA RC21) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Conference on Social Inequality, Redistributive Justice and the City
		The aim of the conference is to retake the theme of social inequality and redistributive justice in cities more than twenty-five years after Raymond Pahl's Who's City (1970) and of David Harvey's Social Justice and the City (1973).
		Since the theoretical debates of the 1970s and early 1980s sociological urban research has taken several roads in the analysis of urban inequality.
	www.ualberta.ca /~cjscopy/events/rc212001.html (179 words)

	Liberty Fund, Inc. - Check-In
		He breaks new ground with Justice and Its Surroundings – a new collection of trenchant essays that seek to redefine the concept of justice and to highlight the frontier between it and the surrounding issues that encroach upon it and are mistakenly associated with it.
		The central essays, which concern themselves with justice [“fairness”], are surrounded by essays in which Jasay investigates the surroundings of justice: topics which intrude into discussions of justice and which are often confused with genuine problems of justice.
		With a rhetoric based on one of these holistic interpretations of justice, the redistributive governmental activity and the increasing share of taxes are represented as means by which injustices could be eliminated.
	www.libertyfund.org /details.asp?displayID=1820 (1183 words)

	Editorial (August 2004) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Orend’s other concerns with cosmopolitan government target Moellendorf’s claim that a movement for global justice must be driven by popular pressure; his ambivalence about the status and role of states in securing cosmopolitan justice; and his assumption that global stability is impossible without economic equality.
		The former are largely redistributive in nature, the latter take the form of duties of intervention based, not (primarily) on requirements of distributive justice, nor responsibility for harms or wrongs inflicted, but on responsibility for addressing injustices committed by others.
		He reminds us that in Cosmopolitan Justice he argued that a state might indeed justifiably claim that an act of intervention has violated its sovereignty ‘if and only if its basic structure is just and the international effects of its domestic policy are not unjust’.
	www.theoria.unp.ac.za /ed0804.htm (3105 words)

	Economics and Economic Justice
		Distributive justice is often considered not to belong to the scope of economics, but there is actually an important literature in economics that addresses normative issues in social and economic justice.
		One obtains a theory of "justice as mutual advantage" (Barry 1989, 1995) which is not satisfactory at the bar of any minimal conception of impartiality or equality.
		However, he considers that this concept of exploitation is ethically not very appealing, since it roughly amounts to requiring individual consumption to be proportional to labor, and he suggests a different definition of exploitation, in terms of undue advantage due to unequal distribution of some assets.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/economic-justice (11443 words)

	Canadian Conservative Forum - Requested Essay
		The second misunderstanding is a misunderstanding of justice, which itself must be premised on a clear understanding of the concepts of property and equality.
		Their "social justice" is too often just a rant against the rich, a mean and petty appeal to base envy.
		Sitting astride the awesome machinery of the state their "redistributive justice" is revealed to be nothing more than the triumph of might over right.
	www.conservativeforum.org /EssaysForm.asp?ID=6190 (1317 words)

	Transcend articles
		Ascertaining the parameters and processes of justice and reconciliation, including their type and degree, are among the key challenges that will inform the usefulness of this hybrid model in different contexts.
		Opponents emphasize that for justice to be a meaningful measure for those it serves, it must contain presuppositions of social life derived from the social context (Young 1990).
		Redistributive justice, particularly following war or colonialism, should be considered material reparation, necessary for sustainable development (LTC 1994; Moyo 1995; World Bank 1999) and arguably for sustainable peace.
	www.transcend.org /t_database/articles.php?ida=167 (9440 words)

	TULSA REPARATIONS: THE SURVIVORS' STORY
		Eighty years later, the commission created by the state to determine the causes of the Riot and to assess culpability agreed that “[r]eparations are the right thing to do.”23 Yet, as of today, neither the state of Oklahoma nor the city of Tulsa has paid one cent to any of the victims or their descendants.
		In addition to wealth redistribution, the major goal of reparations litigation, one that is generally underemphasized, is knowledge redistribution.
		Knowledge redistribution engenders the empathy that may foster interest convergence; it also publicizes the voices of the alienated African Americans willing to endorse the likes of such outsiders as Al Sharpton in his run for President of the United States.
	www.bc.edu /schools/law/lawreviews/meta-elements/journals/bctwj/24_1/03_TXT.htm (4802 words)

	Whose Justice? [Free Republic]
		Arguably, B’s conception of justice is not the model of “equality” or equity that it claims to be; it’s the model of social domination by the political class.
		Such was the case for Nietsche when he suggested that the traditional Judeo-Christian notion of justice be replaced with the notion of the "Superman", who determines his own concept of justice and imposes it on the weaker masses.
		Justice means no one gets a "special deal," no one gets special privileges: We are all equal when we stand in the light of Justice.
	www.freerepublic.com /forum/a3a9eb2c24b0b.htm (10995 words)

	americas.org - Latin American Time (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		If the continent emerged from the fl night of military dictatorship with nations fragmented, though hopeful that liberal democracy would bring with it social justice, neo-liberalism deepened the segmentation and made evident that it was not with the old political classes that this social justice would be obtained.
		The political disqualification sought by the judiciary meant, for many of his followers, the thwarting of their expectations for redistributive justice, thus adding future exclusion to their present exclusion from social justice.
		With political legitimacy diminished by the reign of the market, the redistributive and social support functions of the state effectively abdicated, and the figure of the nation-state eroded by the rationale of globalization, the national identity of the popular sectors dissociated itself from the state and the political class.
	www.americas.org /item_19647 (892 words)

	Justice and Its Surroundings: The Independent Review: The Independent Institute
		Justice and Its Surroundings (the “surroundings” are concepts closely associated with justice and sometimes confused with it, such as equality or the state) is an unusually rich, provocative, and wide-ranging work, to which a short review cannot do, well, justice.
		To the argument that redistribution is necessary to compel the beneficiaries of positive externalities to pay for the benefits they receive, de Jasay replies that those who create positive externalities presumably find it worth their while to do so, despite knowing that they cannot expect to be compensated by the third-party beneficiaries of those externalities.
		With regard to the diagnosis, he argues that the process of redistribution is unlikely to be cyclical in this manner: under the assumptions of rational choice, it will always pay more for the poor and middle class to gang up against the rich than vice versa.
	www.independent.org /tii/content/pubs/review/books/tir81_jasay.html (1445 words)

	Centerpiece: Newsletter of the Weatherhead Center for International Affairs at Harvard University
		There was also agreement that both restorative and retributive forms of justice are optimal, particularly in terms of ending impunity and providing victims with a sense that justice has been served.
		There was agreement that states do not have a monopoly on transitional justice and that local-level processes of administering both retributive and restorative justice are central in staying the hand of vengeance and facilitating the rehabilitation of perpetrators.
		One of the least-studied aspects of transitional justice is what happens after truth commissions publish their reports and close their doors.
	www.wcfia.harvard.edu /misc/publications/centerpieceWinterSpring2005/feature_3.html (1199 words)

	Andrew Mason, "The state, national identity and distributive justice"
		Recently, however, it has been argued that socialists and left-liberals alike have a fundamental reason for regarding national identity favourably: their defence of redistributive policies commits them to maintaining that it is valuable for the citizens of a state to share one.
		This is a conceptual argument that the redistribution that implementation of Rawls’s difference principle requires itself entails seeing people’s talents and resources as collective assets, which is defensible only if we view individuals as partially constituted by the community to which they belong (which is then viewed as the owner of these assets).
		In Miller’s view, multi-cultural education pays no regard to the way in which each person’s life is embedded in a particular network of social relationships which have evolved historically, and thereby fails to provide the maps that people require to make sense of their social environment.
	spruce.flint.umich.edu /~simoncu/385/Mason.htm (927 words)

	Transitional Justice Forum
		In the case of Uganda, the ICC indictments issued against the five top commanders of the Lords Resistance Army are always cited as evidence that the "peace with justice" position is tenable, based upon the claim that the threat of these indictments brought the LRA to the negotiating table.
		In a 2004 report on "The Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post-conflict Societies,” the Secretary General of the United Nations referred to justice as "an ideal of accountability and fairness in the protection and vindication of rights and the prevention and punishment of wrongs.
		Justice implies regard for the rights of the accused, for the interests of victims and for the well-being of society at large.
	tj-forum.org (3989 words)

	Laura Enriquez (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Professor Laura Enriquez proved an excellent facilitator, beginning the session with an account of her own road to her current research on social change and agrarian reform in developing countries in Latin America, specifically Nicaragua and Cuba.
		Her work is guided by interests in economic justice and redistributive issues under pressures and processes of globalization that she reminded us are not new to the Americas.
		We were fortunate that those present at the seminar brought to the table experience and expertise in field research in several countries on several continents.
	www.asu.edu /clas/justice/events/past/03_04/globalization/laura_enriquez.htm (344 words)

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