
	Where results make sense

Topic: Refugia

	MARINE REFUGIA
		Yoklavich states; There was general consensus that marine harvest refugia exemplify a precautionary approach to the management and con~servation of rockfish resources on the West Coast.
		Refugia hold promise in allowing us to separate environmental variables from fishery effects, incorporate ecosystem principles into fisheries assemblage management, and collect the needed baseline data for more accurate stock assessments.
		Three different scenarios for developing rockfish refugia were proposed based on the goals and objectives for establishing the refugia.
	www.pmcc.org /RockfishReport/marine_refugia.html (1415 words)

	Marine Harvest Refugia for West Coast Rockfish
		Marine harvest refugia are being promoted worldwide as a viable option for resource managers to mitigate overfishing, but their effectiveness in fisheries management is poorly understood and refugia concepts, especially as they relate to temperate marine systems, largely are untested.
		Harvest refugia can be most beneficial to species that have been overfished, reach great sizes or ages, and have limited movements or sedentary behavior, all of which apply to coastwide rockfish stocks.
		Refugia design (including closure-time, location, size, number, and shapes of protected areas), requirements of relevant stakeholders (including fish and fishermen), and costs/benefits/risk assessment were among the relevant topics considered.
	www.pfeg.noaa.gov /events/workshops/refugia/refugia_execsumm.html (1111 words)

	Kitsap Alliance of Property Owners - Kitsap Peninsula Salmonid Refugia Study
		The background and theory sections of the Refugia Study contain a surprisingly high level of sophistication in their understanding of the biology and genetic structure and of salmon populations.
		However, in the Refugia Study, their desire to extend the boundaries across the landscape may not have been motivated by a concern about the physical environment, so much as by a desire to impact more people and draw them into their socio-political program.
		The authors of the Refugia Study have turned the belief that ecological phenomena are too complex to understand to a constructive use.
	www.kitsapalliance.org /uploads/RefugiaReview.html (4005 words)

	Safe Haven for Insects Helps Protect Farmers' Crops (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Mulaa, a KARI entomologist, and her CIMMYT counterpart, entomologist David Bergvinson, seek plants that might serve as refugia in a system for limiting insect resistance to Bt maize, a genetically engineered plant that represents one of the best hopes for controlling stem borers.
		Refugia are a central component of a broader insect resistance management strategy, which includes integrated pest management and the combination of multiple sources of insect resistance in the maize plant.
		The borers must find the refugia plants attractive for oviposition (egg laying); the plants must then support larval development and provide a favorable environment for the borers to complete their life cycle.
	www.cimmyt.org /whatiscimmyt/recent_ar/D_Support/safeHaven.htm (1026 words)

	Adult salmonids use of thermal refugia
		Thermal refugia clearly plays an important role in mitigating thermally related stress and mortality in the Klamath River, but the details are still not well understood, especially with regards to adult salmonids.
		Determine the degree of utilization of the mouth of Blue Creek as a thermal refugia by adult salmonids.
		While the outcome of the relicensing process is unclear, it is clear that a robust understanding of thermal refugia will be necessary in order to successfully restore spring chinook to the upper Basin due to the nature of its hydrology and the increased length of migration.
	depts.washington.edu /cwws/Research/Projects/strange.html (450 words)

	Refugium article
		Refugia may also be used as filters by adding Plants and substrate of differing methods.
		Unlike with the other refugia that are used as filters, these do not need any fancy channels, or dump buckets or mud, these should be just like any other tank.
		I have, however, found this type of refugia to be the most interesting given the atypical nature of its inhabitants.
	netclub.athiel.com /Ianrefug.htm (2030 words)

	Submissions to NAAMP III Meeting Online
		The PVC pipe refugia sampling method is effective in capturing Hylid treefrogs and is capable of providing a variety of data on their biology and life history.
		PVC pipe refugia may be the best option in areas where typical drift fence arrays would be difficult to install (e.g., steep topography and/or dense vegetation).
		The same should be true for the use of PVC pipe refugia in monitoring treefrog populations, as treefrogs likely are attracted to and use PVC pipe refugia for the same or similar reasons as salamanders are attracted to and use cover boards.
	www.pwrc.usgs.gov /naamp3/papers/10n.html (3096 words)

	PVC Refugia
		Artificial refugia were constructed of 60 cm lengths of white schedule 20 PVC tubing.
		The use of artificial refugia is helpful in sampling hylid frogs during non-breeding periods and away from breeding sites.
		Artificial refugia constructed of PVC tube sections approximately 60 cm long were placed on hardwood trees in a xeric oak hammock/longleaf pine stand adjacent to an ephemeral pond on the Katharine Ordway Preserve—Carl Swisher Memorial Sanctuary, Putnam County, Florida.
	cars.er.usgs.gov /posters/Herpetology/PVC_Refugia/pvc_refugia.html (1257 words)

	Reef Hobbyist Online - powered by Reefland.com
		Refugia have become so popular in recent years that a growing majority of intermediate and advanced aquarists run at least one refugium on their display, and most beginners are familiar with the term if not already considering the application.
		It seems that refugia will be as popular and widely used as protein skimmers in the next five years; they really offer effective and exciting new filtration and display opportunities.
		If you really want to culture useful algae properly, thought, it is better to grow them with control in refugia and only offer harvested portions of the matter to the grazers in their remote display.
	www.reefland.com /rho/1104/main.php (1447 words)

	bt-survey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Refugia refers to planting a portion of each field with non-Bt hybrids to allow for interbreeding between corn borers which may have developed resistance (from Bt-corn) and insects that are still susceptible to Bt (Alstad, 1997; Lastovic, 1999).
		Ninety respondents (22.5 per cent) were unaware of the refugia requirement and eight (2.0 per cent) gave no response, although this may reflect a wording problem with the survey.
		Fifty-two or 17.2 per cent of producers surveyed believed the refugia to be less than 20 per cent, 40 or 13.2 per cent believed it to be between 21 and 40 per cent, and 12 (4.0 per cent) thought it was more than 40 per cent.
	www.foodsafetynetwork.ca /gmo/bt-survey/bt-survey.htm (3523 words)

	MILESTONE REPORT
		Twelve Pisces V and thirty-five RCV-150 dives were conducted in 1999 within bottomfish refugia and adjacent open fishing areas.
		The State of Hawaii established refugia for bottomfish in July 1998 in response to critical declines in ehu and onaga resources in the main Hawaiian Islands.
		The established refugia are intended to allow rebuilding of ehu and onaga stocks to healthy levels with spawning stocks of 40-50% of original levels.
	www.soest.hawaii.edu /HURL/Q2_2000_M.htm (864 words)

	The relative importance of refugia in determining the drift and habitat selection of predaceous stoneflies in a sandy ...
		The relative importance of refugia in determining the drift and habitat selection of predaceous stoneflies in a sandy bottomed stream.
		The presence of refugia (loose bark and leaf packs) was more important than hunger level and modified the effects of increased predator densities and aggressive interactions.
		During periods of activity, refugia were defended with larger stoneflies always displacing smaller nymphs.
	www.uga.edu /srel/Reprint/1970.htm (286 words)

	Refugia for Biological Diversity in Arid and Semi-Arid Australia: 15.1. An Overview of the Refugia in Each Category
		A minority of the refugia were classed as possessing refugial value within more than one category; in those cases, they are listed under the first-mentioned category.
		Nevertheless, these wetland refugia are of exceptional importance because of the vast numbers of waterbirds that inhabit them, a significance reflected by the fact that many are listed under the Ramsar Convention (Phillips 1993).
		Inspection of section 15.1 shows that the refugia we have identified are not uniformly distributed across the States and Territories.
	www.deh.gov.au /biodiversity/publications/series/paper4/bio15.html (1212 words)

	Summary of Artificial Warm Water Refugia Issues
		The presence of power plants have permitted manatees to spend the winter in areas like Brevard County and Tampa Bay, which are considered to be north of their historical range.
		Conceivably, manatees that habituated to artificial warm water sites in north Florida may be in greater peril in the event of a power plant failure during the cold season when compared to those manatees that initially migrated to southern Florida with the onset of winter.
		Although the results of this study are still being analyzed, we do know that some tagged and untagged manatees died of what is suspected to be cold stress.
	www.floridaconservation.org /psm/habitat/warmwat.htm (1469 words)

	Refugim Refugia
		Too much flow created too much water movement and that would force some of the fragile and small inhabitants of the refugium to be pressed against the sides of the refugium where the water exits it.
		Refugia with macro-algae or with mangroves tend to be larger than refugia without them.
		This is necessary to account for the space needed for the plants and especially for the mangroves if that is what you use (and such is an excellent idea by the way).
	netclub.athiel.com /refugia.htm (1333 words)

	Refugia, what is it and why is it important?
		Refugia, what is it and why is it important?
		Refugia is the term being used to describe an area where susceptible corn borers will be able to survive when Bt corn use becomes wide spread.
		One of the biggest concerns with Bt corn is that its wide spread use will lead to selection for corn borers that are resistant to Bt.
	www.oznet.ksu.edu /ex_swao/Entomology/Bt_Folder/Refuge.html (1050 words)

	SOFIA - Project Work Plan
		Because of the interdependence of wading birds, aquatic fauna and aquatic refugia this project is critical to the evaluation of all CERP projects and science objectives that deal with the potential effects of changes in hydropatterns.
		Aquatic refugia are critically important in marl prairie/rocky glades habitats and their distribution and abundance is a specific performance measure for that system.
		The spatial patterns of aquatic refugia will be analyzed for all located refugia and for refugia of different type and characteristics as identified in Subtask 2.2.
	sofia.usgs.gov /projects/workplans03/gatoreco.html (4043 words)

	Josh's Web Page: Research
		This project is a critical step towards understanding the role of thermal refugia in mitigating stress and mortality from elevated temperatures during upriver migration.
		Use of cold water areas, or thermal refugia, is one way that salmonids accomplish thermoregulation in the face of sub-lethal or lethal temperatures (Beschta et al.
		Determine the extent of thermal refugia use by adult spring chinook during upriver migration.
	students.washington.edu /strange/research.htm (2189 words)

	African Wetland refugia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Heavily vegetated wetlands may protect fishes from Nile perch predation by providing both structural and low-oxygen refugia for prey species tolerant of hypoxia.
		To examine the potential of wetlands as refugia we quantified the composition, persistence, and stability of fish assemblages in a wetland tributary of Lake Nabugabo, a satellite lake of Lake Victoria in which Nile perch have been introduced.
		Nile perch were extremely rare in the wetland, and nine of the 18 species that have disappeared from the open waters of the satellite lake were captured in the tributary in this study.
	filebox.vt.edu:8080 /a/amrosenb/juma.htm (237 words)

	Response to Comment on "Buffered Tree Population Changes in a Quaternary Refugium: Evolutionary Implications" -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Establishing the northernmost extent of glacial refugia in Europe is not straightforward, because a species' distribution
		by invoking the occurrence of refugia of temperate trees with
		The second issue raised in ( 1) is that southern European refugia of temperate trees could not be both sources for
	www.sciencemag.org /cgi/content/full/299/5608/825b (779 words)

	Ephemeral Streams as a Source of Thermal Refugia and Relief from Acidified Streamwater in a Southern Appalachian Study ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The central hypothesis of this study is that brook trout may reside within seeps that are present and have adequate depths to allow survival during times of critical temperatures in the mainstem, or these fishes may reside within an area of the mainstem that is directly affected in a beneficial manner by these ephemeral seeps.
		This should provide an overview of the persistence of thermal refugia into the river and can be used to determine areas other than directly within the seep where fish can reside and still benefit from the cooler water temperatures.
		Once research and analysis is complete, I expect that the benefits ephemeral seeps in rivers that are acid rain impacted can be determined.
	www.nrac.wvu.edu /rm493-591/fall2001/students/samela/index1.htm (2385 words)

	Harvest Refugia: Fact and Fantasy
		The concept of "harvest refugia," closing areas as a quick fix to protect marine resources, is gaining popularity worldwide.
		In addition, various advocacy groups have proposed closing approximately 20 percent of fishing grounds, not only in California but around the world.
		Here's food for thought from independent scientists on the potential for marine reserves in fishery management.
	ca-seafood.ucdavis.edu /news/vv90b9rh.htm (483 words)

	'Return to the Stone-Age of Pest Management' Remarks Presented on Behalf of Consumers Union By: Dr. Charles Benbrook & ...
		The purpose of refugia is to delay resistance; no one contends that refugia will prevent resistance.
		Moreover, to be effective, refugia need to be quite large -- as much as 40 percent of a field (assuming other measures are taken to control insects, as they obviously must be with refugia of this size).
		For example, imagine the normal reaction of a farmer watching his or her refugia -- 4 percent of cotton acreage planted and not sprayed -- being devastated by lepidopteran larvae.
	www.pmac.net /stoneage.htm (4525 words)

	RBGE: Locating long-term glacial refugia in Europe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Within Asplenium, a genus of rock ferns, there is evidence that some diploid taxa sparsely distributed close to the Mediterranean Sea have given rise to polyploid taxa that have colonised northern Europe widely.
		A collaborative research programme organised by RBGE, the Natural History Museum, London, Cambridge University and Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary is exploring population genetic diversity and cpDNA sequence variation to identify long-term glacial refugia in Europe and to determine the origins of taxa that have colonised much of northern Europe.
		The team consists of Johannes C. Vogel, Stephen Russell and Fred Rumsey from the Natural History Museum; Mary Morgan-Richards and Steven A. Trewick, also from the Natural History Museum, but now at the University of Canterbury, New Zealand; John A. Barrett, Cambridge University; Istvan Pinter from Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary; and Mary Gibby from RBGE.
	www.rbge.org.uk /rbge/web/science/research/crypto/refugia.jsp (294 words)

	Refugim Refugia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		shrimp, etc.) that reproduce on a regular bases can be kept in the refugia allowing their larvae to flow into the main aquarium.
		Photosynthesis or the process by which plants use light as an energy source to synthesize carbohydrates from CO and give off oxygen is also very beneficial.
		If the refugia area contains plants and is lit on a photo cycle opposite the main tank (Reverse Daylight Photosynthesis RDP ™) it will help maintain a more stable pH by removing the CO produced in the main tank during the nocturnal photo period.
	www.athiel.com /aquatic/refugia1.htm (440 words)

	Publication (Non-technical publication): Dryland River Refugia: Newsletter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		This is the first newsletter to be produced by the CRC for Freshwater Ecology Dryland River Refugia project.
		In 2001 we undertook field trips to both Cooper Creek and the Warrego River.
		We will be producing more newsletters summarising the ongoing results from the Cooper Creek, Warrego River and Border Rivers over the next two years.
	enterprise.canberra.edu.au /Publications.nsf/08f4e65764fd6ef3ca256f0f00450329/8df7ad09f009bec0ca256f0b00234afb?OpenDocument (102 words)

	RAUK e-Forum: Glowworms and reptile refugia
		I have been finding that reptile refugia (tin or felt) have been used by glowworm larva.
		Glowworm surveys are mainly focused on counting glowing females during July and August and ever since i found a larva in kent under a reptile refugia I have found them this year aswell.
		Although i haven't kept a complete record of my glow worm observations, my impression is that larvae are more often encountered under refugia than adults.
	www.herpetofauna.co.uk /forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=395&PN=1&get=last (1009 words)

	Rainforest Biogeography
		These refugia might then have retained species which have failed to expand their populations fast enough to spread out and recover their full potential range.
		It is extremely difficult to disentangle the effects of glacial history and present-day climate, especially when fossil data on the distribution of forest during the last Ice Age remain sparse and ambiguous.
		It has been suggested that these diversity centres might have been refugia for rainforest species during dry glacial periods in the past, with many of the species having been too slow to disperse out of their refugia as the forest expanded again during the wetter interglacials.
	www.esd.ornl.gov /projects/qen/rainfo.html (10218 words)

	STABIB 2003 in alpha order, the Bibliography of Archbold Biological Station 1942-2003, 28 January 2004, Fred E. Lohrer.
		Douglass, J. Refugia of juvenile gopher tortoises, Gopherus polyphemus (Reptilia, Testudines, Testudinidae).
		Douglass, J. Patterns of mate seeking and aggression in a southern Florida population of the gopher tortoise, Gopherus polyphemus.
		Nests and daytime refugia of cotton mice ( Peromyscus gossypinus) and golden mice ( Ochrotomys nuttalli) in south-central Florida.
	www.archbold-station.org /abs/library/STABIB/STABIBalpha.htm (8742 words)

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