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Topic: Referendums in Sweden

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	Referendums in Sweden - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		However none of the referendums held have been binding but rather of an advisory and consultative nature and not formally binding on the Riksdag.
		The latest referendum on Adopting the Euro was held on September 14, 2003.
		The referendum on joining the European Union was held on November 13, 1994.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Referenda_in_Sweden (224 words)

	Referendums: towards good practices in Europe
		Referendums represent a long-standing political tradition in a number of Council of Europe member states; in others, the participation of citizens in the decision-making process through referendums is a more recent achievement, coinciding with their passage to pluralist and representative democracies.
		The organisation of referendums within the EU integration process accounts for a great number of referendums which were held in European countries over the last decades: between 1972 and 2003 the citizens of 23 countries expressed their vote on fundamental stages of EU integration, in 41 national referendums.
		An extraordinary referendum is distinguished from an ordinary referendum by the fact that the popular vote on a particular measure is held at the request of a government body – the president, parliament, a minority of deputies or, again, decentralised authorities – rather than a proportion of the electorate.
	assembly.coe.int /Documents/WorkingDocs/Doc05/EDOC10498.htm (8675 words)

	European Union: Conference on draft constitution begins: another fiasco for the establishment?
		The "Yes" politicians in Sweden, after their defeat in the euro referendum of 14 September, claim that EU issues should have a more prominent role in Swedish politics.
		“Sweden is uncritically and loyally obeying a EU process which means that power and decision rights are secured only for the four biggest EU countries”, is how Sverker Gustavsson summed up his critique of the Swedish government.
		Sweden’s economic policy is a typical example, in line with the EMU on privatisation and cuts of welfare.
	www.socialistworld.net /eng/2003/10/07europe.html (2603 words)

	The Swedish System of Government - SWEDEN.SE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		In Sweden, democracy and parliamentarism emerged during the earliest decades of the 20th century.
		Referendums are regarded as an exception from the normal way of resolving important national political issues in Sweden, which is in the Riksdag.
		A referendum may also be held at the local (municipal) or regional (county council) level.
	www.sweden.se /templates/cs/FactSheet____11493.aspx (4315 words)

	Constitution - Ratification
		A referendum on the amendment has to be held contemporaneous with the election of the new parliament if demanded by 1/10 of the members of parliament and approved by at least 1/3 from the members of parliament, VIII § 15 ConstSweden.
		Sweden was set to adopt the EU Constitution by the end of 2005.
		The decision to postpone the referendum was supported by the whole political class, who had started to see in the ratification process an obstacle for the national elections and who is now completely divided on the way how to ratify the Constitution.
	www.unizar.es /euroconstitucion/Treaties/Treaty_Const_Rat_sweden.htm (984 words)

	Eurosceptics unite, by Bernard Cassen
		Sweden and Belgium have changed their plans and decided that it would be wiser to do without referendums.
		The government is planning a referendum for 25 September, to coincide with the first round of the presidential election.
		That way he would not need to hold the referendum, planned for the end of 2006, which almost all commentators consider he is bound to lose.
	mondediplo.com /2005/05/04europe (1823 words)

	National Referendum in Southern Kurdistan and a new era in Kurdish struggle for self-determination (KurdishMedia.com) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Referendum, according to the Concise Oxford Dictionary, is referring of political question to electorate for direct decision by general vote.
		Third, referendums on the local autonomy level (also called "residents’ votes") mean that local self-governing organizations and residents, by way of direct democracy, decide on laws and policies specific to that locality.
		Referendums held on the basis of this right are "plebiscites," which belong on the level of international law.
	www.kurdmedia.com /articles.asp?id=9484 (1195 words)

	Grundlagsutredningen
		Sweden’s present statute – the 1974 Instrument of Government – is the result of extensive reform work initiated in 1954 and continuing during the 1960s and 1970s.
		Sweden is a country characterised by ethnic and cultural diversity.
		Under these provisions, the matter of holding a referendum on a specific issue may be raised in the council by at least five per cent of members of the municipal or county council entitled to vote in accordance with the Act on Municipal Referendums.
	www.grundlagsutredningen.se /templates/pages/StandardPage____258.aspx (7529 words)

	Referendum - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Following a referendum vote, parliament itself has the sole power to draft, debate and pass enabling legislation if it so chooses, and thus far, New Zealand governments have chosen to ignore completely two of the three proposals which have succeeded in forcing a vote since the CIR device was created in 1993.
		A referendum which took place on 2006 in Las Condes over the construction of a mall was noteworthy for being the first instance in Chilean history where electronic voting machines were used.
		Singapore: On 1 September 1962 a referendum was held to put the proposal for Singapore to merge with Malaya to a direct vote by the citizens.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Referendum (4140 words)

	What is EMU? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Sweden has not introduced the euro because the country does not meet all the requirements which must be met for participation in the third stage of EMU.
		The reason for this is that in 1997 the Swedish Parliament decided that Sweden should not participate in the euro from the beginning, and Sweden has therefore not attempted to meet the requirement of a stable exchange rate, which requires joining ERM II.
		Denmark and Sweden held referendums on participation in the euro in 2000 and 2003 respectively.
	www.eu-oplysningen.dk /euo_en/spsv/all/74 (1381 words)

	Riksdagen - National referendums
		In Sweden it is, first and foremost, the Riksdag that decides matters concerning the whole of the country.
		Referendums applying to the whole country are one exception.
		In Sweden there are two types of referendum that differ from each other in several respects: consultative referendums and referendums on constitutional issues.
	www.riksdagen.se /templates/R_Page____10870.aspx (72 words)

	SusNordic - Sweden - Local Authorities
		The local authorities and the county councils are responsible for providning a major part of all public services in Sweden.
		It took shape in the 19th century and was regulated in the 1862 Local Government Ordinances, that in principle, made every rural parish and every city a municipality.
		The democratic system in Sweden includes some elements of direct democracy such as advisory referendums, citizens' proposals to local assemblies and user management boards.
	www.sum.uio.no /susnordic/sweden/local_authorities/background.htm (486 words)

	Ratifying the EU Constitution: Referendums and their Implications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		A referendum is not required to ratify an international treaty (and strictly speaking the EU Constitution is an international treaty) in any EU member state.
		At most, a referendum may be required to reform the national constitution in order to incorporate amendments needed to conform to an EU treaty.
		In Italy, there is a widespread feeling that a referendum should be held on the European Constitution, but the Italian government argues that are certain "technical difficulties" to holding a referendum on the Constitution.
	www.brookings.edu /fp/cuse/analysis/closa20041101.htm (560 words)

	CNN.com - Latvia in decisive 'yes' to EU - Sep. 20, 2003
		The referendum was the last held by the 10 candidate countries seeking EU membership.
		The yes vote is expected to be a boost for the EU, embarrassed by Sweden's decision last week to reject the euro.
		But amid the success of the referendum, a government crisis arose, with one party in the center-right ruling coalition, Latvia's First, saying it planned to quit the coalition unless Repse resigned, AP reports.
	cnn.com /2003/WORLD/europe/09/20/latvia.eu/index.html (424 words)

	The WWW Virtual Library: West European Studies; Sweden; bibliography. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Sweden: retreat from exceptionalism." In The European Union and the member states: cooperation, coordination, and compromise.
		Sweden and the European union: Changes in national alcohol policy and their consequences.
		The EU referenda in Austria, Finland, Sweden and Norway.
	www.library.pitt.edu /subject_guides/westeuropean/wwwes/mspr-sw-b.html (6132 words)

	Sweden's democratic system
		Sweden is a parliamentary democracy, which means that all public power proceeds from the people.
		As one of the approximately 6.7 million people in the country entitled to vote, you are given an opportunity to influence which parties are to represent you in the Riksdag, county council and municipal council.
		However, there are many ways of influencing Swedish politics, for example by taking part in referendums, joining a political party or sending in your comments on reports presented by the Government.
	www.sweden.gov.se /sb/d/2853 (284 words)

	General elections
		General elections are held in Sweden every four years and are the ultimate proof that we live in a democracy.
		Citizens of EU member states, Norway and Iceland who are registered as resident in Sweden and who have reached the age of 18 on or before election day are eligible to vote in municipal and county council elections.
		Every fifth year elections are held in Sweden, as in other EU member states, to the European Parliament, the only directly elected EU institution.
	www.sweden.gov.se /sb/d/2853/a/18099 (224 words)

	Publisher description for Library of Congress control number 98053535
		The institutions of referendums are analyzed in 22 democracies, and referendums in Sweden, Denmark and Switzerland are analyzed as case studies.
		Different forms of referendums are classified according to how they are initiated and how their agenda is set.
		It is argued that various types of referendums have been justified by arguments based on different normative theories of democracy as referendum is not a unitary phenomenon.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/description/hol056/98053535.html (162 words)

	CNN.com - Europe: Time of change - Feb. 19, 2004
		Twelve of the union's states belong to the "eurozone." Voters in Denmark and Sweden have defeated referendums on joining the euro, and Britain has yet to hold a vote.
		In Denmark, for instance, when the Maastricht Treaty on European Union was put to a national referendum, it was rejected by 50.7 percent of the population.
		Only by appending a series of complex opt-out clauses was the treaty made sufficiently acceptable to be ratified by 56.8 percent of the population in a second referendum.
	cnn.com /2004/WORLD/europe/02/18/eu.overview/index.html (748 words)

	Initiative & Referendum Institute Europe: IRIE Regional Forum in Stockholm, November, 20, 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		A major focus of the report is on the legal and political possibilities of a Europe-wide referendum on the outcome of the Convention on the Future of Europe, which is expected to come up with a proposal for a European Constitution in 2003.
		Paul Carline then briefly presented the European Referendum Campaign, which had been formally launched in Bratislava on the previous weekend and which is planned should cover all existing EU member states and current applicant countries.
		The Initiative and Referendum Institute Europe was part of a delegation to supervise the referendum on peaceful secession of Somaliland from Somalia.
	www.iri-europe.org /?page_name=stockholmoverview (2509 words)

	International IDEA \| Direct democracy – the right path for Sweden?
		The event, co-sponsored by the Embassy of Switzerland in Sweden, builds upon IDEA’s work in electoral processes and is part of IDEA’s work on direct democracy.
		Six national referendums have been held to date; a referendum on the introduction of traffic congestion in the city of Stockholm is scheduled for September 2006.
		It was suggested that some politicians were afraid that the result of a referendum would be a No, although one participant announced his firm support both for the Constitution itself and for its approval by referendum.
	www.idea.int /news/dd_oct04.cfm (1198 words)

	Untitled Document
		Förvaltningsteori och förvaltningspraktik i Sverige (Public administration theory and practice in Sweden), Politica 28.
		Det svenska folkomröstningsinstitutet och kärnkraftsomröstningen (The use of referendums in Sweden and the nuclear issue) In "Omställningen av energisystemet" SOU 1995: 140 Underbilagor, del 4.
		Det svenska statsskicket, (The Government of Sweden) A reader to be used at the University level.
	www.statsvet.su.se /hemsidor/torbjorn_right.htm (512 words)

	Finns Voting in First of 3 Polls : Grudgingly, Nordics Move Toward EU
		In Finland, where some 30 percent of the electorate has already cast ballots in advance of the referendum on Sunday, the vote is running nearly two- thirds in support of membership.
		Rather than stressing the merits of membership, supporters warn of the costs of rejection, saying it would consign their countries to geopolitical and economic isolation marked by higher interest rates, weaker currencies and fewer jobs.
		Sweden's neutrality "has served not only ourselves very well but it has made it possible for us to work over the decades for disarmament and solidarity with poor countries," said Sten Johanssen, who heads the "no" faction in the Social Democratic Party that just took power.
	www.iht.com /articles/1994/10/15/douze_0.php (526 words)

	World News & Prophecy > September 2000 > In Brief... World News Review (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Denmark's referendum is being closely watched in Sweden and Britain.
		It is speculated that if the Danes do vote "no," Sweden may abandon its plans to call its own referendum.
		But a "yes" vote followed by the same result in Sweden would then mean that 14 of the 15 European Union members have embraced the euro, with Britain the lone country out in the cold.
	www.ucg.org /wnp/wnp0009/inbrief0009.htm (1693 words)

	GlobalWatch
		When Swedes vote in a referendum on joining the European Union s single currency on September 14th, the residents of 12 municipalities around Stockholm will also have the opportunity to voice their opinion on another issue.
		The public transportation system that is supposed to serve as an alternative for cars in Stockholm suffered major problems Wednesday morning.
		Lund University in southern Sweden has reportedly received many applications for the new professorship in Parapsychology.
	radio.weblogs.com /0123269/categories/radioSwedenNews/2003/09/03.html (138 words)

	Venice Commission - Commission de Venise
		Danes who are abroad may vote in advance in all Danish diplomatic or consular missions (the “Folketing” election law, 2001, part 8, articles 53 onwards).
		As a general rule, in all general elections and consultative national referendums the voter has the possibility to vote in advance or on the election day in polling stations.
		Remote voting by mail is only permitted for participation in consultative municipal referendums (law on the procedure for consultative municipal referendums, 656/1990).
	www.venice.coe.int /docs/2004/CDL-AD(2004)012-e.asp (5816 words)

	CNN.com - IMF offers bleak assessment of the euro - September 20, 2000
		The IMF's verdict on the euro comes as Denmark prepares to hold a referendum on whether to join it or not.
		Analysts say a rejection of the single currency by the Danes could be seen by some investors as a reason to sell the euro.
		It is also predicted that the result of Denmark's euro vote could affect voting in Britain and Sweden, where referendums on membership have yet to be held.
	edition.cnn.com /2000/WORLD/europe/09/19/czech.imf/index.html (561 words)

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