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Topic: Reformed Esperanto

	ido - Article and Reference from OnPedia.com
		Esperanto's alphabet uses six non-Latin letters, three of which are not found in any other existing language; as a result, Esperanto in typing and in internet e-mail and newsgroups frequently resorts to any of several schemes to represent these special letters.
		Ido, unlike Esperanto, does not assume the masculine gender as the default for family relationship words, and thus does not, for example, derive the word for "sister" by adding a feminine suffix to the word for "brother", as standard Esperanto does.
		Beaufront had himself argued for reforming Esperanto prior to having been selected to the Delegation, and during the proceedings he argued in favor of Esperanto over other languages; his "conversion" to the Ido camp upon the presentation of that language was thus consistent with his earlier positions.
	www.onpedia.com /encyclopedia/ido (1385 words)

	Reformed Esperanto - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Reformed Esperanto was a reformed version of Esperanto created in 1894.
		Reluctantly he decided to present a reformed dialect himself and undertook to continue guiding the community, whether or not reforms were eventually agreed.
		Although Zamenhof initially called his reform a systematic attempt to re-create the language in the light of more than six years of practical experience, scarcely any of the Esperanto community of the time accepted it as a whole.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Reformed_Esperanto (323 words)

	Esperanto and Ido compared - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ido was invented in the early 20th century after a schism between those who believed that Esperanto had inherent flaws that prevented it from being a suitable international auxiliary language, and those who believed that Esperanto was sufficient as it was, and that endless tinkering with a language would only weaken it in the end.
		Esperanto is based on the Fundamento de Esperanto by L.
		They note that many of the changes Ido made to Esperanto were those originally proposed by Zamenhof's Reformed Esperanto, which were ultimately rejected by the majority of the language's speakers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Esperanto_and_Ido_compared (1988 words)

	Ido - the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Esperanto's alphabet uses six non-Latin letters, three of which are not foundin any other existing language; as a result, Esperanto in typing and in internet e-mail and newsgroups frequently resorts to anyof several schemes to represent these special letters.
		Ido, unlike Esperanto, does not assume the masculine gender asthe default for family relationship words, and thus does not, for example, derive the word for "sister" by adding a femininesuffix to the word for "brother", as standard Esperanto does.
		Beaufront had himself argued for reforming Esperanto prior to having been selected to the Delegation, and duringthe proceedings he argued in favor of Esperanto over other languages; his "conversion" to the Ido camp upon the presentation ofthat language was thus consistent with his earlier positions.
	www.encyclopedia-of-knowledge.com /?t=Ido (1521 words)

	Read about Esperanto at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Esperanto and learn about Esperanto here! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Esperanto is not an official language of any country, although there were plans at the beginning of the 20th century to establish Neutral Moresnet as the world's first Esperanto state, and the shortlived
		Esperanto speakers seem to be more numerous in Europe and East Asia than in the Americas, Africa and Oceania, and more numerous in urban than in rural areas (Sikosek 2003).
		Although Esperanto was used for original literature from the very beginning (the first book included an original poem by Zamenhof, along with several translations), it is generally agreed that the first poets and novelists whose works can bear comparison with the better products of national-language traditions emerged during the period between the two World Wars.
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Esperanto (3270 words)

	Ido - Simple English Wikipedia
		They did not like how Esperanto used letters with special marks over them, because that made it hard to type, and they thought that a world language should be easy to learn, and to write.
		Ido is not as popular as Esperanto, but still about 1000 people in the world speak it, and they have a conference every year where people come together and speak the language.
		Ido was made from Esperanto, and all of Esperanto's pronouns end in -i.
	simple.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ido (1120 words)

	Mondezo
		Esperanto is an easy enough language to learn, but it could be made even simpler.
		Attempts like Ido, a reformed Esperanto, have been made in the past, but they were radical and perhaps less aesthetically pleasing than Esperanto.
		Unlike in Esperanto, an infinitive may be a main verb in the phrase when time is not important or is known from context.
	mondezo.lucaslarson.net (631 words)

	Conversational Maxims and Principles of Language Planning
		While Esperanto is free from that type of deficiency, it is in conflict with the principle of facultative precision in the same way as most ethnic languages of Europe, as distinct from those of East Asia.
		In Esperanto, however, the morpheme -in- is suffixed to derive nouns with female gender from unmarked nouns that are interpreted as male.
		In Esperanto, the morpheme is the basic invariant unit of grammar, and, allowing for a moderate range of polysemy and all-European metaphoric usage, there is, essentially, no ambiguity at the level of morphemes.
	www.ling.su.se /staff/hartmut/griceil.htm (9477 words)

	Info and facts on 'German language' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Official revisions of some of these rules were not issued until 1998, when the German spelling reform of 1996 (additional info and facts about German spelling reform of 1996) was officially promulgated by governmental representatives of all German-speaking countries.
		Since the reform, German spelling has been in an eight-year transitional period where the reformed spelling is taught in most schools, while traditional and reformed spelling co-exist in the media.
		See German spelling reform of 1996 (additional info and facts about German spelling reform of 1996) for an overview of the heated public debate concerning the reform.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/g/ge/german_language.htm (3517 words)

	Home Page for Calendar Reform
		Reform seemed imminent in the earlier decades of the 20th century, as mechanisms for world-wide social progress developed with the League of Nations and subsequently in the United Nations.
		Julius Caesar reformed the Roman Calendar in 46 BC, simplifying the periodic calendar correction by adding an extra day to February every four years.
		Emperor Constantine then reformed the calendar in the 4th century, by introducing the seven-day week, probably modeled on the Christian sabbatical cycle.
	personal.ecu.edu /mccartyr/calendar-reform.html (845 words)

	Why Ido? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Esperanto was a great improvement on its predecessor, and Zamenhof evidently thought that he was right to reject proven success in favour of future promise.
		The Esperanto movement has done much to demonstrate to a disbelieving world the possibility and to a degree even the practicality of a constructed international language, and this is to its credit.
		Esperanto does not use the letters q, w, x and y, but does have the inconvenience of six accented letters - c^, g^, h^, j^, s^ and u~ - which (with the possible exception of the last) are not used in any other language.
	members.aol.com /idolinguo/whyido.html (2145 words)

	The Delegation for the Adoption of an International Language - Ido (A. L. GUÉRARD)
		The "project of Ido" mentioned in the final decision was an anonymous pamphlet proposing a number of reforms in Esperanto: it was submitted to the members of the Committee alone, and was not made public until later.
		The progress of Esperanto was a fact: to this progress there were two minor obstacles, a few blemishes in the language itself, and the actual or threatened competition of other schemes.
		Ido is in many respects a compromise between Esperanto and Neutral: we believe that what was said of Neutral may be said of Ido: their superiority over Esperanto is not so great as to justify the risk involved by the change.
	donh.best.vwh.net /Languages/delegation.html (4679 words)

	IDO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Ido, unlike Esperanto, does not assume the male gender as the default for family relationship words, and thus does not, for example, derive the word for "sister" by adding a feminine suffix to the word for "brother", as standard Esperanto does.
		Esperanto marks noun plurals by an agglutinative ending -j, uses -i for verb infinitives, and uses -u for the imperative.
		Early supporters of Esperanto tended to resist reforms, and the language's inventor, L. Zamenhof deferred to their judgement.
	www.yotor.org /wiki/en/id/Ido.htm (1292 words)

	Getting Started With Esperanto: Kiel Komenci Esperanton
		Note that part of the magic is the esperanto style, in the style sheet mindprod.css which enourages the use of an esperanto font.
		Esperanto is in an race with English to be the International language.
		Esperanto is difficult for Korean and Chinese speakers with its pedantic grammar and fanatical tenses.
	mindprod.com /esperanto/esperanto.html (5616 words)

	NB online - Department of Planned Languages and Esperanto Museum - Terminology science and planned languages
		Esperanto, founded in 1887 by Ludwig L. Zamenhof, developed from the rough outline of a project into a language with distinct communication achievements.
		With regard to English and Esperanto in their role as auxiliary languages in relation to the terminological code, Wüster repeatedly emphasized their different tasks: "There cannot be the question 'Terminological or auxiliary language?', because the terminological code is an end in itself.
		An important reason for the relatively modest acceptance Esperanto is to be found, in his view, in "some properties of the external form of the language, which do not affect the practical usability of the language in any way but in most cases repel speakers of European languages" (Wüster 1970, 433)[30].
	www.onb.ac.at /ev/collections/esperanto/wuester_eng.htm (7958 words)

	Questions and Answers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		(1) Esperanto does not use the letters q, w, x and y, but does have the inconvenience of six accented letters --- c^, g^, h^, j^, s^ and u~ - which (with the possible exception of the last) are not used in any other language.
		Although the problems this causes are not insuperable, the accents remain a nuisance in various ways, and hinder acceptance of Esperanto.
		Esperanto has a history of more than 100 years, but because of its many defects, its influence is still too limited.
	c.1asphost.com /heyafu/faq.htm (1916 words)

	Ido explained (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Ido seal Ido is a "reformed" version of the planned language Esperanto.
		Ido has the same typical five-vowel system (a, e, i, o, u have their IPA values) as Esperanto, and most of the same consonants, omitting two consonant phonemes used by Esperanto, /x/ and /dZ/.
		The pronouns of Ido were revised to make them more acoustically distinct than those of Esperanto (all of whose pronouns end in i; the first person plural pronouns mi and ni may be difficult to distinguish in a noisy environment).
	www.wordspider.net /id/ido.html (1662 words)

	Language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Humans have also invented (or arguably in some cases discovered) many other languages, including constructed human languages such as Esperanto or Klingon, programming languages such as Python or Ruby, and various mathematical formalisms.
		One should be careful about the underlying classification principle for groups of languages which have apparently a geographical name: besides areal linguistic units, the taxa of the genetic classification (language families) are often given names which themselves or parts of which refer to geographical areas.
		Another prominent artificial language, called Ido, is intended to be reformed Esperanto.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Language (1816 words)

	Help:English - Wikipedio
		Ido was first known as reformed Esperanto and was created in 1907 after seven years of deliberation by a committee of professors and linguists.
		You may notice that Ido looks somewhat like Esperanto, but with a number of differences including a complete lack of diacritical marks, the use of the letter 'q', along with many of the words themselves.
		Lastly, the main reasons for choosing Ido over the more well-known Esperanto are summed up in this article.
	io.wikipedia.org /wiki/Help:English (196 words)

	The International Language IDO - Reformed Esperanto
		Ido is a reformed and improved version of the constructed language Esperanto, the late 19th Century brainchild of Polish amateur linguist Dr. L.L. Zamenhof.
		Esperanto, it was felt, was unsatisfactory for this purpose, and so the Delegation recommended the revisions which led to the development of Ido.
		Esperanto - a critique - a critical overview of the international language Esperanto
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Forum/5037/yindex.html (1385 words)

	Ido
		Ido is a child of Esperanto, the first of many Esperanto "reform" projects.
		In Esperanto and many other languages, words for people and animals refer either to the male or to neither sex specifically, with the word for the female being derived by use of a suffix.
		Some say that this is sexist because it is demeaning to the female; I would argue the opposite, that it is demeaning to the male for he has no suffix to call his own.
	www.kafejo.com /lingvoj/auxlangs/ido (833 words)

	[No title]
		He attended the discussions about the establishment of the Internacia Ligo (International League), an early form of the present Akademio de Esperanto, and in 1905 he was elected to the Lingva Komitato [language committee].
		He opposed all proposals for reform and fought against the Idoists [proponents of Ido, a “reformed” version of Esperanto, who nearly wrecked the Esperanto movement in its early years – KK].
		He was the greatest linguist and philologist of his time, and the fact that such a language expert accepted and used Esperanto, even in its early days, proves that Esperanto is indeed worth supporting and will win through.
	www.esperanto.ie /english/historyEAI/historyEAI(1).htm (768 words)

	A Planned Auxiliary Language - Ido History
		An anonymous project under the name of Ido was submitted which incorporated many of the reforms proposed as early as 1894, as well as the principles of derivation proposed by Couturat in his Étude; on the whole it was a reformed Esperanto.
		Louis de Beaufront had been chosen by Dr Zamenhof to represent Esperanto before the Permanent Commission, and a personal controversy followed when it became known that he was the author of the anonymous project.
		After the adoption of reformed Esperanto, now known as Ido, a Union of Friends of the International Language was formed which elected an Academy (later known as the Ido Academy).
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Forum/5037/PALih.html (1035 words)

	Ido language, alphabet and pronunciation
		Ido is a reformed and somewhat simplified version of Esperanto developed by a number of linguists and scientists including Dr Louis de Beaufront, Professor Louis Couturat, Professor Richard Lorenz, Professor Wilhelm Ostwald, Professor L. Pfaundler, and Professor Otto Jespersen.
		The main reforms in Ido are in orthography - no diacritics are used, and in the marking of the accusative, which is used only if necessary.
		For those already familiar with Esperanto, Italian, Latin or any of the other Romance languages, Ido is very easy to learn.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/ido.htm (179 words)

	Esperanto Linguitics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		This page is about Esperanto generally - you have to pick out the linguistic comments.
		Comparing Esperanto to IDO (IDO is a reformed Esperanto)
		Biased toward Esperanto, but a good starting point, with footnotes to suggest further reading.
	esperanto-in-maine.org /e_linguistics.htm (171 words)

	Reformed Esperanto (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		It is notable as the only Esperantido to have been created by Esperanto's original creator, Dr. Zamenhof.
		Although he initially called it an attempt at a 'purer' form of the language, he later soured on the project as none of the Esperanto community of the time accepted it.
		The table of correlatives would be replaced with words taken from natural languages.
	www.abitabouteverything.com /files/r/re/reformed_esperanto.html (203 words)

	Interlingua-English: a dictionary of the international language
		Esperanto, also the creation of one man, Dr. Ludwig Lazarus Zamenhof of Poland, was published in 1887 and has achieved wide renown.
		In 1894, Dr. Zamenhof himself proposed a reformed Esperanto in response to demands among his followers for a simplified grammar and a more thoroughly international vocabulary.
		Esperanto II, a system proposed by René de Saussure of Switzerland, which aimed to remove certain features of Esperanto while retaining its fundamental structure, has never been used to any great extent.
	www.interlingua.org (2882 words)

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