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	Lord Grey - 1832 Reform Act
		Reform was too tainted with the fear of a revolution to be acceptable in Britain as long as France remained the national enemy.
		In this respect, the accusation that the Reform Bill was a scheme to increase the power of the Whigs at the expense of the Tories has some substance, and it is in line with what has been said of Grey's objectives in the 1790s.
		Opinions differ as to whether failure to pass reform in 1832 would have led to revolution, but it is certain that Grey's success in achieving reform in 1832 restored the stability of the country and set a precedent for peaceful change rather than revolutionary upheaval during the troubled times of the nineteenth century.
	www.users.globalnet.co.uk /~semp/lordgrey.htm (2380 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Reform Bills
		Reform Bills, series of 19th- and 20th-century enactments of the British Parliament that resulted in electoral reforms.
		The Reform Bill of 1832 was the first successful attempt to correct these inequities.
		Although the bill was a moderate compromise, it was defeated...
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Reform_Bills.html (205 words)

	Reform Act 1832 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It met strong opposition from the Tories, who had defeated earlier bills, and it required pressure on William IV and the resignation of Earl Grey's Whig government to pass.
		During the third reading in the Commons, the motion was carried with a government majority of one vote.
		Despite the hopes of Lord John Russell that further reform would never be necessary, popular pressure led to greater changes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Reform_Act_1832 (595 words)

	Reform Act - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Reform Act 1832 (The "First" or "Great" Reform Act), which disenfranchised most of the rotten boroughs and gave representation to previously unrepresented urban areas like Birmingham and Leeds.
		Municipal Reform Act 1835 required members of town councils to be elected by ratepayers and councils to publish their financial accounts
		Reform Act 1867 (The "Second" Reform Act), which widened the franchise, and adjusted representation to be more equitable.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Reform_Bill (228 words)

	Explaining the Historical Process
		The passage of the Reform Bill may be defined in a shorthand way as the procedure of voting by Parliament, and approval by King William IV, of a law changing the qualifications for voting in British elections and redistributing seats in the House of Commons.
		Preliminary Sketch of the Hierarchy of Elements for the Passage of the Reform Bill Of 1832
		In the Reform Bill proceedings, the House of Lords and the monarchy are often mutually augmentative; the political unions and the Reform Whigs work in tandem; Brougham and Russell and Palmerston enhance each other’s roles.
	www.religion-online.org /showarticle.asp?title=2480 (9439 words)

	Encyclopedia: Reform Act 1832 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A third reading is the stage of a legislative process in which a bill is read with all amendments and given final approval by a legislative body.
		Perth was a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1708 until 1950.
		The Reform Act 1867 (also known as the Second Reform Act) was a piece of British legislation that greatly increased the number of men who could vote in elections in the UK.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Reform-Act-1832 (4044 words)

	the first reform bill (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The First Reform Bill of 1832 serves as an accurate representation of the turmoil that characterized this time, the aptly-named decade of reform.
		The Reform Bill of 1832, also know as the “Representation of the People Act,” was chiefly drawn up by Lord John Russell and introduced to the House of Commons in March 1831 (McCarthy 50).
		Grey, the bill’s primary proponent, later stressed that his major objective had been to simply reduce the social and political tensions and to restore confidence in the government and its roles.
	athena.english.vt.edu /~jmooney/3044annotations2a-g/firstreformbill.html (1253 words)

	The Difference Dictionary:R
		After the passing of the Reform bill of 1832, a number of radicals, dissatisfied with the extent of its reform, kept continual but ineffective pressure on the Whigs to extend the franchise to the working class.
		Organized members of the working class were not in sympathy with them, due to their support of the Poor Law of 1834 and their hostility to the Chartists.
		Reform Act of 1832 - Ended the monopoly on political power enjoyed in England by the aristocratic landowner, and extended power to the bourgeois middle class.
	www.sff.net /people/gunn/dd/r.htm (460 words)

	Smith, Bruce, Liberty and Liberalism, Chapter 4: Library of Economics and Liberty
		The condition of English representation, in 1832, previous to the great Reform Bill of that year, was of an extraordinary nature, and it is somewhat surprising that it should have been allowed thus to drift so far away from a condition of even approximate justice and equity to the different classes of the community.
		Again, in 1757, a bill was passed to prohibit the exportation of corn, and many other articles of commerce, because it was feared that there might be a dearth, and consequent distress to the poorer classes.
		It was O'Connell who asked for leave in the former year to introduce a bill to establish triennial parliaments, universal suffrage, and vote by ballot; and, in 1832, Lord Durham did his utmost to have a provision, dealing with the subject of voting by ballot, introduced into the Reform Bill.
	www.econlib.org /LIBRARY/YPDBooks/SmithB/smbLL4.html (12681 words)

	1832 Reform Act
		On 22nd September 1831, the House of Commons passed the Reform Bill.
		On 7th May 1832, Grey and Henry Brougham met the king and asked him to create a large number of Wigg peers in order to get the Reform Bill passed in the House of Lords.
		I was in at the death of this Conservative plot, and the triumph of the Bill!
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /PR1832.htm (1629 words)

	The Great Reform Bill in England: 1815-1832 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The principle problem that attracted their attention was the antiquated nature of the electoral franchise which gave too much representation to old jurisdictions which had become rotten boroughs or were pocket boroughs.
		If this bill should be rejected, I pray to God that none of those who concur in rejecting it may ever remember their votes with unavailing remorse, amidst the wreck of laws, the confusion of ranks, the spoilation of property, and the dissolution of social order.
		This bill was vetoed by the House of Lords.
	cla.calpoly.edu /~mriedlsp/History111/Documents/macaulay.html (980 words)

	CLIO: The absolute spirit comes to Old Sarum: Hegel on the English Reform Bill. (Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel)@ ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel's position on the 1832 English Reform Bill reveals his political conservatism and misunderstanding of British politics.
		Hegel viewed such reforms as forms of revolt, and implied that no change was preferable to expanded popular government.
		In his essay on the English Reform Bill of 1832, Hegel attempts to come to grips with the process of political reform in Britain.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:15633956&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (218 words)

	Democratic reforms in England (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Reform Bill of 1832-Gave the vote to more middle class men instead of just large property owners
		Reform Act of 1867- granted the vote to more members of the working class -doubled the size of the electorate
		Reform of 1884 - gave the vote to rural men- thereby giving the right to vote to most men in England
	www.virtualclassroom.net /tvc/demref/tsld002.htm (58 words)

	Rated property, dwelling houses and Elective Franchises:
		The Reform Bill of 1832 provided for the redistribution of parliamentary seats, and virtually tripled the electorate.
		It disenfranchised 56 boroughs, among them the so-called rotten boroughs, some of which had no population at all, and those known as pocket boroughs, in which the number of representatives had been controlled by aristocratic landowners.
		On the whole, the Reform Bill of 1832 resulted in the transfer of political power from the landowning aristocrats to the middle class, and in the subordination of the House of Lords to the popular will.
	www.thepotteries.org /borough/016_rated.htm (240 words)

	Self-Study Questions - A:
		The Reform Bill (1832) in Britain was as important for the revolution it averted as for the rather modest alterations it produced.
		Social reformers had important successes in the cr usade to alleviate the worst conditions under which the British working classes labored.
		Reformers condemned the idea of unbridled liberal economic theory and drew attention to the need for social legislation.
	web.jjay.cuny.edu /~jobrien/quizzes/OB7.html (2108 words)

	Reform Bill Jug - Swansea Heritage Net - History in pictures
		This jug incorporates portraits of two of the main figures involved in establishing the 1832 Parliamentary Reform Bill namely Lord Brougham, and Lord John Russell.
		The Reform Bill of 1832 was the most commemorated political event of the nineteenth century in Britain, and was the result of great civil unrest and a desire for Parliamentary change after the Napoleonic wars.
		The jug is white and made from earthenware, its patterns, such as the floral wreaths, the wording 'Royal Assent to the Reform Bill, 7 June 1832', and the two portraits are all transfer printed on underglaze fl.
	www.swanseaheritage.net /article/gat.asp?ARTICLE_ID=108 (155 words)

	Charles Grey Biography / Biography of Charles Grey Biography Biography
		The Whig support of reform and opposition to British participation in the wars of the French Revolution condemned them to long years in opposition.
		It was not until 1806 that they finally achieved office in the coalition ministry of "All the Talents." Grey served as first lord of the Admiralty and, on Fox's death in September 1806, succeeded him as foreign secretary and leader of the party.
		He insisted on a bill broad enough to satisfy public opinion and resisted all efforts to water it down.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-charles-grey (565 words)

	The Reform Act of 1832
		The introduction of annual registration as a qualification for voting provided an unintended stimulus to electoral organisation in the constituencies which was a powerful factor in the growth of party activity during the next decade.
		Separate reform acts were passed in 1832 with differing sets of provisions for Scotland (2 and 3 Will.
		The changes effected were greater in Scotland where the franchise had been extremely limited, than in Ireland where the Union Act of 1800 and an act accompanying Catholic Emancipation in 1829 had already made major changes.
	dspace.dial.pipex.com /town/terrace/adw03/peel/refact/refact.htm (922 words)

	Christian Socialism: Part 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Reform in Britain in the early 19th century primarily meant political and constitutional reform.
		The Reform Bill of 1832 began in what now seems to us a very modest way the reform of Parliament.
		Maurice believes that the key to the reform of society lies in the change of attitudes rather than in the change of circumstances, and so he tends to oppose starting with social change.
	www.st-petersweb.org /lesson25.html (1844 words)

	History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Lord Durham was renowned in England for his controversial and liberal philosophies, and was aptly referred to as "Radical Jack".
		He influenced greatly the drafting of the Reform Bill of 1832 and assisted in "The House of Lords".
		The Reform Bill encouraged greater representation in the House of Lords, eroding executive power.
	www.durham.edu.on.ca /s_links/schools/ldurham/history.htm (156 words)

	template (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A design of the famous architect Charles Barry, the Reform Club boasts architectural styles from the Italian Renaissance—Corinthian columns, plenitude of marble statuary, ornate marble floor designs—which constitute a mood of elegance conducive to intellectual and social prowess.
		The Reform Club was formed by the Whig party and their radical allies to celebrate the victory of the Reform Act of 1832.
		Because of the far-reaching consequences of the Reform Act, the Reform Club still requires its members to sign the Reform Bill, stating that he or she is in support of the bill.
	www.uwosh.edu /cambridge/oldsite/journals/kc1.html (457 words)

	Utility, Property, and Political Participation: James Mill on Democratic Reform, by Murray Milgate
		As far as James Mill was concerned, the practical reform of the franchise accomplished in 1832, while tending in the right direction, was a mere "crumb of reform" (1835d, 12).
		In the four years that remained of his life after the First Reform Bill, Mill steadfastly ridiculed the idea that the act of 1832 could be thought of as a final measure.
		What is of importance here is that the practical locus of reform was tied to the people while the locus of the theoretical argument remained where it always had been, with appropriate knowledge, the interests of the community, and the standard-bearers of those interests.
	www.utilitarian.net /jmill/about/19931201.htm (7015 words)

	Broadside entitled 'Reform Bill'
		This broadside appears to have been printed on behalf of the Earl of Haddington and the Duke of Buccleuch, in reaction to an earlier notice that stated that these noblemen had opposed the passing of the Reform Bill.
		The broadside accuses the previous notice of being a deliberate attempt to prejudice the newly expanded electorate against the 'highly talented young candidate', who was probably Lord John Douglas Scott (1809-1860).
		The Parliamentary Reform Bill of 1832 increased the number of Scottish MPs from 45 to 53, and extended the vote in the burghs to households with an annual value of £10.
	www.nls.uk /broadsides/broadside.cfm/id/16650 (237 words)

	Untitled Document
		As a result, the English people developed a stronger sense of nationalism and the feeling that England, which had stood alone against Napoleon for a few harrowing years, was an exception to the general European rule in its political and social systems.
		As a result of the Reform, the number of eligible voters increased by approximately fifty percent.
		The Reform of 1832 established the supremacy of the Commons within the English constitutional system.
	www.ferrum.edu /mtrochim/dickens/reformbill.htm (918 words)

	Smith, Bruce, Liberty and Liberalism, Chapter 3: Library of Economics and Liberty
		The exception was the Reform Bill, which was a protest against the monopoly of parliamentary representation by a class.
		The Commons then persisted in their efforts for its passage, and, in 1673-4, passed two bills, one to prevent the imprisonment of a subject 'beyond seas,' and the other to secure greater expedition in the matter of the writ in criminal matters.
		The Declaration consists of three parts, viz., a recital of the illegal and arbitrary acts of James, and of the consequent vote of abdication; a declaration that such enumerated acts are illegal; and a resolution that the throne shall, subject to certain limitations, be filled by the Prince and Princess of Orange.
	www.econlib.org /library/YPDBooks/SmithB/smbLL3.html (11077 words)

	The early Victorian period (1830-48) was a time of social trou (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Reform Bill of 1832 was passed in response to the demands of the middle classes, who were gradually taking control of England’s economy and who were also committed to technological and industrial change.
		The first result of the Reform Bill of 1832 was the so-called „extension of franchise”, i.e.
		Thus, the passing of the Reform Bill in 1832 represents the beginning of the new age.
	www.icm.edu.pl /home/riesenkampf/zkrypt8.htm (2068 words)

	19th Century Conflict and Change in Canada - Lord Durham
		Durham was elected to Parliament in 1813,he became a cabinet member in 1830,and helped write the reform bill of 1832.
		The reform bill gave most men of the middle class the right to vote.
		When the Whigs came to power in 1830, he was appointed president of a committee mandated to draft a bill on parliamentary reform.
	smcdsb.on.ca /mdy/Durham.htm (488 words)

	[No title]
		Note that this essay was written in the midst of great social and political ferment within Britain, when the question of "who should be allowed to vote" was very much on people's minds.
		The Reform Bill of 1832 had given the franchise (the technical term for the right to vote) to all property-holders (i.e., including the wealthier middle class) but not to workers.
		This political pressure resulted in the passage in 1867 of another Reform Bill that extended the franchise to urban workers.
	www.d.umn.edu /~schilton/1610/Readings/1610.B+DReader.Mill.html (943 words)

	Broadside entitled 'To the Prospective Electors of Roxburghshire'
		The Parliamentary Reform Bill of 1832 increased the voting base in Britain from 6 per cent of the population to 12 per cent.
		Lord John Douglas Scott, (1809-1860), was a prominent Tory and opponent of the Reform Bill.
		Elliot defeated Scott in the first election after the passing of the Reform Bill in 1832, but the tables were turned in the election of 1835.
	www.nls.uk /broadsides/broadside.cfm/id/16618 (300 words)

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