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Topic: Refah Partisi

In the News (Thu 16 Feb 12)

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	Turkey's Leaders - Erbakan's Goals - Middle East Quarterly - September 1997
		Refah proudly claims to be unlike other political parties in Turkey, for its ideology challenges the very foundations of the republic founded by Atatürk in 1923.
		Refah complains that secularism lacks a clear meaning in the constitution, and so is open to capricious interpretation; for example, the Six Principles of the Republican People's Party have become the basic principles of the Turkish state.
		Refah is a sociological reality that cannot be made to disappear through legal bans because it is the political expression of a huge opposition movement.
	www.meforum.org /article/358 (4178 words)

	Turkey's Islamist Challenge - Middle East Quarterly - September 1996
		Refah's grassroots organization is staffed with dedicated cadres, male and female, who work with a missionary zeal and benefit from advanced technology, such as computers with voter-registration data.
		Nowadays, Refah's main sources of income are believed to be the contributions from two sources: the newly emerging class of businessmen and entrepreneurs active in the Islamic movement and the large Turkish immigrant community in Western Europe, especially Germany.
		Refah's current political platform similarly displays deep mistrust of capitalism in Turkey--which the Islamists decry as the principal reason for the existence of an "unjust economic and social order"--and a preference for the leading role of the state in managing the economy.
	www.meforum.org /article/314 (4076 words)

	GRAND CHAMBER JUDGMENT IN THE CASE OF REFAH PARTISI (THE WELFARE PARTY) AND OTHERS v. TURKEY
		In support of his application, he relied on various acts and declarations by leaders and members of Refah which he said indicated that some of the party’s objectives, such as the introduction of sharia and a theocratic regime, were incompatible with the requirements of a democratic society.
		They also maintained that Refah, which at the time had been in power for a year as part of a coalition government, had consistently observed the principle of secularism and respected all religious beliefs and consequently was not to be confused with political parties that sought the establishment of a totalitarian regime.
		The parties had accepted that Refah’s dissolution and the measures which accompanied it amounted to an interference with the applicants’ exercise of their right to freedom of association under Article 11 of the Convention.
	www.echr.coe.int /Eng/Press/2003/feb/RefahPartisiGCjudgmenteng.htm (1207 words)

	IJNL Vol 6 Iss 1: Refah Partisi (The Welfare Party) and Others v. Turkey
		The Refah case is a modern test case for the notion of “militant democracy.” It raises questions as to the range of policies and opinions that political parties may espouse under the ECHR’s Article 11 on the freedom of association.
		On the face of things, this violates the principle of legality, as Refah representatives could not have foreseen the legal consequences of their actions: the legal situation was changed as a result of issues arising from the Refah case, and the resultant legal situation was applied, retroactively, to that same case.
		In the Refah case, the Court reiterated its view that States have only a limited margin of appreciation where the dissolution of political parties is at stake.
	www.icnl.org /journal/vol6iss1/rel_moeprint.htm (3801 words)

	Necmettin Erbakan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the 1970s, Erbakan was chairman of the "Milli Selamet Partisi" (National Salvation Party) which, at its peak, served in coalition with the "Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi" (Republican People's Party) of Prime Minister Bulent Ecevit during the Cyprus crisis of 1974.
		His party benefitted in the 1990s from the acrimony between the leaders of Turkey's two most prominent conservative parties, Mesut Yilmaz and Tansu Çiller and led his party to a surprise success in the general elections of 1995.
		Refah was subsequently closed down by court order, and Erbakan was banned once again from politics.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Necmettin_Erbakan (706 words)

	REFAH PARTISI (THE WELFARE PARTY) AND OTHERS v. TURKEY - 41340/98;41342/98;41343/98;... [2003] ECHR 87 (13 February ...
		He contended that Refah, by describing itself as an army engaged in a jihad and by openly declaring its intention to replace the Republic’s statute law by sharia, had demonstrated that its objectives were incompatible with the requirements of a democratic society.
		Refah’s aim to establish a plurality of legal systems (in which each group would be governed by a legal system in conformity with its members’ religious beliefs) constituted the first stage in the process designed to substitute a theocratic regime for the Republic.
		Refah was dissolved on the basis of the statements made and stances adopted by its chairman and some of its members.
	www.worldlii.org /eu/cases/ECHR/2003/87.html (16001 words)

	Islam's Rise in the Turkish Republic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Although holding a minority position in government the election of Refah ministers was a signal of the re-emergence of religion in politics in the secular republic.
		Therefore, after allowing of the Refah Partisi to exist, it could be considered natural that repressed religious influence would emerge in the form of support for the party.
		Thus, Refah was able to emerge with its "official, renovated, scientistic, republican Islam," and could greatly benefit from the return of religious education in both primary and secondary state schools.
	www.mideastinfo.com /archive/paper2.htm (3974 words)

	Lehrstuhl Kirchenrecht Tübingen: Urteilsdienst
		Refah's representatives further rejected Principal State Counsel's argument that the party was a "centre" of activities which undermined the secular nature of the Republic.
		Refah had ensured that Ceylan was elected as an MP and its local branches had played videotapes of this speech and the interview.
		In the case of Refah, the dissolution of the party was based exclusively on the public statements and/or actions of the leaders and members or former members of the party.
	www.uni-tuebingen.de /kirchenrecht/nomokanon/urteile/eughmr010731.htm (14207 words)

	Cannibal Democracies, Theocratic Secularism: The Turkish Version
		Turkiye Isci Ciftci Partisi, 1961, BANNED in 1968 by the CC.
		Milli Nizam Partisi, 1970, BANNED in 1971 by the CC.
		Refah Partisi, 1983, BANNED in 1998 by the CC.
	www.yuksel.org /e/law/cannibal.htm (9677 words)

	Wendy Kristianasen, New faces of Islam
		The constituency of the Islamist party (Refah Partisi or Welfare Party) comes first from central and eastern Anatolia; second from the big cities; and third from the Kurdish south-east.
		Refah’s votes leapt to 27% in the local elections, winning 17 of the 33 Istanbul municipalities and control of the Istanbul conurbation.
		Refah now had 18,000 women activists in Istanbul and 1,265,000 women members (52% of RP members are women).
	www.hartford-hwp.com /archives/51/296.html (2952 words)

	[No title]
		Under Erbakan, Refah Partisi gained a vote of 7.2 percent in the first election, which increased with its Islamist spread into Istanbul to 9.8 percent in the election of 1989.
		Therefore, Refah Partisi initiated a growing support from those ignored by the government and developed new support through sponsoring higher education for young Islamists.(Narli) Its increase in membership and successful political agenda and developments led to a rapid increase in total votes in the 1994 local elections.
		The Refah Partisi was outlawed in January of 1998 due to its “grave danger to the secular nature of the Turkish state” (Aliriza) and its breach of the law of the political parties.
	www.stoevhase.com /subpages/Turkey.doc (4052 words)

	Recep Erdogan - Armeniapedia.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Erdoğan, was born in Istanbul, but spent his early childhood in Rize on the Black Sea Coast before returning to Istanbul at the age of 13.
		After the 1980 coup, all political parties were disbanded, but the National Salvation Party's former members founded the Welfare Party (Refah Partisi) after the restoration of democracy in 1983.
		The Justice and Development Party, on the back of widespred discontent with the traditional parties' handling of the economy and the 1999 earthquake, took 34.3% of the vote in the 3 November 2002 parliamentary elections, and due to Turkey's system of allotting seats, won an overall majority in the Grand National Assembly.
	www.armeniapedia.org /index.php?title=Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan (930 words)

	International Law In Brief March 4, 2003
		In May 1997, the Principal State Counsel of Turkey applied to the Constitutional Court to have a political party, Refah Partisi (“Refah”), dissolved on the grounds that it constituted a center of activities contrary to the principles of secularism under the Turkish Constitution.
		After the elections of 1995, Refah was the largest political party in the Turkish parliament, with a total of 158 seats in the Grand National Assembly.
		The Applicants pointed to the fact that when Refah was in power from 1996-1997, it had not introduced draft legislation for a regime change based on Islamic law, nor had any member of Refah actually attempted to use force.
	www.asil.org /ilib/ilib0604.htm (1951 words)

	Turkey - Prosperity? No thanks!
		Once in power Refah has made massive concessions to their neo-liberal backers within the Turkish bourgeoisie, and the military bureaucracy that still controls Turkish politics behind the scenes.
		The Prosperity Party (Refah partisi) came to power with the tacit support of the army and capital.
		Refah presents itself as the ideological umbrella protecting all those who are rejected and marginalised by neo-liberalism and privatisations.
	www.internationalviewpoint.org /article.php3?id_article=183 (1624 words)

	Omer Caha, Turkish Election of November 2002
		The two parties which relied on these constituencies were the Welfare Party (Refah Partisi-RP) and the True Path Party (Dogru Yol Partisi-DYP) whose image, in the eyes of the public, had been tarnished given the military's fury when they had been in power.
		After the normalization of politics in 1983, the Welfare Party (Refah Partisi-RP), a relatively radical party, came into existence.(11) The RP entered the 1987 general election, but failed to cross the 10 percent national threshold.
		By the next election of 1991, it went to the ballot box in alliance with the MHP and received 16.9 percent of total votes.
	www.alternativesjournal.net /volume2/number1/caha.htm (6914 words)

	IJNL Vol 6 Iss 1 - Religion Feature
		In a chain of recent cases, for example, the European Court has held that freedom of association carries with it the right to acquire legal entity status.
		The Refah Partisi case discussed by Christian Moe in this issue sustained the dissolution of a religiously affiliated political party, but only in a situation where the Court saw a genuine risk to democratic institutions.
		Moe considers the decision wrongheaded in many ways and blames unfair and stereotypical thinking about Islam, but whatever one’s view on that point, it is clear that Refah does not disturb earlier decisions holding that religious organizations have a right to entity status.
	www.icnl.org /JOURNAL/vol6iss1/religionfeature.htm (893 words)

	[No title]
		Daha önceki bir sayımızda da konu edildiği gibi bu iddianın asılsızlığı Refah Partisi’nin geniş katılımlı bir toplantısında ortaya çıktı.
		Refah Partisi’nin MKYK üyeleri, milletvekilleri, belediye başkanları ve yan kuruluş yöneticileri ile önemli bazı davetlilerin katıldığı bir toplantıda ERBAKAN, eline bir “Adil Düzen” kitapçığı aldı ve “bugün bundan bir imtihan yapacağız” dedi.
		Refah Partisi’nin en ünlüleri, hatipleri, entelleri söz alıp sorulara cevap vermeye çalıştılar, içlerinden tek bir tanesi bile “Adil Düzen” kitapçığı içeriğinden sorulan sorulara yeterli cevap veremedi.
	members.tripod.com /elaziz_arsiv1/sayi133/fikragibi_dosyalar/fg3.htm (226 words)

	C. Moe: Research - Islam / HRs - Refah
		In 1998, the Islamically oriented Welfare party (Refah partisi) in Turkey was dissolved by order of the Turkish Constitutional Court as a "center of activities against the principle of secularism." Six of the party's representatives, including the chairman, Necmettin Erbakan, were banned from political activities for five years.
		A conference about the first (2001) judgement was held at the Central European University in Budapest, 2-3 June 2002.
		On request, I have provided case notes summarising Refah I and II and adding some tentative criticism of aspects of the judgment that are not dealt with in the above papers.
	folk.uio.no /chrismoe/research/hr-isl/refah.en.htm (512 words)

	The survival of kemalism
		The programme of the Refah Partisi includes many elements of economic and nationalist statism, and its leader, Erbakan, declared at one point that he is devletçi ("statist", a term associated with Kemalism).
		The leading elites of Özal's Anavatan Partisi (Motherland Party) in the 1980's, including Özal himself, were Naksi.
		Many leading parliamentarv deputies of the currently ruling DYP (Right Path Party) are outspoken supporters of Islamic causes, most notably the periodic attempts to restore Aya Sofia as a mosque, in direct contravention of Atatürk's decree which made it a non-religious monument.
	cemoti.revues.org /document571.html (2332 words)

	Refah weekly magazine, - Chronology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Refah School is where Shi'a Muslim clerics secretly met for years to The weekly Hadith-e Kerman, in Kerman province was closed on 7 February for
		Washington’un amentüsüne göre bunun anahtarı, refah ve demokrasinin 4 Michael Ignatieff, "The Burden", the New York Times Magazine, 5 Ocak 2003.
		The Milli Gorus is associated with the Refah Partisi or Welfare Party in
	infoseeknow.com /ifsn/refah-weekly-magazine.htm (484 words)

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