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Topic: Reflexive modernization

	REFLEXIVITY
		"Reflexive modernization" means self-confrontation with the effects of risk that cannot be dealt with and assimilated in the system of industrial society—as measured by the latter's institutionalized standards.
		Modern conditions outside their purview were proceeding toward novelty that they did not anticipate or plan for.
		Reflexive modernization contradicts this "instrumental optimism." (180) It puts on our agenda a number of arguments that demand answers that simple modernity would be unable to advance.
	webpages.ursinus.edu /rrichter/becketalnotes.htm (4865 words)

	Reflexivity and the Self in the 21st Century
		Aesthetic reflexivity is people making their own choices about their lives, being eclectic in their tastes and lifestyles, seeking to be a different individual from the masses, deepening their individuality through non-traditional choices.
		Aesthetic reflexivity is embodied in the background assumptions, in the unarticulated practices in which meaning is routinely created in `new' communities - in subcultures (hip hop, rap, boy bands, MTV, golf, sports, etc) in imagined communities and in the `invented communities' of, for example, ecological and other late twentieth-century social movements.
		Thus the reflexive project of the self passes via the mediation of `new systems that penetrate day-to-day life and offer multiple choices rather than fixed guidelines for action (via the traditional church, family, society)' as used to be the case up to the 1960’s.(1991a: 84).
	www.emayzine.com /infoage/lectures/reflexivity.htm (800 words)

	Reflexive modernization - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Reflexive modernization is a process of modernization that is characteristic of risk society whereby progress is achieved through reorganization and reform.
		Science and technology as it is used for the purpose of reflexive modernization is less concerned with expanding the resource base, but rather with re-evaluating that which is already being used by society.
		Examples of reflexive modernization that have recently gained political momentum are sustainability and the precautionary principle.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Reflexive_modernization (170 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Modernization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		modernization, modernization theory A term and approach that came into widespread use in the early 1960s, as a consequence of the efforts by a group of development specialists in the United States to develop an alternative to the Marxist account of social development.
		reflexive modernization A term devised by the German social theorist Ulrich Beck, which refers to the way in which advanced modernity ‘becomes its own theme’, in the sense that ‘questions of the development and employment of technologies (in the realms of nature, society and...
		Modernization and representation reinforcement: an essay in memory of John Hart Ely.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Modernization&StartAt=1 (700 words)

	SOZIALE SYSTEME - Michael Power - From Risk Society to Audit Society
		Hence, the concept of 'reflexive modernization' is intended to express trends in which existing monopolies of knowledge and politics are breaking down and being replayed into themselves.
		Reflexive modernization means the recognition of the self-origination of threats such that side effects can be reconnected to their contexts of production.
		Reflexive observation takes as its object the risks which lie within the very structures of observation which determine the sensitivity of social systems to their latent effects.
	www.soziale-systeme.ch /leseproben/power.htm (6855 words)

	Framing participatory inquiry in terms of ‘reflexivity’
		Beck’s reflexive modernization is worth considering since it highlights on a larger scale the phenomenon of reflexivity that is of importance in individuals and groups.
		Considering reflexive modernity may enhance a facilitator’s recognition of the effects of scientization, underlying assumptions needing questioning and the tendency to grasp for certainty.
		If there is reflexivity, along with the symmetry of relations, vulnerability and openness to others’ points of view, authentic questioning one’s own perspective, then there is increased potential for transformation, in which the issue in question can take on new meaning to the person and their identity.
	www.regional.org.au /au/apen/2006/refereed/4/3100_adlongwp.htm (4420 words)

	Ulrich Beck and Danilo Zolo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Just as in the nineteenth century industrial modernization dissolved and overcame the corporate system of rural society, in the same way global modernization is doomed to overcome, according to you, contemporary ‘nation-state’ policies and the late capitalist economy.
		But what is being questioned in reflexive modernity is that we do have basic answers to the challenges and global risks modernity produces itself: more and better technology, more and better economic growth, more and better functional differentiation, and the challenges – unemployment, destruction of nature, ego-society and so on – will be solved.
		Second modernity means we have to situate the non-Western world firmly within the ambit of 'Modernization of Modernization' and therefore allows a pluralisation of modernity.
	www.cc.nctu.edu.tw /~cpsun/zolobeck.htm (5673 words)

	"Reflexive Modernization" is the possibility of a creative self-destruction of industrial society (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		"Reflexive modernization" is the self-application of modernity principle to modernity, i.
		That is, "modernization undercuts modernity," unintended and unseen, and reflection-free, with the force of autonomized modernization.
		The notion of aesthetic reflexivity is essential in understanding reflexivity of modernity, and the notion of hermeneutic reflexivity is necessary for understanding the emergence of neo-communal practices in the contemporary world.
	www.lancs.ac.uk /postgrad/jijh1/writings/article/ref_mod.htm (9883 words)

	SAR Press- Critical Anthropology Now- Excerpt
		Reflexive modernization is a social theoretical construct raised in response to the long-standing intellectual trend of the late 1970s through the present of speaking in terms of postmodernism and positing a present era of postmodernity.
		In clarifying and amending theories of the postmodern, the construct of reflexive modernization proposes that the modernity characteristic of industrial society is succeeded by a modernity that involves living with irreducible contingency, living in a more complex and less controllable world.
		In the other version of reflexive modernization, the failure of simple self-monitoring is acknowledged, contingency as a social condition is so profound as to be natural, and reflexivity is a far more critical enterprise with increased possibilities for the self-transformation of persons and systems in modernity.
	www.sarweb.org /press/books/seminars/criticalanthroexcerpt3.htm (1157 words)

	Untitled
		According to this theory, the modernization of social relations is the process in which economics and politics, the parts of the system based on the control media of money and power, separate from the lifeworld, communicatively determined spheres of culture, society and personality.
		For a general theory of modernization of social relations which is not from the start restricted to "pathological" manifestations of capitalism, Habermas' model must be altered and extended to allow differing cases of one-sided incursions and also cases of relative equilibrium to be taken into account.
		The modernity and modernization capacity of a society are expressed, in the first place, in the strength of the rationality cycle.
	www2.rz.hu-berlin.de /gemenskap/inhalt/publikationen/arbeitspapiere/ahe_05.html (6122 words)

	Grin u. a.: The praxis of reflexive design - 2004
		Governmentally stimulated modernisation led to a very rapid pace of rationalization (Bieleman 2000), decreasing the primary sector's share in the labour force from 19 % in 1947 to 5 % in 1990, while the amount of capital goods (machines; cattle; buildings) increased by 80 % and the labour force decreased by 60 %.
		Yet, the degree of reflexivity was significantly reduced by the decision to drop the manure belts and, as a result, the extensive use of straw.
		Reflexive modernization is driven by the desire to use scientific knowledge and rational understanding so as to adequately deal with the side effects created by such modernizations processes.
	www.itas.fzk.de /tatup/042/grua04a.htm (4397 words)

	Risk society Summary
		Modern society operates as a "laboratory" in which no one in particular must answer for the negative effects of technological experimentation.
		In introducing the notions of "unintended consequences and unawareness" into his theory of reflexive modernity instead of emphasizing the "knowledge," as Giddens and Lash do, Beck recognizes that there are areas of unknowability, contingency, and ignorance.
		Concepts that demonstrate reflexive modernization are sustainability and the precautionary principle that focus on preventative measures to decrease levels of risk.
	www.bookrags.com /Risk_society (2219 words)

	Reflexive Modernization and Systematically Distorted Communications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The engines of modern progress -industrial expansion allied to technical innovation and the mastery of nature by science, institutionally integrated by a bureaucratically structured state apparatus, generate risks which undermine their bases of legitimacy and indeed the very idea of progress itself.
		Instances of reflexivity provoked by conditions of uncertainty in the risk society are moments where the ‘truth’ is in question and where a new consensus may be built.
		Beck’s thesis of reflexivity notwithstanding, or at least while we await its fuller realisation, we should expect no more from corporations then that they utilise whatever powers are at their disposal to ruthlessly pursue their private interests.
	www.ucc.ie /acad/socio/papers/kkepah.htm (5908 words)

	REFLEXIVITY
		Modernity based on Enlightenment notions was not what people had been led to think it was.
		Reflexive modernization is disorganizing the familiar structures of politics and capitalism.
		To repeat, the fundamental insight is that reflexive modernization represents an historic shift in the direction of energy in Western capitalist society.
	webpages.ursinus.edu /rrichter/becketal.htm (2092 words)

	Institut für Sozialforschung Frankfurt am Main
		Furthermore, the material benefits of the modern "knowledge economy," which could provide an economic basis for improving the living conditions of broad sections of the population, are instead increasingly and one-sidedly concentrated in the hands of shareholders and professional elites, all in the name of a "shareholder value" capitalism.
		A second area, in which we want to examine the paradoxes of capitalist modernization, is the sphere of gainful employment in the industrial and service sectors.
		There is hardly another sphere where these paradoxes manifest themselves so palpably as here, where the raised quality standards of certain forms of labor, their increasing autonomization and demand upon workers, has been accompanied by a rapidly moving process of deregulation and flexibilization.
	www.ifs.uni-frankfurt.de /english/paradox.htm (937 words)

	Ecocritique in Context:
		Modernization is forced to become reflexive, because it is making, and it already has remade, technology/democracy/capitalism into its own environment.
		While the classical narratives of rationalization underpinning modernization presume greater command, control, communication, and intelligence come from applying more rationality to life, the experiences of living amidst past, on-going, and planned exercises of rationalization bring many consequences beyond anyone's command, control, communication or intelligence.
		Modern chemical revolutions with all of their toxic by-products are highly technified economic actions.
	www.cddc.vt.edu /tps/e-print/Tim601.htm (6951 words)

	Everywhere and Nowhere. Chap 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		He identifies Western society's current phase of development "reflexive modernization" because it is characterized by the way industrial society's technological and institutional processes of modernization make their mark on today's risk society (Beck 1992).
		Such reflexive awareness is the foundation for the construction of a social reality in which experiential and behaviorial knowledge (or knowledge of reflection-in-action) is used to explain and interpret the reality itself.
		Modern society's entire construction and mode of operation/ function are built upon the use of abstract systems which also influence each individual's acquisition of knowledge and competense of reflection-in-action.
	folk.uio.no /ninie/everywhere-1.html (5654 words)

	K.U.Leuven- Faculty of Social Sciences Library
		Reflexive modernity and styles of volunteering: the case of the Flemish Red Cross volunteers
		In addition, a new analytical framework of ‘collective and reflexive styles of volunteering’ (the ‘SOV-complex’) is advanced to reflect four central principles concerning form and content of present-day volunteering.
		Reflexive modernization: about the epochal irritations caused by the victorious industrial project of modernity.......
	bib.kuleuven.be /sbib/doctoraten/doct9995223_e.html (1173 words)

	Ulrich Beck - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He studies modernization, ecological problems, individualization and globalization.
		Recently he has also embarked on exploring the changing conditions of work in a world of increasing global capitalism, declining influence of unions and flexibilisation of the labor process.
		Since 1999 he has been the speaker of the DFG research programme on Reflexive Modernity.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ulrich_Beck (475 words)

	STC \| Cooper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		To attempt an 'overview' of this work immediately lands the would-be summariser in a reflexive dilemma about his or her own representational practice: for the mode of presentation chosen will be seen to entail the denial of or subscription to some of the claims made by those who write in 'new literary forms'.
		For example, embedded reflexivity can itself differentially be seen in structural or cognitive terms: in the latter case the stress would fall on the observer's reflection upon his or her degree of engagement in the phenomena of interest.
		Collins (1990) brings out the implications of this: for if reflexivity in SSK is seen to arise in respect of the symmetry between scientific and social scientific representation, then the assertion that texts should in some way engage in reflexivity depends on the individual, and the individual text being taken as the relevant unit.
	www.english.vt.edu /~jcollier/stc/cooper.htm (6780 words)

	Reading List
		Beck's goals -- the institutionalization of reflexive self-criticism and the democratization of risk decisions -- are worthy ones.
		However, his analysis of the state of modern society leaves a little to be desired.
		I am always skeptical of statements that we are entering a new era, as they nearly always take some current trends and blow them up, creating the appearance of a breaking point and projecting their favored process into the future as the dominant shaper of society.
	www.brunchma.com /~acsumama/reading/2003_03_01_readingarchive.html (687 words)

	Ecocritique in Context:
		Modernization is forcing many agencies and structures, to become reflexive, because it is making, and it already has remade, technology/democracy/capitalism into an environment.
		Political liberalism and democracy, as Fukuyama claims, combines "a rule of law that recognizes certain individual rights or freedoms from government control" (1992: 42) with "the right held universally by all citizens to have a share of political power, that is, the right of all citizens to vote and participate in politics" (1992: 43).
		Convergence theories of modernization once thought this outcome would be true, and some still see evidence of tendencies in this direction in technoscientific artifacts, but the highly variegated nature of urban forms, civic cultures, social values, and political practices all around the world does not support Virilio's assertions.
	www.cddc.vt.edu /tim/tims/Tim653.htm (6409 words)

	Leithart.com \| Reflexive modernization
		Modernization within the horizon of experience of pre-modernity is being displaced by reflexive modernization.
		Modernization within the paths of industrial society is being replaced by a modernization of the principles of industrial society.
		It is this antagonism opening up between industrial society and modernity that distorts our attempts at a 'social mapping,' since we are so thoroughly accustomed to conceiving of modernity within the categories of industrial society.
	www.leithart.com /archives/001883.php (395 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		In their remarkably similar views, the project of modernity is a time of radicalization and renewal, in contrast to the postmodernist perspective which sees it as a time of fragmentation and dispersal.
		An in-depth examination of the first theme of reflexive modernization, reflexivity, is followed by an explanation of the concept itself, given its importance in recent years and its replacement of post-modernity as the dominant concept.
		The nature of risk in modern society is examined and the opposing relationship between security and danger, trust and risk is discussed, as well as the emergence of the institutionalization of risk in modern society and the main characteristics and kinds of risk.
	mahmoudeid.cgpublisher.com /product/pub.25/prod.13 (286 words)

	Reflexive Modernisierung - Analysen zur (Selbst-)Transformation der industriellen Moderne / SFB 536
		The collaborative research centre 536 "Reflexive Modernization" is an interdisciplinary research group established in 1999.
		Modernity has not vanished, but it is becoming increasingly problematic.
		In first or simple modernity, at least the principles and coordinates of change itself appear to be ultra-stable.
	www.innovations-report.com /html/reports/dfg_humanities/report-3269.html (452 words)

	Misa, et al. Modernity and Technology
		In Andrew Feenberg's "Modernity Theory and Technology Studies," the proposed reconciliation is less a question of a dialectical approach than it is of a combined approach.
		Looking at the clock, which has long been considered to be a defining technological feature of modern life, Murata removes the device from the western context which has defined much of its study and focuses on two case-studies: the reception of the clock in China and Japan.
		The strength of the POLIS model, Khan argues, is that it presents a more dynamic understanding of technological modernization which relies not simply on an infusion of money and/or skill, but on an intimate sociocultural relationship with technological artifacts that is able to generate the reflexive loop that is needed to fuel innovation and development.
	reconstruction.eserver.org /BReviews/revModTech.htm (1487 words)

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