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Topic: Referred pain

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Pain

	Referred Pain
		The noxious stimuli that cause pain and referred pain in viscera distention,
		This referred pain is a sharp pain - always ipsilateral and in a distant dermatome - after scraping the skull with a fingernail or pulling of an unwanted hair (e.g., nostril hair).
		referred pain is principally caused by the input of multiple sensory nerves from different dermatomes and different parts of the body (skin as well as viscera) into substantia gelatinosa in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord (Figures 10,11,13,and 16).
	www.rsdrx.com /referred.htm (892 words)

	Referred pain - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Often, referred pain arises when a nerve is compressed or damaged at or near its origin.
		In addition, tooth pain may refer pain that should be localised to the effected tooth to the opposite side of the mouth as opposed to actually feeling pain in the tooth with the cavity or abscess.
		In cases of damage to viscera, referred pain may be due to convergence of visceral nerves that innervate the damaged organs with somatic nerves that innervate sections of skin.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Referred_pain (421 words)

	Anatomy Notes: Referred pain
		Pain in the shoulder usually indicates an injury or disease that affects a structure in your shoulder, such as, say, your subacromial bursa or a rotator cuff tendon.
		In a nutshell, referred pain happens when nerve fibers from regions of high sensory input (such as the skin) and nerve fibers from regions of normally low sensory input (such as the internal organs) happen to converge on the same levels of the spinal cord.
		Nerves from damaged heart tissue convey pain signals to spinal cord levels T1-T4 on the left side, which happen to be the same levels that receive sensation from the left side of the chest and part of the left arm.
	anatomynotes.blogspot.com /2006/10/referred-pain.html (1361 words)

	Pain
		Pain is generally preventable only to the degree that the cause of the pain is preventable; diseases and injuries are often unavoidable.
		Pain in response to injury or another stimulus that resolves when the injury heals or the stimulus is removed.
		Referred pain is due to the fact that nerve signals from several areas of the body may "feed" the same nerve pathway leading to the spinal cord and brain.
	www.lifesteps.com /gm/Atoz/ency/pain.jsp (2014 words)

	My Pain: Back and Neck - Fast Facts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		pain from bulging discs compressing exiting nerve roots or radicular pain, which can lead to sciatica from the back or pain radiating down from the neck to one or both arms.
		The ongoing pain of strain and sprain is caused by inflammation of the soft tissues, which causes release of pain-causing chemicals and tissue swelling.
		The symptoms of weakness, pain, pins and needles, coldness or loss of sensation in the limbs are caused by bone compressing nerve tissue.
	www.painconnection.org /MyTreatment/articles/BackAndNeck_Part_3.asp (2800 words)

	Myofascial Pain Syndome
		It is tender to palpation with a referred pain pattern that is similar to the patient's pain complaint.
		Tender points, by comparison, are associated with pain at the site of palpation only, are not associated with referred pain, and occur in the insertion zone of muscles, not in taut bands in the muscle belly.
		Upper limb pain is often referred and pain in the shoulders may resemble visceral pain or mimic tendonitis and bursitis.
	www.mold-survivor.com /myofascial.htm (989 words)

	Head and Neck Pain
		Nociceptive pain is subdivided into actual nociceptive pain,nociceptive nerve pain or referred pain.Nociceptive pain is diagnosed as pain of new onset and is linked to active tissue damage by tumor occurrence, tumor associated inflammation,ischemia,trauma (not necessarily cancer related) or subclinical or neural infection.
		Nociceptive nerve pain is diagnosed as pain of slow onset that was localized in the sensory distribution of one of the cranial nerves,peripheral nerves or nerve roots innervating the skull,face or shoulder and has an established cause of active tissue damage such as tumor recurrence or benign inflammation.
		Referred pain is diagnosed as pain of new onset without local cause at the site of pain.Active tissue damage is present in pharynx, hypopharynx,esophagus, trachea or mediastinum supposedly stimulating sympathetic nerve endings and leading to pain in the corresponding region of the face of the skull.
	www.med.nyu.edu /painmanagement/patients/neckpain.html (1518 words)

	Abdominal Pain Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment by MedicineNet.com
		The pain of IBS and constipation often is relieved temporarily by bowel movements.
		Pain due to obstruction of the stomach or upper small intestine may be relieved temporarily by vomiting which reduces the distention that is caused by the obstruction.
		Abdominal ultrasound is useful in diagnosing gallstones, cholecystitis appendicitis, or ruptured ovarian cysts as the cause of the pain.
	www.medicinenet.com /abdominal_pain/page2.htm (1344 words)

	Knee Pain Overview
		Pain from a deeper injury (called referred pain) can be passed along the nerve to be felt on the surface.
		As the condition progresses, softening and decay of the articular cartilage on the underside of the patella occurs, and the syndrome is referred to as chondromalacia patella.
		Symptoms: Children suffering from this syndrome report pain at the tibial tubercle (the tibial tubercle is the protuberant knob on the front of the tibia, a couple of inches below the knee, where the patellar tendon attaches).
	www.emedicinehealth.com /knee_pain_overview/page7_em.htm (2351 words)

	Low back pain
		Low back pain at night that is not relieved by lying down may be caused by a tumor in the cauda equina (the roots of the spinal nerves controlling sensation in and movement of the legs), or a cancer that has spread to the spine from the prostate, breasts, or lungs.
		Pain that is caused by the root of a nerve.
		The pain is referred because the nerves that supply the damaged organ enter the spine in the same segment as the nerves that supply the area where the pain is felt.
	www.lifesteps.com /gm/Atoz/ency/low_back_pain.jsp (1809 words)

	Back Pain
		Impingement pain tends to be sharp, in one spot, and associated with numbness in the area of the leg that the affected nerve supplies.
		Myofascial pain is characterized by pain and tenderness over localized areas (trigger points), loss of range of motion in the involved muscle groups, and pain radiating in a characteristic distribution but restricted to a peripheral nerve.
		Fibromyalgia results in pain and tenderness on 11 of 18 trigger points when touched, one of which is the low back area, as classified by the American College of Rheumatology.
	www.emedicinehealth.com /back_pain/page2_em.htm (488 words)

	Low Back Pain \| Information & Answers
		When the pain is primarily from the back then it may be either confined to that area or associated with pain in the legs, groin or abdomen or even further up the back even as far as the neck, shoulders and head.
		Patients with low back pain with referred symptoms may have prolapsed discs compressing nerves, ligament damage, inflammation in the joints between the bones of the vertebral bodies (facet joints), arthritis or degeneration in the same bones with resulting nerve compression.
		"As with all pain clinic assessments of paramount importance is to exclude sinister causes for the pain.
	painmanagement.org.uk /Back/low_back_pain.html (1443 words)

	Understanding Pain
		Pain in a tooth understandably causes inflammation in the nerve bundle that leaves the tooth and, if it is intense enough, it may cause inflammation along the entire length of the affected axons all the way up to the nerve cell bodies (a nerve cell is called a neuron) located in the semilunar ganglion.
		This pain is usually unilateral (on one side of the face only), but in 5% to 10% of patients it may occur bilaterally (on both sides of the face), although attacks do not generally occur on both sides of the face at the same time.
		It is sometimes referred to as the "suicide disease" because of its intractability and persistence, and because of the sheer misery it causes the patient and those who must live with him or her.
	www.doctorspiller.com /understanding_pain.htm (3733 words)

	FM Pain or Something Else? Evaluation and Treatment of Common Pain Syndromes of The Chest Wall, Flank, Abdomen, and ...
		It is tempting to say that most chest wall pain is of primarily musculoskeletal origin, and dismiss the fact that by far the most common cause of chest pain is pain referred from the ischemic myocardium, from esophageal and stomach mucosal disorders, from the biliary tree and pancreas, and from the lung.
		Pains of neuropathic origin include thoracic myelopathy, lesions of the roots or rootlets at the thoracic spinal level, lesions of the intercostal nerves, and the entity of intercostal neuralgia and notalgia paresthetica should be noted.
		Pain of neuropathic origin has been covered under the chest in that most thoracic processes of the thoracic porion of the spinal cord and of the thoracic spinal nerve roots or peripheral nerves produce similar pain syndromes in the chest and abdomen.
	www.fibromyalgiasupport.com /library/showarticle.cfm/ID/3636 (1450 words)

	Referred Pain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		While it's true that sometimes the cause of a pain is the result of some other area at fault—knee pain due to poor mechanics in the foot for example—the knee pain itself comes from the knee.
		But at times knee pain itself does not come from the knee, it may be hip pain that's sent to the knee, where there is actually nothing wrong with the knee.
		It's defined as pain from a malfunctioning or diseased area of the body, perceived in another area, often far from the origin.
	www.icakusa.com /healthcaps/personal/referred.html (275 words)

	Shoulder Pain 2
		Pain in the shoulder may be caused by overuse or be the result of a fall, a blow, or other injury.
		Referred pain is a pain felt in the shoulder that is actually a symptom of injury or illness somewhere else in your body.
		Pain from tendinitis may be constant, or you may feel pain only when you move a certain way.
	www.parknicollet.com /healthadvisor/conditions/shoulderpain_2.cfm (478 words)

	Pain and nociception - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This subjective reality of the localization of pain to an area of the body is the basis for speaking of pain receptor, neck pain, referred pain, cutaneous pain, as well as pain in my foot, kidney pain, or the painful uterine contractions occurring during childbirth.
		Visceral pain is extremely difficult to localize, and several injuries to visceral tissue exhibit "referred" pain, where the sensation is localized to an area completely unrelated to the site of injury.
		Since pain is defined as a signal of present or impending tissue damage affected by a harmful stimulus, the ability to experience pain or irritation is observable in most multicellular organisms.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pain (3212 words)

	Listen to Your Pain
		Referred pain means that you have an injury in one place and you feel the pain in another.
		Referred pain down the leg can be caused as easily by torn ligaments and muscles as by a nerve impingement, commonly referred to as a pinched nerve.
		Pain may be felt straight across the lower back area or on one side, and the pain may switch from right to left, from episode to episode.
	www.listentoyourpain.com /articles.html (1024 words)

	MYO Pain Relief Center
		Myofascial pain can be caused by a variety of factors including accidents; over-use or under-use of muscles; ergonomic imbalances in the home or workplace; or structural imbalances in the body such as long second toe or small hemi-pelvis.
		Myofascial pain is often misdiagnosed and mistreated for one primary reason: the cause of myofascial pain is often not located in the same place where the pain is felt.
		This phenomenon is known as "referred pain syndrome." An example is that hand and arm pain is often caused by chronically contracted muscles in the upper arm, shoulder or even the neck.
	www.myopain.com /myofascialpain.html (408 words)

	Referred pain Summary
		Referred pain is the perception of pain in a region of the body that is not the actual source of that pain.
		Although pain may arise from the damaged disc itself, pain will also be felt in the region served by the compressed nerve (for example, the thigh, knee, or foot).
		In cases of damage to viscera, referred pain may be due to convergence of visceral nerves that innervate the damaged organs with somatic nerves that innervate sections of skin.
	www.bookrags.com /Referred_pain (714 words)

	Referred Pain --- HealthandAge
		Referred pain is an acute sensation felt at a body location other than the location of the diseased or injured part of the body actually causing the pain.
		For example the pain of a heart attack is commonly felt in the left arm, left shoulder or in the jaw.
		Another example is the pain of an inflamed gallbladder which is perceived as pain at the point of the right shoulder blade.
	www.healthandage.com /Home/gm=0!gc=31!l=7!gid7=33 (307 words)

	Pelvic Pain
		Patients are often struck by nausea or shifts in blood pressure as sensory nerves from pelvic organs stimulate their autonomic nerve neighbors.
		But, more significant, she adds, is that within the spinal cord, nerves entering from the viscera overlap the same areas as pain nerves to skin and muscles.
		The result is the diagnostic red herring, referred pain.
	www.neuro.jhmi.edu /BrainWaves/2003_Fall/pain.htm (468 words)

	Referred Pain \| massagetoday.com
		Muscles, tendons and ligaments often refer pain down the arms and legs in ways that are similar to nerve compression injuries.
		Because pain patterns from nerve root compressions may overlap the areas to which muscles, tendons and ligaments refer pain, these injuries often confuse experienced and inexperienced practitioners alike.
		Referred pain to the arm from suprapinatus injury or C5 nerve root injury.
	www.massagetoday.com /archives/2001/05/06.html (553 words)

	Referred shoulder pain
		Unexplained shoulder pain that does not change when you move your neck, shoulder, or arm or that occurs with symptoms elsewhere in your body (such as in your abdomen or chest) may be referred shoulder pain.
		Referred pain means that a problem exists somewhere else in the body other than where you feel the pain.
		Pain is usually felt in the shoulder on the same side as the lung problem.
	www.webmd.com /hw/health_guide_atoz/aa58029.asp (186 words)

	Referred Pain from Trigger Points
		Some common examples of referred pain are headaches, sinus pain, and the kind of pain in the neck that won’t let you turn your head.
		Pain in such joints as the knuckles, wrists, elbows, shoulders, knees, and hips are almost always nothing more serious than referred pain from myofascial trigger points.
		It’s notable that referred pain occurs very often in or near a joint, where pain is more likely to make you modify the activities or conditions that have created the problem.
	www.triggerpointbook.com /referred.htm (599 words)

	Jaw Pain
		Patients who present with sinus pain and pressure or who describe constant pain in the jaw, temple or temporomandibular joint should be evaluated for referred pain.
		Referred pain or the sensation of pain in an area distant from its origin is commonly seen in patients whose leg pain originates from the back or in an amputee who suffers from phantom limb pain.
		Many cases of jaw and facial pain and headaches unresponsive to traditional measures such as analgesics, night guards, bite plates, or antibiotics for sinusitis can be traced to the occiput, cervical facet joints, cervical interspinous ligaments, and the trapezium.
	www.getprolo.com /jaw_pain1.htm (728 words)

	Referred Pain - SomaSimple Forums
		Pain felt in the "body" can also be from a trapped "twig"on the neural tree somewhere out in the periphery.
		Somatic referred pain is caused by the convergence of somatic and visceral afferents through the DRG onto the same segmental level in the cord (Diane, perhaps you can expand a little on the relevence of somites in embryological development here).
		Referred pain may not always follow a segmental distribution because the are also extrasegmental inputs from the sympathetic afferents, as well as the odd intradural connection between dorsal nerve roots, particularly in the cervical spine.
	www.somasimple.com /forums/showthread.php?p=27167 (2657 words)

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