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Topic: Referendums in the United Kingdom

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Referendum

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	The Wikipedia on-line encyclopedia, on "referendum"
		The terms referendum and plebiscite are often used interchangeably but the term plebiscite is usually preferred in circumstance in which a decision is being made on fundamental issues of sovereignty, such as in determining national borders or adopting a new constitution.
		In the United States the term referendum is often reserved for a direct vote initiated by a legislature while a vote originating in a petition of citizens is referred to as an 'initiative', 'ballot measure' or 'proposition'.
		A further perceived flaw of the referendum is that in some circumstances the democratic spirit of the referendum may be flouted by the repeated submission to the referendum of a proposal until it is eventually endorsed, perhaps due to a low turn-out or public fatigue with the issue.
	hkupop.hku.hk /chinese/features/referendums/online2.html (2424 words)

	Referendums in the United Kingdom - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Referendums (or referenda) are only occasionally held by the government of the United Kingdom.
		Referendums are not legally binding, so legally the government can ignore the results; for example even if the result of a pre-legislative referendum was a majority of ‘No' for a proposed law, Parliament could pass it anyway.
		United Kingdom referendum, 1975, on whether the UK should remain part of the European Community (yes)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Referendums_in_the_United_Kingdom (850 words)

	Encyclopedia :: Referendum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The 1980 Quebec referendum and 1995 Quebec referendum on the secession of Québec are notable cases.
		An initial referendum was held on June 3, 1948 to decide between continuing with the British appointed Commission of Government that had ruled the island since the 1930s, revert to dominion status with responsible government, or join Canadian Confederation.
		Referendums are rare and only once has a referendum proposal been put to the entire electorate of the UK; this was a referendum in 1975 on membership of the European Economic Community.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Referendum (3111 words)

	US Government and Politics - Referendum - Hear The Issues - Political Articles and Commentary
		Although some advocates of direct democracy would have the referendum become the dominant institution of government, in practice, in almost all cases, the referendum exists solely as a complement to the system of representative democracy, in which most major decisions are made by an elected legislature.
		Quebec in Canada is an example; a referendum in 1980 rejected "sovereignty-association" by a vote of 59-41 percent against; a second in 1995 rejected, by 51-49 percent, a mandate to allow the provincial government to negotiate sovereignty with an undefined relationship with Canada based on a common currency.
		In June 1948, a multiple-choice referendum was held in Newfoundland, with three choices: join Canada as a province, be restored as a dominion under the British crown, or continue with the commission administration in effect since 1934.
	www.heartheissues.com /usgovt-referendum.html (2991 words)

	Parliament of the United Kingdom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland consists of the Queen, an upper house of Parliament called the House of Lords and a lower house called the House of Commons and is the supreme legislative body in the United Kingdom and its overseas territories.
		The United Kingdom possesses an uncodified constitution (often incorrectly called an unwritten constitution), that is to say that there is no one single constitutional document.
		That dominance continued in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (formed in 1801 when the crowns of Great Britain and Ireland were merged) and the modern United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (formed in December 1922 when twenty-six of Ireland's thirty-two counties left to form the Irish Free State.
	www.bidprobe.com /en/wikipedia/p/pa/parliament_of_the_united_kingdom.html (2167 words)

	United Kingdom
		The United Kingdom was formed by Acts of Union which united the Kingdom of England (which included Wales as a principality) with the Kingdom of Scotland and later the Kingdom of Ireland as a single state under the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
		The modern "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland" was the result of the partition of Ireland in 1922 between the Irish Free State and Northern Ireland, which remained part of the United Kingdom.
		Referendums for devolution to Scotland and Wales failed to pass in 1979, but were successfully passed in 1997 for Scotland and Wales and in 1998 for Northern Ireland.
	creekin.net /n193-united-kingdom.html (3615 words)

	House of Lords - Constitution - Ninth Report
		I expressed my concern to the Committee in an earlier inquiry about the absence of rules in the United Kingdom which might govern the process of constitutional change.[115] In essence, there is no formal, legal mechanism in the United Kingdom constitution which prescribes how changes may be made to the constitution.
		Historically, resistance to national referendums in this country was based in part on the abuse of such polls in the 1930s by the dictators, and in part by parliamentarians' desire to maintain parliamentary supremacy and the representative function of MPs.
		Others argue for a referendum, on grounds which include the importance of the treaty as a fresh statement of the fundamental rules for the European Union, and the nature of the changes which would be made by it.
	www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk /pa/ld200203/ldselect/ldconst/168/16811.htm (1545 words)

	United Kingdom - Unipedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The United Kingdom is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations (successor organisation to the former British Empire) and NATO.
		The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy, with executive power exercised by a government headed by the Prime Minister and the other Ministers of State who form the Cabinet.
		Also sometimes associated with the United Kingdom, though not constitutionally part of the United Kingdom itself, are the Crown dependencies (the Bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey, and the Isle of Man) as self-governing possessions of the Crown, and a number of overseas territories under the sovereignty of the United Kingdom.
	www.unipedia.info /Uk.html (4243 words)

	Referendums: The Canadian Experience in an International Context (BP-271E) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Finally, referendums can be used to solve a political problem, such as an issue which causes intra-party splits (the United Kingdom EEC referendum in 1975), or where a government needs to resolve a difficult political dilemma (the Canadian conscription referendum of 1942, or the Scottish and Welsh devolution referendums of 1979).
		Overall, referendums are held to consult the people; to legitimize a course of action, especially in areas such as constitutional or territorial matters that go beyond the realm of daily government; or to resolve a moral or political problem that for some reason does not lend itself to normal party politics.
		Referendums were held in 1976, when the province of Andalusia was dissatisfied with the pace of its talks with the central government, and in 1986 on whether Spain should remain a member of NATO.
	www.parl.gc.ca /information/library/PRBpubs/bp271-e.htm (12550 words)

	Referendum - Psychology Central (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A referendum (plural: referendums or referenda) or plebiscite (from Latin plebiscita, a decree of the Concilium Plebis) is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal.
		However many referendums have been held in individual parts of the United Kingdom on issues relating to devolution in Scotland and Wales, and the status of Northern Ireland.
		Spain: In 1976 a referendum was held to determine if citizens wanted to change the political system (i.e., the dictatorship) or not to change it, after the death of Francisco Franco.
	psychcentral.com /psypsych/Referendum (3779 words)

	Ireland Information Guide , Irish, Counties, Facts, Statistics, Tourism, Culture, How
		A referendum (plural: referendums or referenda) or plebiscite (plural: plebiscites) is a general poll on a legislative or constitutional issue.
		A binding referendum is possible only in some countries, and a certain size of the participating electorate is also sometimes a prerequisite.
		In some jurisdictions measures such as constitutional amendments, ordinary laws or the recall of elected officials must be put to a referendum upon the request of a certain proportion of voters.
	www.irelandinformationguide.com /Referendum (518 words)

	ipedia.com: Referendums in the United Kingdom Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Referendums are not legally binding, so legally, the government can ignore the results, so for example even if the result of a pre-legislative referendum was a majority of ‘No' for a proposed law, Parliament could pass it anyway.
		Three further referendums on devolution are planned for November 4, 2004, these will be on regional assemblies in the regions of North East England, North West England and Yorkshire and the Humber.
		The Labour manifesto for the 1997 general election stated 'We are committed to a referendum on the voting system for the House of Commons.' [1] The 2001 manifesto did not make such a promise, and it is very unlikely the referendum will be held in the foreseable future.
	www.ipedia.com /referendums_in_the_united_kingdom.html (730 words)

	Politics of the United Kingdom information - Search.com
		The politics of the United Kingdom are based upon a unitary state and a constitutional monarchy.
		The House of Lords is currently also the final court of appeal within the United Kingdom, although in practice only a small subset of the House of Lords, known as the Law Lords, hears judicial cases.
		Therefore, elections and political parties in the United Kingdom are affected by Duverger's Law, which causes the agglomeration of related political ideologies into a few large parties with many small parties rarely winning respresentation.
	www.search.com /reference/Politics_of_the_United_Kingdom?redir=1 (5525 words)

	United Kingdom, Czech Republic suspend referendums on EU constitution - Wikinews
		United Kingdom, Czech Republic suspend referendums on EU constitution
		Jack Straw, the Foreign Secretary for the United Kingdom, said on Monday that the UK will not vote as planned on the new constitution for the European Union.
		The draft of the new EU constitution was approved in 9 other countries, before being rejected in referendums held in France on May 29 and in the Netherlands on June 1.
	en.wikinews.org /wiki/U.K._suspends_referendum_on_EU_constitution (494 words)

	United Kingdom country profile - EUbusiness - EU law, politics and finance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The United Kingdom is the oldest Constitutional Monarchy in Europe.
		The United Kingdom is a member of NATO and the United Nations, where it holds a permanent seat in the Security Council.
		The United Kingdom maintains, both in terms of friendship and economic cooperation, special ties with the sovereign states united in the "Commonwealth of Nations", which recognise the Queen as symbolic leader of their voluntary association.
	www.eubusiness.com /UK/53093 (531 words)

	Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		41) is an Act of Parliament that sets out how political parties, elections and referendums are to be regulated in the United Kingdom.
		It created the Electoral Commission, an independent body which has responsibility to regulate those areas, and transfers to it the responsibilities already created in the Registration of Political Parties Act 1998 (1998 c.
		This article is a stub relating to law in the United Kingdom, or any of its constituent countries.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Political_Parties,_Elections_and_Referendums_Act_2000 (148 words)

	Politics of the United Kingdom information - Search.com
		However, the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 outlines plans for a Supreme Court of the United Kingdom to replace the role of the Law Lords.
		Thus, the United Kingdom is said to have a unitary state with a devolved system of government.
		The opportunity to elect a regional tier of elected government was to be offered to some of the regions of England, was accepted by referendum in London, but was rejected in a referendum in North East England and is now less likely to be offered elsewhere.
	www.search.com /reference/British_government (5525 words)

	List of united kingdom related topics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Look for List of united kingdom related topics in Wiktionary, our sister dictionary project.
		Look for List of united kingdom related topics in the Commons, our repository for free images, music, sound, and video.
		Check for List of united kingdom related topics in the deletion log, or visit its deletion vote page if it exists.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/list_of_united_kingdom_related_topics (184 words)

	United Kingdom Election Results
		Referendum on establishment of the Scottish Parliament (11th September 1997).
		Referendum on establishment of the Welsh Assembly (18th September 1997).
		Referendum on establishment of the Greater London Authority (7th May 1998).
	www.election.demon.co.uk (1198 words)

	Bankintroductions.com - EUROLAND
		The United Kingdom is expected to vote at a later date in a national referendum or in a mandate during a general election widely expected in 2006-07.
		The political structure is somewhat similar to the United States where a European Commission composing of commissioners including the Presidency which rotates every 6 months amongst each EU member along with the Council representing a minister from each of the current 25 EU members.
		The United Kingdom is not expected to join in the foreseeable future as the UK is currently not ready particularly in the area of convergence.
	www.bankintroductions.com /euro.html (4144 words)

	Commanding Heights : United Kingdom Political \| on PBS
		Labor-sponsored referendums in Wales and Scotland to create devolved assemblies meet with defeat.
		Referendums establish "devolved" regional assemblies in Wales and Scotland.
		But Blair faces opposition within his party and public protest as he pursues a strong alliance with the United States over possible war with Iraq.
	www.pbs.org /search/redir/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/commandingheights/lo/countries/uk/uk_political.html (1196 words)

	Elections in the United Kingdom
		The official gateway of the United Kingdom is located 10, Downing Street and informs about the Cabinet.
		It centralizes all the public and governmental ressources of the United Kingdom, allowing an alphabetical research and an easy acces to the services provided by tha Administration.
		United Kingdom's section of this web on political leaders since 1945.
	www.diplomaticnet.com /uk/act/act3.html (603 words)

	Amnesty International 1999 Annual Report on United Kingdom (of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the)
		Referendums in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland in May approved a Multi-Party Agreement concerning the future of Northern Ireland.
		Amnesty International published United Kingdom: Briefing for the Committee against Torture highlighting deaths in custody, cruel, inhuman or degrading prison conditions, ill-treatment in prisons and refugee detention centres, and discriminatory policing.
		In May the organization published United Kingdom: Time to repeal anti-gay criminal laws, urging the government to equalize the age of consent for sexual activity and bring legislation into compliance with its obligations under international law.
	www.amnesty.org /ailib/aireport/ar99/eur45.htm (2391 words)

	Essay or Coursework - Examine some of the main differences, in theory and practice between direct and representative ...
		These along with the use of pressure/interest groups and by lobbying their MP's are said to be effective checks on the power of government within a plurality system (one where power is diffused across society).
		A referendum is where the government put a proposal to the people who vote to approve or reject it.
		The United Kingdom doesn't use referendums very frequently, however the issue of whether or not to join the European Economic Community (then called the EU) was decided in this way.
	www.coursework.info /i/439.html (731 words)

	Local (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The meeting may be chaired by the Chairman of the Parish council if willing, but this is not essential, as anyone chosen by the meeting can chair it.
		It is now up to you to publicise the referendum, as the District Council is only obliged to display the minimum notices required in law.
		Further information on holding local referendums can be obtained from publications produced by The National Association of local Councils, 108 Great Russell Street, London, WC1B 3LD.
	www2.prestel.co.uk /rodmell/local.htm (686 words)

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