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Topic: Reduplication

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	Reduplication - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Reduplication, in linguistics, is a morphological process in which the root or stem of a word, or only part of it, is repeated.
		Reduplication is used both in inflections to convey a grammatical function, such as plurality, intensification, etc., and in lexical derivation to create new words.
		Reduplication is often described phonologically in one of two different ways: either (1) as reduplicated segments (sequences of consonants/vowels) or (2) as reduplicated prosodic units (syllables or moras).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Reduplication (1926 words)

	Talk:Reduplication - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Lots of interesting semantic things happen in reduplication, and lots of word classes undergo the process; it would be good to mention all sorts of examples in the article, but one shouldn't ground the definition of the morphological process on this variation.
		My understanding is that leipo, leloipa is a fairly obvious example of IE reduplication; the irregularity comes from the fact that it also exhibits vowel gradation in the past stem.
		Lastly, reduplication in adjectives serves to emphasize the adjective.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Reduplication (1157 words)

	LINGUIST List 6.52: Reduplication
		Summary on reduplication A month before Christmas (in LINGUIST Vol-5-1354) I sent out a query about *reduplication* and how this strategy is grammaticalized in languages to convey some facet of intensification.
		Reduplication of adjectives indicates intensification or increase in the following way: temiz 'clean' tertemiz 'very clean' dolu 'full' dopdolu 'very full' bos 'empty' bosbos 'completely empty' Here we have prefixed reduplication accompanied with a binding consonant.
		Furthermore, some common verbs take reduplication in their present tense; the initial consonant is reduplicated with the vowel 'i': di-do:-mi 'I give/am giving' gi-gno-mai 'I am becoming' ti-the:-mi 'I am placing' ((thi-the:-mi) In Latin, perfect forms may involve reduplication: curro 'run' cucurri perf.
	www.ling.ed.ac.uk /linguist/issues/6/6-52.html (1730 words)

	Reduplication (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		This is known as reduplication, which we can define as “the doubling of a syllable, part of a word or a word, sometimes with modifications.” Maybe it won’t be too surprising to hear that something so familiar is very common in languages throughout the world.
		Reduplication of a number means ‘no more than’ that amount.
		Reduplication in a verb may mean the repetition of an action (‘think’ - R:‘think repeatedly’) or duration of a state (‘shine’ - R:‘continue shining’).
	home.bluemarble.net /~langmin/miniatures/reduplication.htm (680 words)

	Reduplication
		Hausa is cited to have reduplication in the formation of plurals of a limited set of nouns.
		Hausa is cited to use reduplication in the intensification of adjectives.
		Reduplication is, evidently, often used in the formation of present, progressive or perfective.
	www.nord.helsinki.fi /~jklindst/sumred.html (1703 words)

	Reduplication
		Reduplication, the doubling or partial doubling of syllables and words, is very frequent in Hindi-Urdu.
		Reduplication of non-finite verb forms may express repetition of action in itself (7) or continuous action that leads to a new state (8), (9):
		In addition to the intensification and approximation, there is a third general function of reduplication: Repetition of a manner adverb or a numeral may be co-ordinated with a second reduplication (sometimes implicit) to express a correlation of degree (21), (22) or the distribution of some set x among the members of set y (23), (24):
	www-personal.umich.edu /~pehook/redoop.html (876 words)

	Echo-Word Redup List
		Since babies themselves reduplicate extensively in learning to speak (Fee and Ingram, 1982; Ferguson, 1983; Schwartz et al., 1980), it is understandable why doubling and babies would come to be associated, and this association reflected in a variety of unrelated languages.
		This grants the fivesense overlap with reduplication that we see here its significance, for it means that the overlap cannot be attributed to broad semantic coverage on the part of the diminutive.
		Reduplication is also used grammatically to express lack of control in some Salish languages (Carlson and Thompson, 1982).
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /~haroldfs/echoword (6806 words)

	LINGUIST List 2.859: Reduplication
		Sometimes a stem ABC reduplicates as ABC rather than as AABC, etc. (i.e., the whole stem is repeated).
		Reduplication in the American language I have been working on, Pit River (aka Achumawi), is closely tied to sound symbolism.
		In reply to Michael Covington on reduplication: Russian attributive adjectives (the "long form") have reduplicated endings of the form -aya -oye -iyi, in contrast with the "short forms" -a, -o, -i.
	www.ling.ed.ac.uk /linguist/issues/2/2-859.html (240 words)

	The Mavens' Word of the Day
		The process is called reduplication, which is the doubling of a syllable or other part of a word, sometimes with modifications.
		In some Indo-European languages, such as Sanskrit and classical Greek, the reduplication of the initial consonant or syllable of a verb root was a method of forming verb tenses.
		In English, reduplication tends to be onomatopoeic (tsk-tsk), or informal (hanky-panky).
	www.randomhouse.com /wotd/index.pperl?date=19991019 (549 words)

	Reduplication
		In his course "Six Problems in Phonology and Their Solution" at LSA 2005 Summer Institute at MIT, Morris Halle presented an analysis of reduplication that is remarkably similar to the approach taken in the Beesley and Karttunen chapter on Non-concatenative morphotactics.
		It is obvious that Halle's analysis of Agta reduplication can be implemented in a finite-state system such as xfst that has a compile-replace function.
		In xfst terms, what Halle's Readjustment rule needs to do is to wrap the string that will undergo reduplication in between a pair of brackets followed by the reduplication operator ^2.
	www.stanford.edu /~laurik/fsmbook/exercises/Reduplication.html (575 words)

	VIEW ROA 311
		This dissertation investigates the special phonology of reduplication.
		Reduplication which switches affix-polarity shows that the account of
		On the importance of reduplication for phonological theory.....1
	roa.rutgers.edu /view.php3?id=334 (437 words)

	EGG Course on Reduplication
		An overview of the universal morphological phenomenon of reduplication, a process of affixation that looks like pronouncing part of the same word twice.
		The course will use the "easy" example of reduplication to compare larger issues in the theory of word formation.
		We'll discuss theories of "iconicity", examine semantic scope in multiple reduplication (Broselow/Lushootseed), contrastive total reduplication (Ghomeshi etal), predicate clefts, "subjacency" of reduplication.
	www.ai.mit.edu /projects/dm/redup.html (516 words)

	Integrity and Correspondence in Manam Double Reduplication (ResearchIndex)
		Abstract: this paper I argue that the nature of apparent haplology in Manam foot reduplication supports two claims: (1) a.
		Stems of the type , ending in two identical syllables, are underlyingly a shorter stem (i.e.
		Words with multiple reduplication are analyzed with a single set of correspondence indices, so that more than one copy of a segment is penalized by the constraint INTEGRITY (Rose 1997).
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /462996.html (192 words)

	[No title]
		I assume that the inclusion of the inflectional prefix in the reduplication is due to the extreme irregularity of this verb.
		The problem is to establish that they do involve reduplication of the 'tail' rather than involving affixation of a reduplicated form (which could be an inseparable morpheme by itself).
		Forum, Reduplication In reply to Michael Covington on reduplication: Russian attributive adjectives (the "long form") have reduplicated endings of the form -aya -oye -iyi, in contrast with the "short forms" -a, -o, -i.
	www.umich.edu /~archive/linguistics/linguist.list/volume.2/no.851-888 (14018 words)

	Amazon.com: The Phonology and Morphology of Reduplication (Studies in Generative Grammar, 52): Books: Eric Raimy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The main claim is that reduplication results from loops in the precedence structure of phonological representations.
		Modular rule based analyses of overapplication and underapplication effects including backcopying are presented to argue against the McCarthy and Prince (1995) claim that a derivational model of reduplication is conceptually and empirically inadequate.
		The aim of this book is to present, illustrate and defend a representational theory of reduplication.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/3110169320?v=glance (559 words)

	Amazon.com: Form and Meaning in Word Formation : A Study of Afrikaans Reduplication (Cambridge Studies in Linguistics): ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		This study provides a unified analysis of reduplication, a highly complex word formation process, in Afrikaans.
		Botha concludes that the reduplication principles at work in Afrikaans are not unique to that tongue and, in fact, that they are used by many other languages.
		Furthermore, Botha shows that neither special conceptual structures nor even standard reduplication procedures are needed to interpret Afrikaans reduplication, thus supporting recent work in cognition by Ray Jackendoff and other scholars.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0521352606?v=glance (483 words)

	Perceptual Salience in English Reduplication (ResearchIndex)
		Abstract: This report will attempt to discriminate between these two theories of reduplication using computer analysis of English language texts.
		One set of programs will extract rhyming pairs from a large database of poetry, and use these rhymes to compute (an approximation to) the P-map, according to claims made by Steriade.
		Another set will identify examples of English word reduplication from entries in a pronouncing dictionary.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /575715.html (178 words)

	The Question of Reduplication: Introduction. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The question of reduplication refers to the operations involved in cogitional operation.
		The general question of reduplication might be posed as: Can lower level operations be operative on higher levels and/or can higher level operations be operative on lower levels?
		Or, are the operations localized on specific levels of cognition?
	www.lonergan.on.ca /dialectics/reduplication.htm (273 words)

	Patterns in Kirundi reduplication
		This paper offers a detailed analysis of reduplicative patterns in Kirundi.
		In it, I show that what looks like simple OCP effects preventing the reduplicant and the base from being identical are due to the interaction of markedness and faithfulness constraints giving rise to what McCarthy and Prince (1994) call the emergence of the unmarked (TETU).
		Moreover, in accounting for the non-identity of the base and reduplicant, I show that a ranking paradox occurs when applying McCarthy and Prince’s (1995) Full Model of reduplication to Kirundi reduplicated words.
	repositories.cdlib.org /ucsdling/sdlp1/3 (146 words)

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