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Topic: Reform Judaism

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	Reform Judaism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Reform Judaism can refer to (1) the largest denomination of Judaism in America and its sibling movements in other countries, (2) a branch of Judaism in the United Kingdom, and (3) the historical predecessor of the American movement that originated in 19th Century Germany.
		The classical approach of Reform Judaism towards halakha was based on the views of Rabbi Samuel Holdheim (1806-1860), leader of Reform Judaism in Germany.
		The Union for Reform Judaism, the central body of the Reform Movement in North America, was founded in Cincinnati in 1873 by Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise as the Union of American Hebrew Congregations.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Reform_Judaism (5932 words)

	Judaism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Judaism has seldom, if ever, been monolithic in practice (although it has always been monotheistic in theology), and differs from many religions in that its central authority is not vested in any person or group but rather in its writings and traditions (known as the Torah).
		Reform Judaism initially defined Judaism as a religion, rather than as a race or culture; rejected most of the ritual ceremonial laws of the Torah while observing moral laws; and emphasized the ethical call of the Prophets.
		In Reform Judaism, prayer is often conducted in the vernacular and men and women have equal roles in religious observance.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Judaism (9037 words)

	Reform Judaism - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Reform Judaism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Reform communities vary, but tend to question the authority of the Talmud (Jewish laws).
		Reform Jews deny that the Jews are a chosen people, and some reject belief in the Messiah, and heaven and hell.
		The Hamburg Temple began conducting services along the lines of the Lutheran Church, and in the USA the Pittsburg platform of 1885 stated that kosher laws, a belief in the future Messiah, belief in heaven and hell, and support for the return to Zion were no longer necessary.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Reform+Judaism (384 words)

	JewishEncyclopedia.com - REFORM JUDAISM FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF THE REFORM JEW: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Reform is, according to Hirsch, not interested in the abolition of ceremony, but it insists that ceremonies be effective as means of religious culture, that they be observed not as ends unto themselves or with a view to obtaining reward, but as expressions of religious feelings and as means of religious instruction.
		Reform Judaism withal does not reduce Judaism to a religion of creed, least of all to a religion of salvation, with the prospect of heavenly rewards or life everlasting for the pious believer.
		Reform Judaism in the United States has renounced the binding authority of the rabbinical codes; it stands for the principle of development and emphasizes the prophetic, universal aspect of the faith.
	www.jewishencyclopedia.com /view.jsp?artid=170&letter=R&search=emancipation (9459 words)

	Reform Judaism
		Reform practice concerning the conversion of non-Jews, marriage between Jews and non-Jews or Reform converts, and the remarriage of divorcees, also differs radically from orthodoxy.
		Reform theologians' responses to the Holocaust include the difficult view that the Jews who died in the concentration camps were sacrificial victims slain to purify a sinful world, and the claim that, through the Holocaust, God paradoxically revealed his will that the Jewish people must survive whatever happens.
		Reform Judaism had its origins in two developments in 18th century Europe which affected the relationship between Jewish communities and the rest of the world.
	philtar.ucsm.ac.uk /encyclopedia/judaism/reform.html (659 words)

	The Tenets of Reform Judaism
		Reform Judaism differs from the other major movements in that it views both the Oral and Written laws as a product of human hands (specifically, it views the Torah as divinely inspired, but written in the language of the time in which it was given).
		Reform's position is that the same requirements must be applied to establish the status of the child of a mixed (interfaith) marriage, regardless of whether the mother or the father is Jewish.
		In Reform Judaism, it is sufficient for the prospective convert (ger) to declare, orally and in writing, in the presence of a rabbi and no less than two lay leaders of the congregation and community, acceptance of the Jewish faith and the intention to live in accordance with its mitzvot.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/Judaism/reform_practices.html (4895 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Reform Judaism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Orthodox Judaism is the stream of Judaism which adheres to a relatively strict interpretation and application of the laws and ethics first canonized in the Talmud (The Oral Law) and later codified in the Shulkhan Arukh (Code of Jewish Law).
		Reconstructionist Judaism is a movement of Judaism with a very liberal set of beliefs: an individuals personal autonomy should generally override traditional Jewish law and custom, yet also take into account communal consensus, modern culture is accepted, traditional rabbinic modes of study, as well as modern scholarship and critical...
		Karaite Judaism is a Jewish denomination characterized by reliance on the Tanakh as the sole scripture, and rejection of the Oral Law (the Mishnah and the Talmud) as halakha (Legally Binding, i.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Reform-Judaism (10391 words)

	Religion & Ethics NewsWeekly . COVER STORY . Reform Judaism . May 21, 1999 \| PBS
		The movement is particularly strong in Reform Judaism, the largest branch of American Jewry, proud of its tradition of freedom of belief and observance, but now divided by a national campaign to put more emphasis on the Torah, Jewish law, and using the Hebrew language in Shabbat -- Sabbath -- services.
		Reform Judaism, the largest liberal Jewish movement in the U.S., is reforming itself.
		Reform is founded on the belief that Judaism has to evolve constantly to keep up with modern times, and that Reform Jews should be able to select those beliefs and practices that feel meaningful.
	www.pbs.org /wnet/religionandethics/week238/cover.html (1339 words)

	MyJewishLearning.com - History & Community: Reform Judaism
		When Reform cohered in the United States in the 1870s, under the leadership of Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise, Reform Judaism was characterized by all-English services and a general shedding of what many saw as practices no longer relevant to a vibrant Jewish life, such as keeping kosher and worshipping in Hebrew.
		While Reform Jews continue to drive on Shabbat, and generally do not wear yarmulkes outside of the synagogue (or sometimes within it), an increasing number are learning Hebrew--even studying for adult bar and bat mitzvahs--observing Shabbat, and even keeping kosher in some form.
		Reform Judaism is known for opening its doors to those who might have otherwise felt unwelcome in a Jewish context. In 1983 the Reform movement ruled that people who were born to a Jewish father but a Gentile mother can be considered Jewish, a departure from the traditional teaching of matrilineal descent.
	www.myjewishlearning.com /history_community/Jewish_World_Today/Denominations/ReformToday.htm (982 words)

	Reform Judaism
		Reform Judaism took root in North America more than 130 years ago under the leadership of Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise, one of several European rabbis who brought the changes in Judaism occurring in Europe to these shores.
		Reform Judaism is now the largest Jewish movement in North America, with more than 900 congregations and 1.5 million people.
		The word "Reform" in the name of our Movement is a recognition that reform is part of our way of life, as it has been for Jews throughout the centuries.
	rj.org (121 words)

	The Origins of Reform Judaism
		Reform Judaism was born at the time of the French Revolution, a time when European Jews were recognized for the first time as citizens of the countries in which they lived.
		Reform Jews also pioneered a number of organizations, such as the Educational Alliance on the Lower East Side of New York, the Young Men's Hebrew Association, the American Jewish Committee and the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai Brith.
		Early Reform Judaism was also antiZionist, believing the Diaspora was necessary for Jews to be "light unto the nations." Nevertheless, a number of Reform rabbis were pioneers in establishing Zionism in America, including Gustav and Richard Gottheil, Rabbi Steven S. Wise (founder of the American Jewish Congress) and Justice Louis Brandeis.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/Judaism/The_Origins_of_Reform_Judaism.html (1014 words)

	Union for Reform Judaism: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The central conference of american rabbis, founded in 1889 is the principal organization of reform judaismjewish rabbis in the united states....
		The north american federation of temple youth (nfty) is the organized youth movement of reform judaism in north america....
		The urj camp george is a camp operated by the union for reform judaism in parry sound, ontario and is a urj camp institute....
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/u/un/union_for_reform_judaism.htm (884 words)

	MyJewishLearning.com - History & Community: Reform Judaism
		Reform Judaism is the religious movement which arose in early nineteenth century Germany with the aim of reinterpreting (or reforming) Judaism in the light of Western thought, values and culture where such a reinterpretation does not come into conflict with Judaism’s basic principles.
		Reform generally came to prefer the term Temple rather than synagogue for its house of prayer in the belief that the Messianic doctrine could no longer be interpreted in terms of personal messiah who would rebuild the Temple.
		Reform spread to America where, at first, the guiding lights were German-born and German-speaking rabbis, prominent among whom was the real organizer of Reform in America, Isaac Mayer Wise (1819-1900).
	www.myjewishlearning.com /history_community/Modern/ModernReligionCulture/MoreEmergence/Reform.htm (664 words)

	Reform Judaism
		Reform Jews contended that, by relaxing Judaism's rules, that reluctant Jews would be more likely to remain true to Judaism.
		Reform Judaism also permitted women and men to sit together in the same pews in synagogue.
		Reform Jewish rabbis concluded that their followers should choose for themselves which religious practices in which they would engage.
	www.ohiohistorycentral.org /entry.php?rec=1534 (416 words)

	Reform Judaism -- A Centenary Perspective
		Reform Jews respond to change in various ways according to the Reform principle of the autonomy of the individual.
		Within each area of Jewish observance Reform Jews are called upon to confront the claims of Jewish tradition, however differently perceived, and to exercise their individual autonomy, choosing and creating on the basis of commitment and knowledge.
		We demand that Reform Judaism be unconditionally legitimized in the State of Israel.
	www.sacred-texts.com /jud/100.htm (1553 words)

	The difference between Reform, Conservative, and Orthodox Judaism - Tracing the Tree of Life - Lawrence Kelemen
		The grandfather of Reform was Moses Mendelssohn (1729-1786).
		Reform passed its lack of Mesorah to Conservative, who bequeathed the same to its left-wing and right-wing splinter groups.
		When Reform Judaism insisted that the various books of the Torah tradition were largely human creations, that had the advantage of allowing unprecedented innovation.
	www.simpletoremember.com /vitals/ReformConservativeOrthodox.htm (2193 words)

	Reform Judaism and the relationship to Deism. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The origins of Reform Judaism lie in the German Enlightenment with both Kant and Moses Mendelssohn (1729-86, a deist) Quoting Karen Armstrong in A History of G-d, It is not difficult for Enlightened Jews to accept the religious philosophy of the German Enlightenment.
		While it's true that reform Judaism is inclusive of a variety of viewpoints in theory, the context paints a more clear picture.
		Judaism believes that for an ideal world there must be a focus on both God and man. Because without a focus on God, all moral values become relative.
	www.sullivan-county.com /id2/judaism.htm (6461 words)

	Reform Judaism from WUJS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		However, Reform Judaism retains a grounding in the reality of God and remains open to new experiences and conceptions of the divine.
		Reform Jews are encouraged to learn about Jewish ritual and to exercise individual choice in determining the way that they will incorporate these rituals into their lives
		The doctrines of Judaism were never tied to phrases and formulations which had to remain unchanged for all men and times, through all revolutions of language, morality, ways of life and circumstances.
	www.wujs.org.il /activist/learning/judaism/reform.shtml (454 words)

	Judaism, Reform Judaism, Reform Jews, What Reform Jews Believe, About Reform Judaism -- Beliefnet.com
		Reform Jews believe in the world to come and a messianic age (but no individual Messiah).
		Judaism holds that human life begins upon first breath, and Jewish law requires abortion if necessary to save the mother's life prior to birth.
		Reform (and Conservative) Judaism have a long history of support for homosexual rights.
	www.beliefnet.com /story/80/story_8054_1.html (420 words)

	Reform
		Distinction between eternally valid ideas of Judaism, and historically contingent elements that must be adapted to the changing circumstances.
		Rabbinic literature is not binding (though could be used as a source of guidance).
		Thus, the 1886 "Pittsburg Platform" typifies the most radical positions of German Reform, rejecting most rituals and defining Jews as a purely religious community, without any national or ethnic component.
	www.ucalgary.ca /~elsegal/363_Transp/04_Reform.html (435 words)

	[No title]
		Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise, the founder of American Reform Judaism, established the Union of American Hebrew Congregations in 1873 (which became the Union for Reform Judaism in 2003) and the Hebrew Union College in 1875.
		Leaders of the Union, CCAR, WUPJ and Women of Reform Judaism serve among the 55 members of HUC-JIR's Board of Governors which comprises 44 lay leaders and 11 alumni.
		Our Jerusalem Learning Center is the headquarters for all Reform Movement activities in Israel and is in the forefront of all efforts toward religious pluralism in the Jewish State.
	www.huc.edu /rj.shtml (1203 words)

	Index to S.C.J. FAQ Section 18: Reform/Progressive Judaism
		Is a Jew affiliated with Reform Judaism less "religious" than one affiliated with another movement?
		How is Reform Judaism structured in the rest of the world?
		Fallacy: Reform Jews don't believe in Zionism and don't support Israel.
	www.shamash.org /lists/scj-faq/HTML/faq/18-index.html (288 words)

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