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Topic: Reducing environment

In the News (Mon 20 May 13)

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	Reducing environment - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.tamu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		A reducing environment is one chacterized by little or no free oxygen (dissolved or as a gas).
		In chemistry, reduction is the reverse of oxidation.
		A reducing atmosphere (or reduction atmosphere) is a condition created in a kiln in order to produce specific effects on the ceramic wares being fired.
	en.wikipedia.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wiki/Reducing_environment (329 words)

	Kraft Foods Inc. - Environment: Reducing Impact from Packaging
		This move has reduced the use of flexible film by 28 percent, folding carton by 20 percent and the carton case by 12 percent.
		The benefits are to reduce material usage by about 50 metric tons and the number of pallets for shipment by almost 3,000.
		We reduced the use of carton board by 66 percent which is about 950 metric tons.
	www.kraft.com /responsibility/environment_reducingimpact.aspx (518 words)

	EUROPA - Environment - Reducing vehicle numbers, vehicle kilometres and tonne kilometres (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		It can reduce the physical amount of packaging that must be handled, reduce the cost of purchasing packaging materials and increase the utilisation of vehicles in transporting the actual goods rather than large amounts of packaging.
		This reduced the requirement for trucks in a year by 2 000 (8 000 lorries are now rented annually instead of 10 000 before the introduction of the eco-logistics software) for the same amount of products delivered and reduced distances travelled by 960 000 km and fuel used by 300 000 litres.
		This has reduced the number of vans travelling in and out of London from 18 to 2 per day and speeded up customer services and delivery times which is good for business.
	ec.europa.eu /environment/trans/freight/05_01_en.htm (1599 words)

	Transition to Clean Fuels: Environment and Health Benefits
		Eliminating lead and sharply reducing sulfur con-tent, in particular, is a proven, direct, and inexpensive way to simultaneously protect public health (especially that of vulnerable populations such as children), decrease mortality and morbidity from air pollution, mitigate climate change, preserve natural ecosystems, and save money.
		The cornerstone of an effective clean fuels strategy is an integrated ap-proach that simultaneously protects human health and the environment by reducing emissions of conventional pollutants and greenhouse gases.
		Similarly, with reduced sulfur levels in gasoline (petrol), pollution control systems can be installed that allow the use of gasoline-direct injection engines, which increase fuel economy by as much as 25 percent, thus lowering CO2 emissions proportionately.
	www.globalleadnet.org /policy_leg/policy/csd9.cfm (663 words)

	Environment key to poverty reduction in Tanzania
		The government has set up an environment working group with broad membership, the aim being to promote integration of environmental factors into development policies, with plans to achieve sustainable use of the environment and natural resources for poverty reduction.
		The programme on poverty and the environment and the focus on crossthe- board issues is directly responsible for the inclusion of the environment in the NSGRP.
		Similar interventions are expected to contribute to the second goal of reducing infant, child and maternal mortality, morbidity and malnutrition.
	www.environmenttimes.net /article.cfm?pageID=209 (1047 words)

	Great lakes illinois Solutions
		Reducing or minimizing human pressures on the environment often results in long-term economic benefits that outweigh the initial cost.
		Moreover, reducing or minimizing pressures from land use, pollution, and other disturbances on the environment takes away some of the stresses that make ecosystems more vulnerable to climate change.
		Thus, while we and the environment benefit immediately from reducing these pressures, protective measures are indispensible in helping ecosystems and people become more resilient in the face of climate change.
	www.ucsusa.org /greatlakes/glregionill_sol.html (616 words)

	Reducing, Reusing, Recycling
		My intent is to reduce my ecological footprint by paying attention to the environmental cost of everything I use: water, earth, air and energy.
		For example, reducing means going to the store and not using a new bag for a handful of items, or not buying food that is over-packaged.
		Still, recycling is a distant third to reducing and reusing in terms of impact.
	www.dtmms.org /readingroom/aligning-earth/reusing-recycling.htm (952 words)

	Case Study 2: On-Site Etchant Regeneration \| Design for the Environment (DfE) \| US EPA
		In business today, being responsive to the environment means learning new procedures and using new tools to do the same job with less environmental impact.
		Water consumption is greatly reduced (users estimate a 50 to 80% reduction in etching rinse water) and the copper concentration in the discharged rinse water is less than 5 ppm.
		Most of the copper content in the rinse water is recovered with a portion of the water being reused as rinse water in the etching machine.
	www.epa.gov /dfe/pubs/pwb/case_stu/case2 (2351 words)

	IBM WebSphere Developer Technical Journal: The Ideal WebSphere Development Environment
		The development integration run time environment is used by developers to test their application on hardware and software that resembles the target production environment.
		This environment is controlled by the development team; it is used informally by developers and updated as often as necessary by developers while performing their tests.
		Periodically, this environment is refreshed using a formal build, deploy, and test procedure thereby removing any inconsistency and testing the full build and install procedures.
	www-106.ibm.com /developerworks/websphere/techjournal/0312_beaton/beaton.html (4732 words)

	Reducing Alcohol-related Illness and Injury in Milwaukee County
		Its goal is to develop a comprehensive set of strategies which focus on reducing alcohol-related injuries and illnesses in Milwaukee County.
		Reducing the allowable blood alcohol level for driving from.10 to.08, with zero tolerance for underage drivers.
		Yet, the Academy contends, even with those barriers in place, a comprehensive, public health approach to reduce alcohol-related illness, injury and death among the citizens of Milwaukee County is feasible.
	aids.healthlink.mcw.edu /article/907562595.html (605 words)

	Reducing Mower Emissions - Briggs & Stratton
		Briggs and Stratton started reducing air pollution from its plants in the early 1960s by installing one of the first wet dust collectors in the country.
		Today, we're proud to have a leadership role in the reformulation of molding sand to reduce the emission of hazardous air pollutants from iron pouring operations.
		This paint is not only better for the environment, but makes it possible to paint more engines per gallon and produces a more durable coating.
	www.briggsandstratton.com /display/router.asp?docid=65792 (883 words)

	Science and the Environment Bulletin: Reducing Marine Vessel Emissions
		Environment Canada's Environmental Technology Centre has been working with Transport Canada for over a decade to determine the emissions from marine vessels in Canada and to investigate potential emission-control technologies for diesel engines that are currently in use.
		Environment Canada has a patent pending on a new method of blending water and fuel mechanically, just before they enter the combustion chamber.
		Through their efforts to test and develop technologies that reduce the harmful emissions created by in-use marine engines, researchers will help to improve air quality in busy port cities on both coasts of Canada and around the world.
	www.ec.gc.ca /science/sandejuly02/article4_e.html (738 words)

	Science and the Environment Bulletin: Reducing Risks to Water Quality
		The contamination of groundwater by herbicides is a threat to the prairie environment.
		Researchers monitored differences in the natural leaching rate of the chemicals, and tested the effect of a single tillage pass in reducing their movement through soil pathways into the groundwater.
		The tillage reduced the flow of water to tile-drain depth only slightly, but it substantially reduced the amount of herbicides transported, especially in the case of more soluble, readily leached herbicides.
	www.ec.gc.ca /science/sandemay01/article3_e.html (585 words)

	Reebok Environment - Reducing Waste
		Reducing the Impact on the Environment at Corporate Offices
		In 1992, we committed to reducing the packing waste that is disposed of in landfills by relying almost entirely on recycled materials.
		Moreover, Reebok is routinely integrating environmentally friendly technology that positively impacts the environment by reducing waste.
	www.reebok.com /x/us/about/features/env/reduce.htm (363 words)

	South Eastern Europe :: ENVIRONMENT AND SECURITY INITIATIVE
		Five demonstration projects will be finalised and launched in the period of 2006-2008 under the umbrella of the project “Environment and Security in South Eastern Europe: Improving regional cooperation for risk management from pollution hotspots as well as transboundary management of shared regional resources”.
		Other key sectors for the region are cooperation on the protection of natural resources and biodiversity, such as park management, reducing the amounts of pesticides used in agriculture, and moving towards a multi lateral agreement towards protecting mountain regions.
		Reducing the impact of agriculture in the Prespa Park region - On-going
	www.envsec.org /see (1070 words)

	White Papers - NACE International
		Corrosion inhibitors are substances which, when added to a particular environment, decrease the rate of attack of that environment on a material such as metal.
		Evaluating the environment in which a structure is or will be located is very important to corrosion control, no matter which control method or combination of methods is used.
		Modifying the environment immediately surrounding a structure, such as reducing moisture or improving drainage, can be a simple and effective way to reduce the potential for corrosion.
	www.nace.org /nace/content/publicaffairs/media/ccenv.asp (461 words)

	REDUCING COASTAL POLLUTION FROM SEPTIC TANKS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		In newer homes, a septic system usually is made of a series of pipes connecting a septic tank, distribution box and a leach, or drainfield.
		Processing raw sewage through a septic system is important because it protects the groundwater and the environment from contamination.
		Microorganisms and insects living within the drain field assist in decontamination of waste materials by consuming leftover waste particles containing such harmful germs and viruses as typhoid, gastroenteritis, and viral hepatitis.
	www.myflorida.com /environment/learn/coastal_pollution_reducing.html (913 words)

	Pourbaix Diagrams
		However, if suitable reducing agents are present, the phosphorous may not remain in the +5 oxidation state.
		Knowledge of the pH condition of the environment is not sufficient for predicting the form in which an element will exist in natural waters.
		Reducing agents and reducing conditions are found at the bottom of a diagram and nowhere else.
	www.wou.edu /las/physci/ch412/pourbaix.htm (976 words)

	NRDC: Reducing America's Energy Dependence
		Second, high demand has reduced the ability of suppliers to respond quickly if a sudden supply disruption occurs, and thus traders and speculators have bid up oil prices on the spot market based on the fear that the global oil supply chain may be disrupted by terror attacks.
		The Bush administration and their industry allies claim that the way to ease the oil demand crunch is to expand drilling on public lands, even in pristine wilderness areas, and to speed up the process by relaxing environmental protections.
		Reducing truck idling at overnight truck stops by providing electrical hookups or fitting trucks with fuel cell auxiliary power units could save 50,000 barrels of oil per day.
	www.nrdc.org /air/transportation/gasprices.asp (3442 words)

	Atlantic Green Lane - Environment Canada - Reducing Smog
		Photochemical smog is a noxious mixture of gases formed in the lower atmosphere when sunlight acts upon certain pollutants such as industrial pollutants and exhaust from cars and trucks.
		Reducing speed from 100 to 80 km/hr reduces fuel consumption by 15 to 20 percent.
		The State of Environment (SOE) reporting group at Environment Canada is publishing an in-depth background article on smog, its origin, its extent and ways to reduce it.
	www.ns.ec.gc.ca /epb/ccme/smog.html (1689 words)

	Environmental Benefits
		Reduced levels of phosphorous and nitrogen in lakes, streams and the Gulf of Mexico.
		Reduced levels of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide.
		Several different crops are being developed that can thrive in difficult conditions such as areas plagued by drought, soil that is contaminated by salt from too much irrigation, or soil laced with aluminum, which is toxic to plants.
	www.whybiotech.com /index.asp?id=1805 (2367 words)

	petroleum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		It has been shown in the laboratory that reducing bacteria tend to convert organic matter into a petroleum like substance.
		Reducing bacteria are very slow, and maybe that is why geologic time plays an important part.
		Petroleum also has sulfur as part of its component, and a by-product of reducing bacterial is sulfur.
	www.msnucleus.org /membership/html/jh/earth/petroleum/lesson2/petroleum2c.html (106 words)

	New Oecd Report: Subsidy Reform - Improving The Environment Through Reducing Subsidies
		A number of analytical studies have shown that the linkages between support and the environment are complex and often indirect.
		Therefore OECD Environmental Ministers in February, 1996 supported the 1995 request by G-7 Ministers of the Environment to continue the work related to the effects of subsidies and tax disincentives on sound environmental practices in various economic sectors and the costs and benefits of their elimination or reform.
		Rather, it concentrates on the examination of the effects of the removal of those types of support measures that are harmful to the environment, the current levels of support, and the trends illustrated by empirical evidence in the agriculture, energy, transport and industry sectors.
	www.rec.org /REC/Programs/SofiaInitiatives/EcoInstruments/GreenBudget/GreenBudget3/improve.html (867 words)

	Treating Sludge: The Case for Reducing the Federal Role
		The private sector thus is being allowed to develop innovative, profitable and environmentally clean methods of treating industrial and municipal wastewater and disposing of this previously wasted commodity A Budget pressures have pushed cities into innovative processes and uses for sludge.
		The case of sludge is a lesson for a reduced federal role in environmental enforcement TE TREATMENT OF SLUDGE The most common form of pollution control in the United States consists of sewer systems and waste treatment plants.
		The amount of space needed to treat the sewage is cut by roughly 90 percent with energy usage cut by close to half involves treating the raw sewage with a small amount of sulphuric acid to reduce its alkalinity, and then bubbling ozone, followed by oxygen, through the sewage.
	www.heritage.org /Research/EnergyandEnvironment/bg256.cfm (3185 words)

	Joint Commission International Center for Patient Safety - Enhance the Healing Environment by Reducing Noise (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Reducing the number of nighttime x-rays yielded promising results.
		To reduce the noise at shift changes, staff reports were moved from the nurses’ desk to an enclosed room.
		Cmiel says one of the best ways to reduce noise is simply to make staff members more aware of the issue.
	www.jcipatientsafety.org /show.asp?durki=10362 (1425 words)

	What are Key Urban Environmental Problems?
		So common sense suggests that urban environmental problems are threats to present or future human well-being, resulting from human-induced damage to the physical environment, originating in or borne in urban areas.
		Moreover, they have a tendency to define environment in natural resource management terms, which can easily lead to ignoring the environmental health issues that are of particular concern to the urban poor.
		Thus, in the urban context, the cross-cutting environmental goal is often expressed in terms of ‘protecting’ the environment or ‘preventing’ the degradation of urban water, land and air.
	web.mit.edu /urbanupgrading/urbanenvironment/issues/key-UE-issues.html (1542 words)

	ENVSEC Projects :: ENVIRONMENT AND SECURITY INITIATIVE -Transforming Risks into Cooperation (via CobWeb/3.1 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		It is also aimed at assessing the security- environment linkage more broadly and at placing environmental causes of conflict in the perspective of the wider security context.
		Activities will combine awareness raising of environment and security issues through workshops and elaboration of information material; setting up (or supporting) local environmental information centres (local branches of the Aarhus Centres); implementation of small scale projects submitted by community associations based on the discussed ideas.
		The aim was to contribute to an increasing awareness in the region of the relevance for security of environmental degradation and this project supports environmental journalism in the Caucasus.
	www.envsec.org.cob-web.org:8888 /projects.php (6051 words)

	IAG Annual Report 2004 - Reducing Risk in the Community, Environment & Workplace (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Our inaugural Sustainability Report will be released later this year, providing detail on our strategies to reduce risk in the community, our environment and the workplace, as well as our broader social performance.
		Initiatives to reduce our environmental impact included our purchase of 36 Toyota Prius hybrid cars, with 14 more on order, for our ‘tools of trade' vehicle fleet for our motor assessors, one of the largest fuelusing areas of the organisation.
		We launched ‘Home Help', a website that provides comprehensive advice about reducing environmental and safety risks around the home, and information on energy-efficient whitegoods, securing homes against theft and reducing the risk of property damage from bushfires, storms and floods.
	www.iag.com.au /pub/iag/results/html/reducing_risk.htm (1040 words)

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