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Topic: Reflex arc

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	John Dewey [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		Dewey's first significant application of this new naturalistic understanding was offered in his seminal article "The Reflex Arc Concept in Psychology" (1896).
		In this article, Dewey argued that the dominant conception of the reflex arc in the psychology of his day, which was thought to begin with the passive stimulation of the organism, causing a conscious act of awareness eventuating in a response, was a carry-over of the old, and errant, mind-body dualism.
		Dewey argued for an alternative view: the organism interacts with the world through self-guided activity that coordinates and integrates sensory and motor responses.
	www.utm.edu /research/iep/d/dewey.htm (5925 words)

	Behaviorism [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		In opposition to the "Structuralist" philosophical underpinnings of introspectionism, behaviorism grew out of a competing "Functionalist" philosophy of psychology that counted Dewey and William James among its leading advocates.
		Against structuralist reification of the content of experience, Dewey urged that sensations be given a functional characterization, and proposed to treat them as functionally defined occupants of roles in the "reflex arc" which -- since it
		the "unifying principle and controlling working hypothesis in psychology" (Dewey 1896: 357); though the arc, Dewey insisted, is misunderstood if not viewed in broader organic-adaptive context.
	www.iep.utm.edu /b/behavior.htm (7032 words)

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