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Topic: Reflection optics

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	MSN Encarta - Optics
		The laws of reflection and refraction of light are usually derived using the wave theory of light introduced by Dutch mathematician, astronomer, and physical scientist Christiaan Huygens.
		The angle of incidence (reflection or refraction) is the angle between the incident (reflected or refracted) ray and this normal.
		The laws of reflection state that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection and that the incident ray, the reflected ray, and the normal to the surface at the point of incidence all lie in the same plane.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761576625/Optics.html (1198 words)

	Reflection (physics) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Reflection is the abrupt change in direction of a wave front at an interface between two dissimilar media so that the wave front returns into the medium from which it originated.
		Reflection of light may be specular (that is, mirror-like) or diffuse (that is, not retaining the image, only the energy) depending on the nature of the interface.
		Whether the interfaces consists of dielectric-conductor or dielectric-dielectric, the phase of the reflected wave may or may not be inverted.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Reflection_(optics) (632 words)

	The reflection and refraction of light
		Reflected light obeys the law of reflection, that the angle of reflection equals the angle of incidence.
		All the light travelling in one direction and reflecting from the mirror is reflected in one direction; reflection from such objects is known as specular reflection.
		All objects obey the law of reflection on a microscopic level, but if the irregularities on the surface of an object are larger than the wavelength of light, which is usually the case, the light reflects off in all directions.
	physics.bu.edu /~duffy/PY106/Reflection.html (2229 words)

	World Intellectual Property Organization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		By using reflection optics 66 that comprises curved mirror 63, the projection distance is reduced from d2 to d,, leading to a smaller throw ratio.
		Reflection optics 96 comprises a curved mirror 93 that is located between screen 20 and viewer 5, again positioned so as not to obstruct the view using a support arm 97.
		The projection system of claim 1, wherein said reflection assembly comprises a first curved mirror and a second curved mirror, such that the optical path of the pre-distorted optical image is reflected from the surface of said first curved mirror onto the surface of said second curved mirror.
	www.wipo.int /ipdl/IPDL-CIMAGES/view/pct/getbykey5?KEY=03/107663.031224&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (8495 words)

	Reflection (physics) -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A (Polished surface that forms images by reflecting light) mirror provides the most common model for specular light reflection and consists of a glass sheet in front of a metallic coating where the reflection actually occurs.
		In fact, reflection of light may occur whenever light travels from a medium of a given (The ratio of the velocity of light in a vacuum to that in a medium) refractive index into a medium with a different refractive index.
		For parabolic reflection, such as those used in car headlights, see (A surface having parabolic sections parallel to a single coordinate axis and elliptic sections perpendicular to that axis) paraboloid.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/r/re/reflection_(physics).htm (642 words)

	101+ Experiments
		Reflection, Internal Reflection - Shine the beam into a tank of water and observe that the light will be reflected not only when the beam enters the water, but also when the beam is leaving from a different side of the tank.
		Reflections that tend to keep the laser beam inside of the medium are known as internal reflections.
		Reflection, Law of Reflection - The Law of Reflection states that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection and that the incident ray, normal, and reflected ray all lie in the same plane.
	www.metrologic.com /edu/global_info/101exp.asp (9234 words)

	Reflection (optics) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Reflection and Refraction of Light Uses geometry to predict reflection from plane and spherical mirrors, and looks at how speed and wavelength varies with different media.
		Optics for Kids Includes a section on careers in optics, vision and color, optics in nature, optics and laser lab, and biomedical and health applications.
		Reflection and focusing properties of asymmetrically cut and bend crystals.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Reflection_(optics).html (295 words)

	Optics: Total internal reflection - Wikibooks
		Another interesting aspect of total internal reflection is that if one observes the refracted ray as the incident ray is gradually increased, the refracted ray slowly becomes dimmer until it disappears completely.
		The second law of reflection states that "the incident ray, the reflected ray, and the normal are coplanar." Therefore, the refracted ray must be in the second medium.
		The reflected angle is also the same as the incident angle, which agrees with the first law of reflection.
	en.wikibooks.org /wiki/Total_internal_reflection (268 words)

	Capillary X-ray Optics - Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Grazing incidence optics depend on the phenomenon of total external reflection, but are restricted in their use because of their very small angular aperture, large size, or large focal length (2).
		Total external reflection also allows x-rays to be transmitted through single straight or tapered hollow glass tubes in a manner analogous to visible light fiber optics (3).
		Recently, a new type of x-ray optic, based on an assembly of a large number of hollow capillary tubes brought together to form a "Kumakhov lens," was invented in Moscow (4).
	www.albany.edu /x-ray-optics/intro.html (454 words)

	SparkNotes: Geometric Optics: Reflection
		When light is reflected while moving from a less to a more optically dense medium (air to water, for example) it is called 'external reflection.' Importantly, reflection occurs without color-bias; all wavelengths are reflected equally from a dielectric surface.
		This is called the "law of reflection." To state the law in its full generality, it is also necessary to say that the incident ray and the reflected ray, as well as the ray perpendicular to the surface, all lie in the same plane.
		Recall also, that the angles of incidence and reflection correspond to the angles between the rays and the normal to the surface (also, to the angles between the wavefronts and the surface, as in the diagram).
	www.sparknotes.com /physics/optics/geom/section1.html (426 words)

	Fiber Optics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Light must be totally reflected at the interface between the inner and outer materials to be guided along the central passage.
		Reflection is the specular (mirror-like) return of light from the interface.
		Reflection - The reflected wave at an interface is returned as shown in Figure 8.
	www.umr.edu /~smarteng/mands/sensors/fiberoptics/text.html (1559 words)

	Reflection optics reference beam telescope - US Patent 6331904 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The reflected beam 116 passes through two lenses 106 and 108, which have the same focal length F, and interferes with a signal beam 114 in the holographic storage medium 104.
		When the angularly tunable mirror 103 rotates to a second position 101, a second reflected reference beam 118 passes through lenses 106 and 108, enters the holographic storage medium 104, and interferes with a signal beam 114 at the same position and yet a different angle with respect to the beam 116.
		The light beam 212 is further reflected by the convex mirror 214 to form the light beam 216.
	www.patentstorm.us /patents/6331904.html (4751 words)

	Optics Lab Optical Ray Tracing Software
		Optics Lab is a full featured Optical Design and Analysis program with advanced features at an affordable price.
		Optics may be moved by dragging them with the mouse or entering coordinates.
		Optics, raytrace, ray trace, optical raytracing, optical ray tracing, lens design, optical engineering, optical analysis, optical design, telescope, microscope, astronomy, photography, optimization, control systems, simulation, electro-optics, fiber optics, diffraction, stray light, rays.
	www.optics-lab.com (497 words)

	Light Reflection
		The angle between the reflected ray and the normal is called the angle of reflection, or the reflected angle.
		Notice that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.
		The reflection of light is often discussed using phrases such as "a ray of light bounces off of a mirror." This is because when a light ray reflects at the surface of a mirror it follows a path similar in behavior to a pool ball bouncing off of a cushion on a pool table.
	id.mind.net /~zona/mstm/physics/light/rayOptics/reflection/reflection1.html (354 words)

	Total internal reflection. (from optics) -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In telecommunications, fibre optic technology has virtually replaced copper wire in long-distance telephone lines, and it is used to link computers within local area networks.
		Fibre optics is also the basis of the fibrescopes used in examining internal parts of...
		Optics, the study of light, is a diverse field of science concerned with how light is produced and transmitted and how it interacts with matter.
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-205959 (976 words)

	[No title]
		Leaves are green because leaves, or chlorophyll inside the leaves, reflects green light.
		In reflection, the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.
		Sunlight reflects the surface at the same angle it strikes the surface.
	cimss.ssec.wisc.edu /wxwise/class/optics.html (671 words)

	UNPh28.html
		Polished surfaces cause specular reflection so that the angle of the incident ray to the normal at the point of reflection is equal to the angle of reflection for heat, light, radio waves and sound waves.
		Observe the reflection and divergence of a parallel sided beam, by using the side of a water bottle with plating or stainless steel kettle as a convex mirror.
		Observe the reflection of a beam of light from air into water by adding drops of milk to water in a glass and stir it until the colour is uniform.
	www.uq.edu.au /_School_Science_Lessons/UNPh28.html (12230 words)

	The Physics Classroom
		The convention used to express the direction of a light ray is to indicate the angle which the light ray makes with a normal drawn to the surface of the mirror.
		The angle of incidence is the angle between this normal and the incident ray; the angle of reflection is the angle between this normal and the reflected ray.
		According to the law of reflection, the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.
	www.physicsclassroom.com /mmedia/optics/lr.html (142 words)

	Chapter 1 Optics - Reflection
		The Law of Reflection states that angle of incident (incoming ray) is equal to the angle of reflection (the outgoing ray).
		The angle is measured between the incident ray and the normal and the reflected ray and the normal.
		This area of physics is called geometric optics and how the images are formed in a security mirror or a make mirror is interesting to understand but do not lead to the direct principle of understanding fiber optical cable.
	www.jcc.kctcs.edu /kteam/ph171/Chapter1/ch1c.htm (212 words)

	Optics - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Optics (appearance or look in ancient Greek) is a branch of physics that describes the behavior and properties of light and the interaction of light with matter.
		Rainbows and appearances of fata Morgana or the green ray are examples of optical phenomena.
		Principles of Optics: Electromagnetic Theory of Propagation, Interference and Diffraction of Light (7th Edition)
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /optics.htm (444 words)

	The Open Door Web Site : IB Physics : Optics : Reflection of Light
		The reflected beam of light therefore carries information about the nature (as well as the colour) of the surface.
		The light reflected by a plane (flat) mirror does not contain information about the mirror itself: when you look into a mirror you see "yourself" not the mirror.
		the angle of incidence, i, is always equal to the angle of reflection, r.
	www.saburchill.com /physics/chapters3/0002.html (161 words)

	6A20.10 Optics Board: Reflection off a Curved Mirror (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Optics Board light sources set to project rays and a curved mirror.
		Room lights must be dimmed for students to see the reflected rays.
		Please return mirror to its holder at the end of the demonstration.
	www.ph.utexas.edu /~phy-demo/demo-txt/6a20-10.html (80 words)

	Reflection (from optics) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Geometrical optics > Reflection and refraction > Reflection
		The use of polished mirrors for reflecting light has been known for thousands of years, and concave mirrors have long been used to form real images of distant objects.
		The branch of geometrical optics is concerned with the principles that govern the image-forming properties of mirrors, lenses, and similar devices.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-37945?tocId=37945 (929 words)

	Light & Optics - Reflection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This is called reflection, and it works similar to a ball bouncing off a wall.
		Reflected light is also what makes things sparkle and shine.
		Generally smooth surfaces are better materials for reflection than surfaces that are uneven.
	www.valemount.com /joel/lightoptics/reflect.htm (159 words)

	AllRefer.com - mirror (Physics) - Encyclopedia
		mirror, in optics, a reflecting surface that forms an image of an object when light rays coming from that object fall upon it (see reflection).
		Usually mirrors are made of plate glass, one side of which is coated with metal or some special preparation to serve as a reflecting surface.
		The junction of this reflecting surface and the plate glass is called the mirror line.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/M/mirror.html (207 words)

	History of Optics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In his Catoptrica, Hero showed by a geometrical method that the actual path taken by a ray of light reflected from a plane mirror is shorter than any other reflected path that might be drawn between the source and point of observation.
		The rainbow was conjectured to be a consequence of reflection and refraction of sunlight by layers in a 'watery cloud' but the effect of individual droplets was not considered.
		In the same treatise, he suggested that a telescope could be constructed using a converging objective and a converging eye lens and described a combination of lenses that would later become known as the telephoto lens.
	members.aol.com /WSRNet/D1/hist.htm (3175 words)

	The Fundamentals of Optics
		Geometrical optics deals with the properties of reflection and refraction of light, as part of the study of mirrors, lenses, and optical fibers.
		As you can see from the dictionary definition above, the study of optics falls into three general categories: light itself, what it is and how it behaves; How we perceive light through the sense of sight; and how light can be manipulated through such processes as reflection and refraction.
		This visual phenomenon not only involves both reflection and refraction, but also is a practical demonstration that different colors of light refract differently, even under fixed circumstances.
	www.play-hookey.com /optics (387 words)

	Accessories
		Maximum flexibility through a wide variety of measuring head or measuring optics for reflection and transmission measurements.
		The OMK 500-H is a reflection measuring head with an integrated halogen lamp for measuring diffuse reflection.
		The 10°/10° reflection measuring head is used for targeted reflection and color measurement on coated, transparent samples.
	www.zeiss.de /C12567BB00549F37/ContentsWWWIntern/D2AC95E1F59A6F5141256D660048B595 (186 words)

	Light & Optics - Reflection Activities
		Angles formed with the mirror before and after reflection are always equal.
		Rays from points A and B travel to the mirror, where they are reflected back to your eyes.
		When the tubes are at the correct angle, the light will bounce off the mirror and down to the end of the second tube.
	www.valemount.com /joel/lightoptics/actrefle.htm (664 words)

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