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Topic: Redundancy (information theory)

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Information theory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Information theory is the mathematical theory of data communication and storage, generally considered to have been founded in 1948 by Claude E. Shannon. Information theory is a broad and deep mathematical theory, with equally broad and deep applications, chief among them coding theory. This division of coding theory into compression and transmission is justified by the information transmission theorems, or source-channel separation theorems that justify the use of bits as the universal currency for information in many contexts. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Information_theory   (3652 words)

information theory on Encyclopedia.com An important theorem of information theory states that if a source with a given entropy feeds information to a channel with a given capacity, and if the source entropy is less than the channel capacity, a code exists for which the frequency of errors may be reduced as low as desired. INFORMATION THEORY [information theory] or communication theory, mathematical theory formulated principally by the American scientist Claude E. Shannon to explain aspects and problems of information and communication. Solving problems in Library and Information Science using Fuzzy Set Theory. www.encyclopedia.com /html/i/inform-th.asp   (1349 words)

Standards, Information and Communications: A Conceptual Basis For a Mathematical Understanding of Technical Standards Information Theory is a branch of mathematics and itself a subdivision of the broader field of the statistical theory of communications. Shannon [3] defines information as the probability of a time series of symbols (e.g., bits) using the term "entropy." His Second Theorem defines the highest potential information state as the state with maximum entropy and no redundancy, that is, where the probability of each symbol received is uniform and independent of the previous symbols received. To support the maximum useful information per period of transmission, a balance is necessary between the decrease in source entropy and the increase in redundancy due to the use of technical standards. www.csrstds.com /siit2001.html   (5616 words)

Redundancy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Redundancy, in general terms, refers to the quality or state of being redundant, that is: exceeding what is necessary or normal, containing an excess. Redundancy (law) - a reason for dismissal of an employee in the UK The term redundancy is used, with variations on the above meanings, in the following fields: en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Redundancy   (146 words)

Information Theory. Part 2. Although the finer technical details of Information Theory are no doubt not central to spelling reform as such, nevertheless as a whole it is not entirely on the periphery, and those who are concerned with designing improved orthographies should perhaps have a general awareness of its implications. One ingenious method of handling Information Theory concepts came from Huffman, who said quite correctly that one has to accept as a fact of life that the symbols are used with different frequencies, as Samuel Morse knew when he developed the morse code. Information Theory and its Implications for Spelling Reform. www.spellingsociety.org /journals/j2/knowles2.php   (2196 words)

Elad Schneidman: Information Theory and Machine Learning We constructed an information theoretic analog of connected correlation functions: irreducible N-point correlation is measured by a decrease in entropy for the joint distribution of N variables relative to the maximum entropy allowed by all the observed N-1 variable distributions. We calculated the ‘‘connected information’’ terms for several examples and showed that it also enables the decomposition of the information that is carried by a population of elements about an outside source. While mutual information is a measure of the average relation between two random variables, it is also possible to quantify the information that a specific symbol occurence conveys. www.princeton.edu /~elads/itml.htm   (634 words)

Analytic Information Theory and the Redundancy Rate Problem Such problems of information theory are thus candidates par excellence for the methods of analytic information theory. The proofs provide detailed asymptotic information on the redundancy. Redundancy is then O(1) but with fluctuations that depend on the fine arithmetic structure of the parameters of the model under consideration; see Figure 1. pauillac.inria.fr /algo/seminars/sem99-00/szpankowski.html   (1386 words)

The Talk.Origins Archive Post of the Month: February 2001 In K-C information theory, one defines the information content of a string in terms of the randomness of the string: a string with lots of redundancy has low information content; the more random a string is, the less redundancy it has, and thus the more information each bit of it contains. K-C information theory is interesting in that it considers the size of the "decoding machine" used to interpret a string to be a part of the measure of information content of that string. K-C also has a definition of entropy as a measure of information content: entropy is a measure of the randomness of a string, and thus, of the information content of that string. www.talkorigins.org /origins/postmonth/feb01.html   (684 words)

INFORMATION THEORY Information theory has provided numerous theorems and algebraical identities with which observed systems may be approached, e.g., the law of requisite variety, the TENTH theorem of information theory (Krippendorff) The total amount of information transmitted in a quantitative analogue to and hence can be thought of as a measure of a system's structure. This formula is another example of the cybernetic analysis of systems, according to which any whole system is accounted for or defined in terms of a set of components and its organization. pespmc1.vub.ac.be /ASC/INFORM_THEOR.html   (155 words)

redundancy and entropy Now, given that the compression is achieved by reducing redundancy, and, given also that entropy is the opposite of redundancy, it clearly follows that the higher the entropy, the higher the information. Remember that Shannon defined redundancy as 'the fraction of the structure of the message which is determined not by the choice of the sender, but rather by the accepted statistical rules governing the choice of the symbols in question'. Thus, the redundancy is used to overcome possible noise (for comments on 'noise', see the section on the Shannon-Weaver model). www.cultsock.ndirect.co.uk /MUHome/cshtml/introductory/redund.html   (4429 words)

Bin Yu Information Theory and Statistics Based on mutual information calculations, Yu (1996) derives minimax redundancy lower bounds for smooth density classes and hence unifies the minimax approaches to redundancy lower bounds in the parametric and nonparametric cases. It continues the tradition of interactions between statistics and information theory. Yu (1994c) explores connections between important inequalities in statistics and information theory. cm.bell-labs.com /cm/ms/departments/sia/binyu/mdlp.html   (712 words)

Computing, Cognition and Information Compression The idea of redundancy as relatively frequent repetition of patterns (discussed above) appears to be the key to many of the methods for encoding information in a compressed form: redundancy in information can be reduced by decreasing the repetition of those patterns which repeat more often than other patterns of the same size. If this information about locations is to be preserved then it is necessary to give the chunk some kind of name, label or tag and to place an instance of the tag as a `reference' to the chunk in each of the locations from which the chunk has been removed. Information contained in a computer memory - `data' or statements of a program - can be accessed by sending an `address' from the CPU to the computer memory along an address bus. www.gemstate.net /susan/Wolff.htm   (10866 words)

Information Theory Part 1. Redundancy is one of the key concepts of Information Theory, and if Information Theory aims to do anything, it is to iron out that redundancy, and get rid of it where that is a sensible thing to do. The idea of Information Theory was first outlined in print in 1948-49, when the eminent American mathematician Claude Shannon published the results of work he had been engaged on for several years; however he first called it Communication Theory. In fact the cryptographer turns the Information Theory coin upside down, because he wants to obliterate the tell-tale statistical characteristics of text, so that the unauthorized eavesdropper hasn't got a handle with which to interpret the coded message. www.spellingsociety.org /journals/j2/knowles1.php   (4280 words)

Information Theory There are endless examples of how the Information Theory applies to everyday occurrances. Shannon and Weaver's Information Theory applies to many real life situations. The woman was the information source because she was passing along information to whoever was watching that particular station. oak.cats.ohiou.edu /~kh380597/ITApp.htm   (561 words)

Comm 3210 Unit II Study Guide Comparing information theory to CMM theory, discuss one standard by which each might be considered a better theory than the other (that is, one standard by which information theory is better than CMM, and one different standard by which CMM is better than information theory. According to CMM theory, there is a series of contexts relevant to every speech act. What is the "generalized other" in symbolic interactionist theory? spot.colorado.edu /~craigr/ques2.htm   (787 words)

About Information Theory Information theory is useful when storing or transmitting information. This page is intended for the students at the Institut National des Télécoms who are studying Information Theory. Before starting studying Information Theory, it has to be said that basic concepts in Probability are required. www-citi.int-evry.fr /~uro/page-liens/information-theory.htm   (1297 words)

ANALCO05 In this talk, we concentrate on one facet of information theory (i.e., source coding better known as data compression), namely the redundancy rate problem and types. Analytic information theory aims at studying problems of information theory using analytic techniques of computer science and combinatorics. The method of types is a powerful technique in information theory, large deviations, and analysis of algorithms. www.siam.org /meetings/analco05/szpankowski.htm   (215 words)

Truth, Prosentential Theory of [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy] The correspondence theory claims that snow’s being white is necessary but not sufficient for the truth of ‘snow is white.’ In addition to snow’s being white, the proposition that snow is white must stand in a relation of correspondence to the fact that snow is white. The prosentential theory explains that any referring expression (e.g., a name, definite description, etc.) inherits its content from its anaphoric antecedent(s) and, when such an expression is conjoined to the truth predicate, a prosentence with the same content as the antecedent(s) results. The prosentential theory, by contrast, claims that snow’s being white is both necessary and sufficient for the truth of ‘snow is white.’ As Alston (1996, p. www.iep.utm.edu /t/truthpro.htm   (6647 words)

Information Theory Shannon developed information entropy as a measure for redundancy while essentially inventing information theory. He is also credited with the introduction of the Sampling Theory, which is concerned with representing a continuous-time signal from a (uniform) discrete set of samples. Another notable paper published in 1949 is Communication Theory of Secrecy Systems, which essentially founded the mathematical theory of cryptography. photonsstream.net /shannon.html   (484 words)

The Intuitive Basis of Redundancy Claude Shannon, with brilliant insight, saw this connection with information theory and called the measure of information entropy also. Without the tip we have no information concerning the race, our uncertainty about the outcome is maximal and the most rational thing we can say about the outcome of the race is that each horse has the same chance of winning. If the ratio is near 0 then the information content per letter is high and the same amount of information is passed with fewer letters. www-math.cudenver.edu /~wcherowi/courses/m5410/m5410lc1.html   (2625 words)

Doug's Inner Net News: XML and Information Theory It is a basic principle of information theory (Shannon's Theorem) that one can transmit information reliably over a noisy channel, provided one uses a clever encoding, and provided the information rate is below the channel's maximum rate. Having a background in information theory, I see the situation from a more theoretical view. In XML, we can easily recognize the redundancy: white space between elements is insignificant, the closing tags are more verbose than they need to be ( would suffice), and overall, XML is more verbose than it needs to be. www.dsauder.com /weblog/archives/000256.html   (601 words)

info.htm The information theory of Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver has several different components to it. This theory is another theory that deals with the verbal message sent during a communication sequence. Noise is likely to occur while conveying the information on microbiology from the professor to the student. oak.cats.ohiou.edu /~ms366697/info.htm   (367 words)

Category:Information theory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The main article for this category is Information theory. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Category:Information_theory   (63 words)

Computer Laboratory - Information Theory and Coding The aims of this course are to introduce the principles and applications of information theory. How concepts of randomness, redundancy, compressibility, noise, bandwidth, and uncertainty are related to information. How the metrics of information are grounded in the rules of probability. www.cl.cam.ac.uk /Teaching/current/InfoTheory   (509 words)

Bibliography savari Savari, Redundancy of the Lempel-Ziv Codes, Proceedings of the 1997 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory, July 1997. Savari, Predictable Sources and Renewal Theory, Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory, August 1998. Savari and R. Gallager, Generalized Tunstall Codes for Sources with Memory, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, Vol. cm.bell-labs.com /cm/cs/bib2html/savari.html   (738 words)

Background on Information Theory and Data Compression Information theory has also been widely influential in research on theoretical computer science, the physics of computation, fiber optics, psychology, and even music and molecular biology. Slepian, editor, Key Papers in the Development of Information Theory New York: IEEE Press, 1974. Kolmogorov Complexity or algorithmic complexity -- see G. Chaitin, "An Invitation to Algorithmic Information Theory," DMTCS'96 Proceedings, 1997. www.3dcompression.com /background.phtml   (592 words)

Information theory and superefficiency, Andrew Barron, Nicolas Hengartner The proof is based on a result of Rissanen that codes have asymptotic redundancy not smaller than $(k/2)\log n$, except in a set of measure 0. Under fairly general conditions, we given a simple information-theoretic proof that the set of parameter values where any arbitrary estimator is superefficient is negligible. LE CAM, L. Asy mptotic Methods in Statistical Decision Theory. projecteuclid.org /Dienst/UI/1.0/Summarize/euclid.aos/1024691358   (357 words)

Petar Momcilovic Information theory, data compression, network coding, computing and communication systems. To appear in a DIMACS volume based on the DIMACS Workshop on Algebraic Coding Theory and Information Theory, Piscataway, NJ, December 2003. of the 1998 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory, Cambridge, MA, August 1998. www.eecs.umich.edu /~savari   (557 words)

Amazon.com: Mathematical Theory of Communication: Books: Claude Shannon,Warren Weaver Information Theory and Statistics (Dover Books on Mathematics) by Solomon Kullback The content is certainly very conceptual but it provides a different view of what information is. In this world where content is king, it will refresh your notion of syntax and semantics, and the difference between just words and the information that lies within them. In terms of "practical implementation" of theory, it's fair to say that this seminal work has had a far greater contribution to mankind than Einsteins' paper on general and special relativity (just don't say that to a physicists face). www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0252725484?v=glance   (1610 words)

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