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Topic: Regeneration (biology)

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	Nerve Regeneration - Information and References
		Degeneration and regeneration in neurons of the cerebellum.
		Regenerated retino-tectal projections were topographic in the trained but not in the untrained group as assessed by in vitro electrophysiological recording and by carbocyanine dye tracing.
		The regeneration mechanisms of spinal nerve roots and DRG regarding function are slow, and the final grade of recurrence depends on the degree of injury.
	modern-bibliography.tripod.com /Nerve_Regeneration_Bibliography.html (16119 words)

	Regeneration (biology) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Regeneration is a form of tissue repair; the restoration of lost or damaged tissues, organs or limbs.
		Motor neurons, muscle, and blood vessels grow with the regenerated limb, and reestablish the connections that were present prior to amputation.
		Nerve dependency of regeneration: the role of Distal-less and FGF signaling in amphibian limb regeneration.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Regeneration_(biology) (1197 words)

	Regeneration - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Regeneration (biology) is the ability to recreate lost or damaged tissues, organs and limbs.
		Regeneration in Christian theology is the process by which men are given new hearts; that is, the process by which they are "born again", experiencing a "new birth".
		In inner-city development, urban regeneration or renewal is the improving of a poor or run-down area by a programme of investment in areas such as infrastructure or housing.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Regeneration (482 words)

	Regeneration Biology — A Key Discipline of the 21st Century (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Regeneration biology is certainly one of the most important key disciplines of the 21st Century.
		Despite the fact that the ability of adult humans to regenerate organs is considerably smaller than that of amphibians, they still possess a significantly large portion of continuously regenerating systems such as the liver and the olfactory nerve.
		One branch of regeneration medicine that has already established itself in the market involves the implantation of tissue by means of growing cells on biocompatible and biodegradable materials (tissue engineering) or the implantation of artificial prostheses (prosthetics).
	www.bio-pro.de /en/region/stern/magazin/00233 (962 words)

	New Page 1
		Regeneration usually involves either (1) epimorphosis where replacement cells arise from undifferentiated cells (either stem cells or dedifferentiated cells) that form a blastema from which the new structures derive; and/or (2) morphallaxis where new cells are derived from existing tissues by cell differentiation and/or migration.
		The basic biology and therapeutic values of ES cells are ultimately required to be investigated in the human system.
		Currently, continued ENU screen (ear-hole closure and lens regeneration), additional characterizations and gene mapping are underway with the goal of ultimately identifying regeneration factors.
	www.scripps.edu /chem/ding/sciences.htm (2742 words)

	MIT Department of Biology: Peter W. Reddien
		Since planarian regeneration involves a population of adult pluripotent stem cells (the neoblasts), planarians are an excellent organism for studies of in vivo stem cell regulation.
		Regeneration from irregularly shaped fragments involves a robust ability to generate bilateral symmetry: new tissue is produced in a regeneration blastema at the wound site and remaining body regions are rearranged to produce symmetrical and properly proportioned animals.
		Identification of genes needed for regeneration, stem cell function, and tissue homeostasis by systematic gene perturbation in planaria.
	web.mit.edu /biology/www/facultyareas/facresearch/reddien.html (691 words)

	Organ Regeneration: Hints at Immune Involvement
		Regeneration is excellent in the earliest stages of limb development in anurans (frogs and toads) but gradually diminishes as larvae approach metamorphosis (Dent, 1962).
		Consistent with this view, regeneration and morphogenesis were found to be enhanced in limbs of adult frogs when tissue dissociation and cellular dedifferentiation were increased in stump tissues by additional trauma (Polezhaev, 1972).
		Study of immune regulation in classic models of regeneration is likely to yield new insights into dedifferentiation and early phase of regeneration and a much greater understanding of the loss of regenerative capacity during phylogeny and ontogeny of higher vertebrates.
	cellscience.com /reviews2/Organ_Regeneration_Immune_Involvement.html (3664 words)

	PA-06-231: Developmental Biology and Regeneration of the Liver (R01)
		Studies using tissue explant cultures and molecular biology techniques as well as the analysis of transgenic and knockout mice have identified signaling molecules and transcription factors that are necessary for the onset of hepatogenesis.
		The capacity of the liver to regenerate relies on a two-tier system of liver cells: (1) hepatocytes, which are capable of multiple divisions, and (2) intra-hepatic progenitor cells, which are also known as oval cells, or ductular cells.
		Regeneration of the liver after major resection or massive injury is the consequence of a highly regulated sequence of molecular and cellular events that begins with the cessation of many normal liver cell functions and the induction of DNA synthesis, cell cycle progression, mitosis, and cell division.
	grants.nih.gov /grants/guide/pa-files/PA-06-231.html (6039 words)

	Regenerative Biology and Medicine: An Overview
		The regeneration of organs and appendages is a theme found in the ancient Greek mythologies of the Hydra and of Prometheus, recounted by Homer and Hesiod (Dinsmore, 1998).
		Ectodermal and endodermal derivatives regenerate from epithelial ASCs that reside in the basal layer of the epithelium.
		The majority of the regenerated axons or new neurons were from host cells, indicating that the donor stem cells produce survival and outgrowth-promoting factors that protect host cells and enable them to engage in regeneration (Kordower et al, 2000; Ourednik et al, 2002; Marconi et al, 2003).
	www.cellscience.com /Reviews1/Regenerative_Biology_and_Medicine.html (8522 words)

	Whitehead Institute - New tools for an old can of worms
		And while developmental biology has exploded in recent decades, the field of regeneration biology remains rather small.
		While 145 of the silenced genes were essential for regeneration and homeostasis (normal tissue loss and replacement), other genes were required for one or the other but not both.
		"Regeneration is in the same state as developmental biology was at the start of the 20th century," as Sánchez Alvarado puts it.
	www.wi.mit.edu /news/archives/2005/cpa_1102.html (1211 words)

	Faculty Profile
		Fin regeneration is a very rapid process (~10-14 days) that replaces bone, epidermis, blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue.
		To date, pilot screens and positional cloning strategies have revealed 4 genes essential for formation and function of the regeneration blastema, a proliferative structure crucial for fin regeneration in zebrafish and limb regeneration in certain amphibians.
		We are further dissecting functions of Fgfs during fin regeneration, and have also branched out to investigate the roles of other developmental programs and regulatory mechanisms.
	www.cellbio.duke.edu /Faculty/Research/Poss.html (667 words)

	Developmental biology: Regeneration swims into view - Cell Signaling Update - Signaling Gateway
		Although amphibians and, more recently, zebrafish have proved to be good models for regeneration studies, our limited understanding of the mechanisms that underlie this process has frustrated developmental biologists.
		Although dob begins the regeneration process by forming an epithelium over the wound, the epithelium does not adopt the correct cuboidal morphology, which seems to be required for regeneration to proceed.
		Zebrafish fgf20a is expressed in mesenchymal cells, the cells that need to hyperproliferate during fin regeneration, whereas in other organisms, it is expressed in cancer cell lines and promotes myocardial proliferation and differentiation.
	www.signaling-gateway.org /update/updates/200602/nrg1801.html (326 words)

	Developmental Biology: Regeneration Lab
		Mead and Krump (1986) Abnormal regeneration in the planarian Dugesia tigrina as a function of the length:width ratio of the regenerating fragment.
		Stornaiuolo A, Bayascas JR, Salo E, Boncinelli E. A homeobox gene of the orthodenticle family is involved in antero-posterior patterning of regenerating planarians.
		Regeneration by dissociated adult Hydra cells: a histologic study.
	www.bio.davidson.edu /people/balom/306/regenrefs.html (501 words)

	Biology at Regis College (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		There have been suggestions that the ability of human cells to dedifferentiate and form certain cancers is analogous to the process of dedifferentiation and blastema formation in a regenerating newt limb.
		Knowing that the immune system plays a pivotal role in cancer, the question we ask is what is the role of the newt's immune system in the stages of regeneration and are there correlaries to the process of cancer and immune responsiveness in mammals.
		In addition, other correlary projects have been pursued, including the role of apoptosis in regeneration, factors influencing wound healing, both amputational and non-amputational, and the role of cytokines in regeneration and wound healing.
	www.regiscollege.edu /programs/biology/mlombard.htm (420 words)

	Marine Flatworms of the World! - Introduction
		Since the phenomenon of regeneration is of high interest to biologists several flatworm taxa serve as model system for extensive studies on regeneration (see also section: Polyclads in Neurobiology).
		Although biologists have studied planarian regeneration for about a century, the answers to some questions, especially the molecular mechanisms governing the regeneration process still remain elusive.
		However, according to another explanation the worm is in the progress of regenerating after a predators attack and the "fissing tail portion" is caused by an aborted feeding attempt (see section: Predation and Defence).
	www.rzuser.uni-heidelberg.de /~bu6/Introduction03.html (634 words)

	ScienceDaily: Tiny Pills Of RNA Fed To Planarians Help Researchers Identify Genes Essential For Regeneration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Their ability to regenerate is so prolific that a tissue fragment only 1/279th of the worm's length can grow into a new planarian.
		Lemurs Critical To Regeneration Of Madagascar Forests (July 30, 1999) -- The dry forests of western Madagascar are unusual: they have among the greatest diversity of trees in the world but the lowest diversity of animals that disperse the seeds.
		Biology -- Biology is the branch of science dealing with the study of life.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2005/05/050527110803.htm (2028 words)

	AB in biology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		You must complete at least one biology course at the 3000-level or higher that includes a formal laboratory or field experience.
		Biology Coursework at MU You must complete at 12 hours in biology at 2000-level or higher at MU.
		You must receive a grade of C- or higher in all the biology courses that you use to fulfill the requirements for the AB in Biological Sciences.
	www.biology.missouri.edu /undergrad/advising/degree_bs.html (1384 words)

	Alexa Bely - Univ. of Maryland
		In sharp contrast to the great strides made in understanding the evolution of embryogenesis (the main focus of the field of "evo-devo"), the developmental mechanisms and evolutionary forces that drive the evolution of post-embryonic development remain largely unexplored.
		Current work in the lab is focused on the evolution of regeneration in annelids and the origin and evolution of agametic asexual reproduction in annelids and acoels.
		We are using a range of techniques to investigate these topics, including comparative regeneration experiments, gene expression studies, cell proliferation assays, cell death assays, muscle and nervous system labelling, and time-lapse imaging of live cells to reveal patterns of cell migration.
	www.life.umd.edu /biology/faculty/bely/BelyLab.htm (499 words)

	Regeneration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Throughout the history of experimental biology, certain organisms have repeatedly attracted the attention of each new generation of researchers.
		Urodele amphibians are members of this group because they alone among the vertebrates are able to regenerate lost body parts as adults.
		They are a constant reminder that regeneration is an ancient and fundamental biological process, and they challenge our creative and scientific abilities to discover how to unlock the regenerative potential within us.
	darwin.bio.uci.edu /~mrjc/regen.html (130 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Early experimental work in nerve injury and regeneration indicated that the average growth of the nerve was I mm to 3 mm per day.
		Regeneration of axons in the distal stump occurs at a rate of 1 mm to 3 mm per day.
		Regeneration of blood supply must be provided by surrounding tissues to provide nutrition for neurilemmal elements.
	cal.vet.upenn.edu /saortho/chapter_65/65mast.htm (17844 words)

	NIDCR/DIR -- Craniofacial Developmental Biology and Regeneration Branch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		NIDCR/DIR -- Craniofacial Developmental Biology and Regeneration Branch
		The Craniofacial Developmental Biology and Regeneration Branch (CDBRB) explores fundamental questions concerning the mechanisms of morphogenesis, tissue organization, cellular differentiation, and cancer.
		Brief History of the Craniofacial Developmental Biology and Regeneration Branch
	wwwdir.nidcr.nih.gov /dirweb/cdbrb/cdbrb.htm (286 words)

	Home Page - University of Dayton Biology Department (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Tissue repair and regeneration of body parts are quite amazing biological and physiological processes that occur in all animals to one degree or another.
		On the other hand some urodele amphibians have the incredible capacity of regenerating whole body parts, such as limbs, tails, spinal cord, eyes, brain, ear, jaw and heart.
		In these animals regeneration is achieved through the dedifferentiation of the existing terminally differentiated cells at the injury site.
	biology.udayton.edu /content.php?id=98 (205 words)

	Cell Biology Track
		Faculty research interests include: the extracellular matrix; protein processing and turnover; mechanisms of signal transduction; cell manipulation and regeneration; cell specific gene expression; organelle biogenesis and gene expression; chromosome dynamics and structure; and cell outgrowth and migration.
		Required core course: Cell Biology 231B, which is a broadly based course including topics in protein targeting, organelle biogenesis, receptor-mediated endocytosis, signal transduction and the cell cycle.
		The Journal Clubs include the Molecular and Cellular Biology Journal Club (Dev Bio 206/ Mol Bio 220) and the Yeast Research Colloquium (monthly research talks by investigators in yeast cell and molecular biology).
	www.bio.uci.edu /academic/grad/mbgb_cel.html (797 words)

	Michael W. King, Ph.D.
		Frogs represent a useful animal model with which to study molecular mechanisms that drive regeneration and, conversely, which repress gene activity that could lead to inhibition of the regenerative capacity in higher vertebrates.
		In these species limbs and spinal cords regenerate well during larval stages, but gradually lose this ability as the animal approaches metamorphosis.
		Adult frogs do not regenerate and the response of these structures to surgical transection is normally similar to that of higher vertebrates.
	web.indstate.edu /thcme/mwking/kingfact.html (916 words)

	Newswise
		But that’s changing quickly as researchers bring the powerhouses of modern biological analyses to studying these processes—with the hope that a better understanding of regeneration may eventually find medical applications.
		It didn’t hurt that S. mediterranea is relatively easy to work with in the lab, and that it later turned out to perform functions with relatively few genes per function.
		“There’s a large degree of conservation between the genes that are affecting regeneration efficiency in planarians and genes in C. elegans, Drosophila and humans,” says Sánchez Alvarado.
	www.newswise.com /articles/view/515969 (973 words)

	Copper Peptide Studies on Skin Renewal, Wound Healing and Hair Growth
		At Skin Biology we are told by our customers of many successes using copper-peptides to increase skin remodeling as evidenced by reduction or total removal of sun damage marks, skin tags, certain types of moles and age spots, old stretch marks of pregnancy, and burn scars.
		Skin Biology's new breakdown-resistant SRCPs and hydroxy acids are rubbed into the scar once or twice daily.
		A reduction in scar appearance should be evident in a month but 6 to 8 months of such applications may be necessary to reach a satisfactory appearance in very old scars (30 to 50 year old scars or stretch marks).
	www.skinbiology.com /copperpeptideregeneration.html (9617 words)

	Anne Fausto-Sterling: Fields: Biology
		The planaria encountered in the biology classroom are free-living flatworms famous for their ability to regenerate and to reproduce asexually through a process called fission.
		If population and species were invariant with respect to regeneration (that is, if they all regenerated in the same way), you couldn't have natural selection, which must act on a variable population.
		A long-standing problem of biology, regeneration in metazoans still awaits a satisfactory mechanistic explanation.
	bms.brown.edu /faculty/f/afs/afs_fields_biology.htm (583 words)

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