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Topic: Reflux esophagitis

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	SSAT: Surgical Treatment of Reflux Esophagitis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Patients with documented reflux esophagitis who are dependent on continuous medical therapy, cannot be controlled by medical therapy, or have regurgitation and aspiration of gastric contents into the tracheobronchial tree, can be effectively treated by a surgical procedure directed at creating an effective functional lower esophageal sphincter.
		Barrett's esophagitis is a consequence of acid reflux, and is associated with an increased risk of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus.
		Prior to planning surgery, esophageal manometry is an important investigation to determine the function of the lower esophageal sphincter and to evaluate the peristaltic activity in the body of the esophagus.
	www.jhbmc.jhu.edu /Surgery/gensurg/centers/ssat_gerd.html (1273 words)

	Gastroesophageal reflux disease - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD; or GORD when spelling oesophageal, the BE form) is the retrograde flow of gastric juice (gastric acid) and/or duodenal contents (bile acids; pancreatic juice) into the distal esophagus, commonly due to incompetence of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES).
		The most prominent symptom of GERD is heartburn, the sensation of burning pain in the chest coming upward towards the mouth caused by reflux of acidic contents from the stomach to the esophagus.
		The upper part of the stomach is wrapped around the LES to strengthen the sphincter and prevent acid reflux and to repair a hiatal hernia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gastroesophageal_reflux_disease (1447 words)

	Esophagitis and Stricture
		Acid reflux from the stomach, however, is by far the most common cause of the condition.
		When esophagitis is severe and ulcers are present, swallowing may cause pain when food reaches this part of the esophagus.
		Esophagitis usually can be treated easily with a conservative program of medical care.
	www.gicare.com /pated/ecdgs05.htm (990 words)

	Journal of Family Practice: Gastroesophageal reflux disease in adults: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management
		Strictly speaking, however, reflux esophagitis is a subset of GERD in which there is evidence of esophageal inflammation demonstrated either by gross inspection during endoscopy or by microscopic examination of biopsy specimens.
		Increasingly, abnormalities of this esophageal clearance mechanism are being recognized as important factors in the genesis of reflux esophagitis.
		About 50% of patients with reflux esophagitis exhibit impaired esophageal peristalsis.[11] It is still not certain, however, whether peristaltic abnormalities represent a primary motility disturbance in GERD or are the result of esophagitis, fibrosis, and secondary impairment of esophageal muscle function.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0689/is_n6_v35/ai_13340292 (1289 words)

	Postgraduate Medicine: Peptic Acid Disease Symposium: Complications of gastroesophageal reflux disease
		Stein and associates (2) found that a mechanically defective lower esophageal sphincter was present in 65% of patients with esophagitis, 89% of those with esophageal stricture, and 93% of patients with Barrett's esophagus.
		Esophageal ulcerations seen in reflux esophagitis are usually located distally and can vary in appearance from a solitary ulcer to confluent areas of ulceroerosion.
		The risk of esophageal carcinoma in patients with Barrett's esophagus is 30 to 50 times higher than in the general population and is proportional to the extent of columnar metaplasia.
	www.postgradmed.com /issues/1996/11_96/clark.htm (2831 words)

	NGC - NGC Summary
		Refluxed material can be aspirated into the larynx, causing hoarseness, or into the tracheobronchial tree causing wheezing and coughing.
		Barrett's esophagus, a consequence of chronic reflux, is associated with an increased risk of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus.
		Esophageal manometry is important prior to planning surgery to evaluate lower esophageal sphincter function and peristaltic activity in the body of the esophagus.
	www.guideline.gov /summary/summary.aspx?view_id=1&doc_id=5511 (1111 words)

	American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy :: Member Site (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Gastroesophageal reflux, along with its clinical correlate, "heartburn," is one of the most common digestive disorders and probably accounts for the largest consumption of over-the-counter antacids.
		Gastroesophageal reflux, along with its major symptom, heartburn, is the most common disorder of the esophagus, the major indication for consumption of antacids, and probably the most prevalent clinical condition originating from the gastrointestinal tract.
		The pathophysiology of GERD results from a complex interplay of several factors including the reflux barrier provided by the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and crural diaphragm, the ability of the esophagus to clear refluxed material, the volume of gastric contents, intrinsic resistance to injury of the esophageal epithelium, and the presence of a hiatal hernia.
	www.asge.org /nspages/practice/patientcare/94-reflux.cfm (2436 words)

	1996 May 10, Sci.med.aids mailing list - Esophagitis and Hiatal Hernia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Esophagitis refers to inflammation and irritation that occurs in the lower esophagus.
		Studies have shown reflux esophagitis to be present in up to 13% of the general population.
		Esophagitis is commonly associated with a nonserious condition known as hiatal hernia.
	www.hsph.harvard.edu /Organizations/healthnet/HIV/docs/scimed/SciMed00170.html (981 words)

	Esophagitis -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Esophagitis is (A response of body tissues to injury or irritation; characterized by pain and swelling and redness and heat) inflammation of the (The passage between the pharynx and the stomach) esophagus.
		The most common cause is (additional info and facts about gastroesophageal reflux disease) gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
		Physical injury resulting from ((medicine) the treatment of disease (especially cancer) by exposure to radiation from a radioactive substance) radiation therapy or by (additional info and facts about nasogastric tube) nasogastric tubes may also be responsible.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/e/es/esophagitis.htm (143 words)

	► Esophagitis
		Esophagitis is inflammation, irritation, and swelling of the esophagus, the tube that leads from the back of the mouth to the stomach.
		Esophagitis is frequently caused by backflow of acid-containing fluid from the stomach to the esophagus (gastroesophageal reflux).
		Esophageal infection can be caused by viruses (such as herpes or cytomegalovirus) and fungi or yeast (especially Candida infections).
	www.umm.edu /ency/article/001153.htm (212 words)

	AllRefer Health - Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD, Heartburn - Chronic, Peptic Esophagitis, Reflux Esophagitis)
		Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is when food or liquid travels from the stomach back up into the esophagus (the tube from the mouth to the stomach).
		In some people, the reflux is related to a problem with the lower esophageal sphincter, a band of muscle fibers that usually closes off the esophagus from the stomach.
		Some conditions are associated with incompetent esophageal sphincters, including pregnancy, hiatal hernia, obesity, recurrent or persistent vomiting and nasogastric tubes.
	health.allrefer.com /health/gastroesophageal-reflux-disease-info.html (391 words)

	Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease ( GERD ) and Heart Burn
		Gastro esophageal reflux disease(GERD) is the condition where degree of exposure of esophageal mucosa to gastric contents is greater than normal.
		The modern concept of reflux esophagitis appears to emerge in a publication by Winkelstein in 1935 when he said: Ò One canÕt escape the suspicion that the disease in these cases is possibly a peptic esophagitis i.e.
		Reflux symptoms may be reduced simply by elevating the head end of the bed or by using a wedge under upper body.
	www.diagnosishealth.com /gerd.htm (1573 words)

	SSAT - Physician Guidelines - Surgical Treatment of Reflux Esophagitis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In most cases, the underlying cause of reflux is a defective lower esophageal sphincter.
		The diagnosis of GERD and the determination of the extent of damage to the esophageal epithelium may require a series of investigations.
		Surgery should be considered for patients who do not respond to medical therapy, have complications of gastroesophageal reflux (such as a stricture), are non-compliant with medical therapy, or are totally dependent upon medical treatment to prevent recurrence of their symptoms.
	www.ssat.com /cgi-bin/geref.cgi?affiliation=media&referer= (1535 words)

	Adult Health Advisor 2005.2: Reflux Esophagitis
		Reflux esophagitis is inflammation of the lower part of the esophagus.
		Reflux esophagitis happens when the acid contents of the stomach flow back into your esophagus and cause heartburn.
		In severe cases of esophagitis, in which symptoms continue in spite of treatment, a surgical procedure called fundoplication may be considered.
	www.med.umich.edu /1libr/aha/aha_esophagi_crs.htm (611 words)

	Reflux Treatment Guide for Infants and Children
		Gastroesophageal reflux, or spitting up, is a common problem in infants and children and usually begins in the first weeks of life.
		Reflux is usually caused by the valve or muscle at the upper end of the stomach being immature and allowing feedings to come back up.
		Living With Reflux: A support group for families that are dealing with reflux (GERD).
	www.keepkidshealthy.com /welcome/treatmentguides/reflux.html (622 words)

	Gastrointestinal Reflux Disease (GERD)
		Cardia inflammation was significantly related to esophageal squamous inflammation in the non-HP-infected patient group and to antral inflammation and cardia HP infection in the HP-infected patient group.
		We analyzed esophageal biopsy specimens from 349 children (median age, 5 years) subdivided in 4 groups according to the previous routine histology report: group 1, 144 children with esophagitis; group 2, 65 controls; group 3, 51 children with dubious esophagitis; and group 4, 75 children with esophagitis on endoscopy but a normal histology report.
		Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a risk factor for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus, a rare cancer whose incidence is increasing.
	www.thedoctorsdoctor.com /diseases/gerd.htm (3316 words)

	Reflux Esophagitis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		I provide care for individuals with gastroesophageal reflux disease consisting of one of the most experienced surgeons in Oklahoma, state-of-the-art equipment and facilities, and a caring compassionate staff.
		Gastroesophageal reflux occurs when the LES relaxes too frequently allowing acid from the stomach to flow backward into the esophagus.
		Although most cases of gastroesophageal reflux are caused by a weakened valve, there are other causes that need to be assessed by your doctor.
	www.okcdoctors.com /reif/reflux_esophagitis.htm (534 words)

	SSAT - Physician Guidelines - Surgical Treatment of Reflux Esophagitis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		A surgical procedure directed at creating a functional lower esophageal sphincter is also an effective treatment for patients whose reflux esophagitis is either dependent upon or uncontrolled by continuous medical therapy.
		Patients with typical gastroesophageal reflux symptoms should initially be managed by lifestyle modifications.
		Foods and beverages that can relax the lower esophageal sphincter should be avoided, including chocolate, peppermint, fatty foods, coffee, and alcoholic beverages.
	www.ssat.com /cgi-bin/geref.cgi?affiliation=media&referer= (1535 words)

	Manifestations of Bile Reflux Esophagitis
		Bile induced esophagitis may be present in patients who have undergone a total gastrectomy without a subsequent Roux procedure, in patients with a Billroth II procedure, and in those suffering from atrophic gastritis associated with achlorhydria.
		Eleven patients (92%) had a patulous lower esophageal sphincter; two patients (17%) had Barrett's Esophagus; three patients (25%) had linear erythema and erosions (grades I and II erosive esophagitis); one patient (8%) had a Schatzki's ring associated with linear erythema; and two patients (17%) had a diffuse exudative esophagitis secondary to an efferent loop obstruction.
		When reflux symptoms are present and studies such as 24 hour pH monitoring is normal, consider ambulatory bilirubin monitoring or the use of isotope meal to confirm the presence of bile induced gastroesophageal reflux disease.
	www.webgerd.com /Abstract26.htm (443 words)

	eMedicine - Esophagitis : Article by Andrew S Chu, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Radiation- and chemotherapy-induced esophagitis and esophagitis secondary to epidermolysis bullosa are encountered very rarely in the pediatric population.
		Esophageal pH probe monitoring can be used to document the severity of GER on the day of the study, but it does not necessarily indicate that esophagitis is present.
		With infectious esophagitis in the immunocompromised patient, such as a child with cancer, EGD with biopsy may be a valuable tool in helping to manage esophagitis in children with fever.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/topic714.htm (6023 words)

	Postgraduate Medicine: Gastroesophageal reflux disease
		astroesophageal reflux disease is caused by the combination of excess reflux of gastric juice and impaired clearance of this refluxate from the esophagus.
		Reflux esophagitis can be identified on double-contrast barium swallow examination by a nodular or granular appearance of the mucosa or by findings of thickened folds, shallow ulcerations, peptic strictures, or all of these.
		In contrast, patients with frequent or unrelenting symptoms or esophagitis, or both, should be treated from the outset with a PPI once or twice daily as appropriate.
	www.postgradmed.com /issues/2001/09_01/kaynard.htm (3386 words)

	reflux esophagitis (GERD) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Reflux esophagitis (commonly referred to nowadays as GERD or
		isease) is the condition caused when acid from the stomach refluxes, or flows backwards up into the esophagus, or food tube.
		We now have a number of tools to accurately diagnose, and more importantly, medicines to effectively treat reflux esophagitis.
	www.sleeptight.com /EncyMaster/R/reflux_esophagitis.html (205 words)

	American Family Physician: Proton pump inhibitors and recurrent reflux esophagitis - Tips from Other Journals
		Patients with healed reflux esophagitis who were placed on maintenance therapy with a proton pump inhibitor were compared with patients who received no maintenance therapy unless they had a recurrence within one year.
		Using data from long-term clinical trials with lansoprazole, a specific analysis of patients with erosive reflux esophagitis was performed.
		Patients with the most severe disease (grade 4 esophagitis) should probably receive maintenance therapy from the outset, as should patients with more modest disease (grade 2 or grade 3 esophagitis) who experience significant decline in the quality of life secondary to the esophagitis.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3225/is_n1_v56/ai_19617704 (507 words)

	Medical Dictionary: Reflux esophagitis - CureResearch.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Reflux esophagitis (condition): The term "heartburn" refers to the pain in the esophagus or chest that occurs when stomach acid is refluxed up into the throat (see reflux).
		Chronic heartburn is indicative of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD).
		Reflux esophagitis: Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) does not close properly, and stomach contents splash back, or reflux, into the esophagus.
	www.cureresearch.com /medical/reflux_esophagitis.htm (417 words)

	Reflux Esophagitis - PetPlace.com
		Reflux esophagitis is an inflammation of the esophagus that results from the backward flow of gastric or intestinal fluid into the esophagus.
		Hiatal hernia is a protrusion of abdominal contents into the chest cavity through the esophageal hiatus, which is the naturally occurring opening through the diaphragm.
		Reflux esophagitis is seen in both dogs and cats.
	www.petplace.com /articles/artshow.asp?artID=4735 (474 words)

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