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Topic: Refineries

In the News (Mon 20 May 13)

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	biodiesel refineries
		Our company invests in and builds new Biodiesel Refineries throughout the U.S., Canada, Central America and the Caribbean.
		We plan to be a leading supplier of Biodiesel and turnkey Biodiesel Refineries.
		For qualified clients, we provide "turnkey" biodiesel refinery services, including; EPC (Engineering, Procurement, Construction), Investment/Funding, Permitting, Carbon Dioxide Credits and Emission Reduction Credits under the Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism.
	www.cogeneration.net /biodiesel_refineries.htm (2626 words)

	California's Oil Refineries
		California's refineries are located in the San Francisco Bay area, Los Angeles area and the Central Valley.
		Utilization rate is the ratio of barrels input to the refinery to the operating capacity of the refinery.
		Complex refineries are able to produce a greater proportion of light products, such as gasoline, and operate near capacity because of California's large demand for gasoline.
	www.energy.ca.gov /oil/refineries.html (1151 words)

	EPA - Air Toxics Website - Petroleum Refineries
		The proposed rule required one-third of the refinery to be in compliance 6 months after promulgation of the rule, two-thirds of the refinery to be in compliance 1 year after promulgation of the rule, and the entire refinery to be in compliance 18 months after promulgation of the rule.
		Refineries choosing to comply with the modified negotiated rule are subject to monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting requirements of subpart H. The EPA has included this compliance alternative to add flexibility and opportunities for adjustment for differences among facilities.
		For example, if a refinery operates a unit that produces upgraded feedstock for the alkylation unit and this unit also produces a small quantity (less than 20 percent) of the chemical MTBE, that unit is considered to be subject to the petroleum refinery MACT standard and not to the HON.
	www.epa.gov /ttnatw01/petrefine/bid/petbid.html (11808 words)

	Impacts of the Venezuelan Crude Oil Production Loss
		Refineries that normally run intermediate sour crude oil could run a small quantity of heavy sour crude if they could blend it with light sweet crude oil, but if light sweet crude oil is in short supply, then that option is not available.
		It explores the extent to which refineries normally using Venezuelan crude were able to acquire alternative supply and how these refineries were affected depending on their affiliation with Venezuela's national oil company, Petróleos de Venezuela, SA (PDVSA), and the quality of Venezuelan crude oils being used.
		Refineries also increased the volumes of unfinished oils (e.g., heavy gas oil that is used as input to fluid catalytic cracking units) in December and January, which further helped to stem the decline in refinery output.
	www.eia.doe.gov /pub/oil_gas/petroleum/feature_articles/2003/venezuelan/vzimpacts.htm (4582 words)

	ABC News: Would More Refineries Lower Gas Prices?
		"Refineries are strained, and they are having more accidents and creating worries about supply shortages that drive up the price," said Jamal Qureshi, an oil analyst with PFC Energy.
		Oil analysts say more refineries could make a difference in gas prices, especially if they were able to process what's called "heavy" crude.
		He's been trying to build a refinery on a patch of Arizona desert for a decade, and at this point hopes to be operational in early 2010.
	abcnews.go.com /WNT/story?id=1042788&page=1 (360 words)

	USATODAY.com - House OKs new refineries, not expected to pass Senate (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The refinery legislation would make the Energy Department the key agency dealing with refinery permits for plants proposed in designated development zones where there is high unemployment or where a refinery had been closed.
		Refinery capacity today is about 16.8 million barrels a day, compared with 18.6 million barrels a day in 1981, according to the National Petrochemical and Refiners Association.
		Refinery profits have soared along with high gasoline prices this year, but there's no assurance of stable profits in the future to attract the estimated $3 billion needed to build a new, large refinery, industry experts said.
	www.usatoday.com /news/washington/legislative/2004-06-16-house-energy-bill_x.htm (590 words)

	Indian Oil Corporation :: Business_Refining
		By 1974-75 with in-house modifications, the capacity of the refinery was further increased by 40% to a level of 4.2 mmtpa.
		Refinery expansion to 7.5 MMTPA as well as a Hydrocracker project has been approved for Haldia Refinery, commissioning of which shall enable this Refinery to supply entire Euro – III HSD to the eastern region of India.
		Panipat Refinery is the seventh refinery of IndianOil.
	www.iocl.com /business_refineries.aspx (2703 words)

	billingsgazette.com
		Refineries are expensive, and nobody likes having a big, smelly refinery near his or her back yard.
		Smaller refineries have a tough time thriving because they just don't produce enough fuel to offset their operating costs, and experts say that's why so many refineries have shut down over the years.
		The bill encourages construction of new refineries in areas that have an unemployment rate 20 percent higher than the national average, have experienced massive layoffs in manufacturing segment or have a closed refinery in the area.
	www.billingsgazette.com /index.php?id=1&display=rednews/2004/07/11/build/business/40-new-refineries.inc (1037 words)

	An MBendi Profile: Africa: Oil and Gas - Oil Refining - Overview
		Kaduna refinery in northern Nigeria was built in 1980 with a capacity of 5.5 million mt/yr (110,000 b/d).
		Warri refinery in the south central region was built in 1978 with a capacity of 6.2 million mt/yr (125,000 b/d).
		The 6,000 b/d refinery in In Amenas was shutdown in 1986.
	www.mbendi.co.za /reaf.htm (1463 words)

	deseretnews.com \| Refineries snub the state
		A Utah official says refineries are refusing to cooperate with a state probe into gas prices and are gouging consumers.
		Meanwhile, oil officials in Duchesne and Uintah counties also allege the refineries have reduced the amount of "fl wax" crude oil from eastern Utah producers they will process in favor of the cheaper, easier crude imported by express pipeline from Canada.
		Refinery secrecy is a concern Utah lawmakers may need to look into as a public policy issue, said Republican state Sen. Beverly Evans of Altamont.
	deseretnews.com /dn/view/0,1249,650200572,00.html (899 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Business \| Global refinery shortage shifts power balance
		Refineries, or rather the lack of them, have become the latest hot topic in the oil market.
		But the primary motive behind the lack of US refinery new builds is a basic one, a lack of profits for oil companies.
		There is a plan for one small 150,000 bpd US refinery in Arizona near the town of Welton, but even that has many hurdles to overcome.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/business/4296812.stm (1133 words)

	CorpWatch : US: No New Refineries in 29 Years
		Part of his job is to persuade local officials and residents to allow a 150,000-barrel-a-day refinery in their backyard - no small task.
		Meanwhile, the 1,400-acre site picked for the refinery, an old citrus grove near the Mexican border, remains empty, a sign of why the United States is now grappling with an acute shortage of plants that can refine the more than 20 million of barrels of crude oil that the country consumes every day.
		The last refinery to be completed in the United States was in 1976, and Mr.
	www.corpwatch.org /article.php?id=12227 (1455 words)

	Reason Foundation Commentary: Katrina Reveals Gas Price Folly
		The nation's 149 existing refineries have been running at maximum capacity trying to meet record demand and, as a result, not only do we import oil, we actually have to import 10 percent of our daily gasoline from refineries overseas.
		So when Hurricane Katrina or a refinery fire or anything else causes even just a few refineries to shut down for awhile, there is absolutely no excess capacity nationwide to make up the difference, and prices at the pump skyrocket.
		The opposition to building new refineries ignores the dramatic technological improvements that have been made since an oil refinery was last constructed here in 1976.
	www.reason.org /commentaries/moore_20050901.shtml (865 words)

	Outages take their toll: when refineries go down, ripples sweep to the pumps Los Angeles Business Journal - Find ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		All of which leaves no clear answer as to whether refinery issues will continue to exacerbate fuel prices in coming months--other than the fact that the refineries themselves are old and subject to breaking down.
		Last year, supplies were strained when Exxon Mobil's refinery in Torrance, the third largest in the state with the capacity to refine 150,000 barrels of crude per day, saw slightly lower production levels while undergoing a major round of planned maintenance and upgrades.
		The refineries, all in the South Bay, range from the West Coast Products LLC refinery in Carson, owned by BP, and Chevron's refinery in El Segundo, both of which process 260,000 barrels of crude per day, to the Paramount refinery that can process 50,000 barrels a day.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m5072/is_34_27/ai_n15380537 (908 words)

	REFINERIES
		The new Port Harcourt ‘B’ refinery was planned as an export refinery, but problems encountered with the existing 3 refineries have resulted in all of its production diverted to local consumption.
		Government is under pressure to take firm decisions on these refineries, as their output is declining.
		The report of the panel investigating the Warri Refinery Turn Around Maintenance, criticised amongst other things, the concept of the WRPC, a limited company, with its own board, being subordinate to the holding company, NNPC, under the control of Corporate Affairs.
	www.nigerianoil-gas.com /downstream/refineries.htm (423 words)

	Environmental Defense - Ranking Refineries
		We utilized three refinery efficiency measures to develop simplified refinery rankings, each a quantity of waste divided by a refinery's capacity in barrels (one barrel equals 42 gallons) per day.
		Among the most inefficient refineries are both large and small facilities, and refineries located in Clean Air Act ozone "attainment" and "non-attainment" areas, the latter having stricter regulations to prevent releases.
		This indicates that states vary greatly in their regulatory and enforcement efforts to reduce multi-media waste releases and offsite waste transfers for refineries; as a result, there is a greater than ten-fold difference among states in pollution created per barrel refined.
	www.environmentaldefense.org /article.cfm?contentid=247 (846 words)

	Refineries emissions not so fine / A bigger threat than 'white powder'
		Every time the issue goes before the board, residents living near refineries and environmental groups plead for a stronger ordinance, but the board always caves to the refineries, who often use the we'll-leave-town-and- take-jobs threat.
		So, as it stands now, refinery officials report problems to the supervisors and tell them how they fixed it or why they chose not to, and all the supervisors can do is nod sagely and hope for the best.
		Gerber's contention that the county's refinery ordinance lacks teeth is correct, and that is especially worrisome because state and federal agencies also are toothless.
	www.sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2001/10/20/MN137741.DTL (1031 words)

	Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - FSU refineries: Azerbaijan's refineries
		As a result of limited crude deliveries to the refineries, Azerbaijan suffered a fuel crisis in the spring of 2000 and was forced to import crude from Iran in order to produce enough fuel oil to keep the country's thermal power plants working.
		Though the refineries are not operating very successfully, SOCAR has found some funds for modernisation projects.
		The refinery processes highly acidic crude oil that requires treatment of the kerosene and diesel streams to meet the quality specifications required by customers.
	www.gasandoil.com /goc/company/cnc02737.htm (526 words)

	Oil Refineries
		Many of the gases emitted by refineries are harmful to humans, and can cause permanent damage and even death.
		Exposure to very high concentrations of SO (for example, when there are accidental leaks at a refinery) can result in painful irritation of the eyes, nose, mouth and throat, difficulty in breathing, nausea, vomiting, headaches and even death.
		Presently, SA refineries do not have to actually measure their air emissions but may simply estimate or calculate the amount they are emitting through their stacks.
	www.groundwork.org.za /oil_refineries.htm (927 words)

	refineries
		Sometimes however, a refinery is constructed with only three or four stories, and then it is necessary to frequently raise the liquor by means of a pump or monte-jus, from one stage of the process to another.
		It is built for a sugar refinery, and the weights these floors and beams have to sustain, when loaded with moist sugar, has been calculated at 400lbs on a square foot, and the breaking weight of the beams is computed at 106 tons equally distributed.
		A house intended to contain one or two pans should be square or nearly square: but a house of larger dimensions ought to be of an oblong form; as it may be conveniently heated, by placing the chimney of the stove and of the pans at opposite angles.
	www.mawer.clara.net /refineries.html (6718 words)

	refineries - OneLook Dictionary Search
		We found 6 dictionaries with English definitions that include the word refineries:
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "refineries" is defined.
		Phrases that include refineries: petroleum refineries, kochi refineries limited
	www.onelook.com /?w=refineries&ls=a (113 words)

	refineries
		Sometimes however, a refinery is constructed with only three or four stories, and then it is necessary to frequently raise the liquor by means of a pump or monte-jus, from one stage of the process to another.
		It is built for a sugar refinery, and the weights these floors and beams have to sustain, when loaded with moist sugar, has been calculated at 400lbs on a square foot, and the breaking weight of the beams is computed at 106 tons equally distributed.
		A house intended to contain one or two pans should be square or nearly square: but a house of larger dimensions ought to be of an oblong form; as it may be conveniently heated, by placing the chimney of the stove and of the pans at opposite angles.
	home.clara.net /mawer/refineries.html (6718 words)

	Green Car Congress: Shell Oil President Questions Need for New Refineries
		If, on the other hand, new refineries are built, but due to constraints in oil supply prices continue to rise anyway, and demand correspondingly drops, then the oil companies would once again be moved to consolidation—i.e., cutting out some of the excess capacity that they had just invested in to build.
		From the company’s point of view, in other words, investing in new refineries only makes sense if (a) demand continues to grow unabated and (b) supplies of low-cost oil to feed those refineries will be plentiful.
		The fact is the oil companies havnt wanted to waste money on new refineries for a long time because the bottom line is what they have now can be forced to cover thier needs till the end of oil.
	www.greencarcongress.com /2005/10/shell_oil_presi.html (1694 words)

	Onsite Water Treatment \| Wastewater Challenges For A Trio of Western US Oil Refineries
		Though refineries have been in existence for over a century, solutions for taking care of the sludge their lagoons have accumulated are quite new.
		Before the Ciniza refinery started using Biolynceus’ BioScrubber in its aeration lagoon, it measured the water depth and found that a piece of clear, capped PVC pipe could be pressed into 2 feet of water and 2 feet of soft material in the 15-foot-deep lagoons.
		The refineries seem to be working very well, but if someone should have a problem we will get someone onsite as quickly as possible to analyze what’s going on and to fix it as soon as possible.
	www.onsitewater.com /ow_0609_challenges.html (2779 words)

	Onsite Water Treatment \| Wastewater Challenges For A Trio of Western US Oil Refineries
		Though refineries have been in existence for over a century, solutions for taking care of the sludge their lagoons have accumulated are quite new.
		Before the Ciniza refinery started using Biolynceus’ BioScrubber in its aeration lagoon, it measured the water depth and found that a piece of clear, capped PVC pipe could be pressed into 2 feet of water and 2 feet of soft material in the 15-foot-deep lagoons.
		The refineries seem to be working very well, but if someone should have a problem we will get someone onsite as quickly as possible to analyze what’s going on and to fix it as soon as possible.
	www.forester.net /ow_0609_challenges.html (2779 words)

	Gasoline Supplies Threatened Anew as Texas Refineries Brace
		Texas is home to refineries that can process about 4.6 million barrels of oil a day, or about 27 percent of U.S. capacity, according to the U.S. Department of Energy.
		Refineries were preparing for the hurricane yesterday, in some cases evacuating employees and curtailing operations.
		BP PLC, which runs a refinery in Texas City that can process 437,000 barrels of oil a day, said it was halting operations as a precaution.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-dyn/content/article/2005/09/21/AR2005092102368.html (579 words)

	Newsvine - Group Names Top 10 Polluting Refineries (Site not responding. Last check: )
		WASHINGTON — Environmental activists on Thursday said more stringent air-quality regulations are needed for oil refineries along the Gulf Coast, a region densely populated with petroleum industry plants.
		Topping the list, with nearly 2.1 million pounds of carcinogens such as benzene and formaldehyde was BP PLC's refinery in Texas City, Texas, though the advocacy group said that number was skewed dramatically upward due to a one-time release of nearly 2 million pounds of formaldehyde in 2004.
		Texas refineries spewed more than double the amount of carcinogens per barrel of oil than California refineries in 2004, the study found.
	www.newsvine.com /_news/2007/02/08/559211-group-names-top-10-polluting-refineries (653 words)

	Who to hate when you fill your tank. - By Daniel Gross - Slate Magazine (Site not responding. Last check: )
		According to this fact sheet from the National Petrochemicals and Refiners Association, no new refineries have been built in the United States since the 1970s.
		As this chart from the Department of Energy shows, refineries in May were running at 94 percent of capacity—which is good for profits.
		The Energy Department said yesterday that three downed refineries will be operating by the end of this week.
	slate.msn.com /id/2125900 (1083 words)

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