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Topic: Regenerative cooling

	Electronic cooling manufacturers & suppliers
		Typically, heat sinks, cooling fans, and heat pipes are employed to dissipate heat from integrated circuits and other electronic components.
		Provides intelligent cooling solutions for the heat generated by the densely packed electronics used in telecom, computer, and medical applications.
		Manufacturer and supplier of passive and active coolers (air cooling, water cooling, peltier cooling) for all different levels and brands of CPU, system and HDD cooler, server cooler, chip cooler, notebook cooler (vapor chamber, heat pipe), aluminum case, power supply, and other related products.
	www.electronics-manufacturers.com /Electronic_components/Electronic_cooling (466 words)

	Rocketdyne Technical Consulting Threshold Journal: Heart of the Matter
		Regenerative cooling is the most widely used method of cooling a combustion chamber and is accomplished by flowing high-velocity coolant over the back side of the chamber hot gas wall to convectively cool the hot gas liner.
		For regenerative cooling, it is important that the material have high strength at elevated temperatures and, also, have a high thermal conductivity.
		The most important parameters involved in the design of the hot gas wall on a regeneratively cooled chamber are the thermal conductivity of the material, the strength of the material at elevated temperatures, the material maximum operating temperature and the coolant passage dimensions.
	www.engineeringatboeing.com /articles/heart.htm (3220 words)

	Passive Solar Heating and Cooling
		This cool tower action, as well as that of the earth cooling tubes, can be enhanced and distribution extended, by the placement of thermal chimney "drivers" which can pull the cooled air through the building with an increase in both air quantity and velocity.
		The second stage, evaporative cooling, is accomplished by a standard commercial evaporative cooling device, or by passive cooling elements of earth tubes or cool towers.
		Since the exiting air is cool and dry, the wet bulb temperature is lower and the water produced by the evaporative cooling device is cooler than if ambient air were used.
	www.azsolarcenter.com /technology/pas-3.html (4046 words)

	app-a1
		Regenerative cooling means using a fluid as the coolant in a process in which the fluid is itself involved.
		In the liquefaction of gases, it means that the gas that is cooled by the Joule-Thomson expansion process is later used to cool the incoming compressed gas before expansion.
		The regenerative cooling concept was an old idea, first introduced by Siemens in 1857 and used by Kirk, Coleman, Solvay, Linde, and others in refrigeration apparatus.
	www.hq.nasa.gov /office/pao/History/SP-4404/app-a1.htm (1939 words)

	Regenerative Coolers:
		In all these cycles, cooling is obtained by allowing the gas to expand and thereby taking heat from the surroundings.
		Fig 3 is the schematic of a general regenerative type cooler, the working principle can be summarized as follows: The gas is isothermally compressed rejecting heat to the surroundings.
		Subsequently it moves through the regenerator where the gas is cooled to the low temperature by delivering heat to the heat capacity of the regenerator.
	tst.ewi.utwente.nl /research/microfabrication/Microcooler.doc (507 words)

	ch2-6
		This type of cooling, called transpiration or "sweat" cooling, was popular at the time and work with it was under way at several other rocket laboratories.
		The first successful regenerative cooling run was on 26 August 1949, when the thrust chamber operated for 60 seconds at an oxygen-to-hydrogen mass ratio of 4.1 and produced an exhaust velocity of 3190 meters per second-about 93 percent of theoretical performance.
		Rocket thrust chamber of 445 newtons designed to use liquid hydrogen-oxygen and be regeneratively cooled by the liquid hydrogen, Ohio State University, 1949.
	www.hq.nasa.gov /office/pao/History/SP-4404/ch2-6.htm (986 words)

	Vision Engineer - Cooling of the Rocket Engine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Cooling is extremely important to the operation of a rocket engine.
		The term "regenerative" is used because the heat is not wasted but raises the temperature of the propellant and thus increases its energy level prior to injection.
		Cooling is achieved by injecting extra fuel near the combustion chamber walls.
	www.visionengineer.com /aero/cooling.shtml (192 words)

	Bipropellant rocket - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The pumps used are typically turbopumps, often powered by tapping off 1-2% of the propellants or using a separate system, such as decomposed hydrogen peroxide and powering the pump via a gas turbine.
		The exhaust from the gas turbine is either dumped over the side, used to cool the nozzle, or placed into the combustion chamber.
		The use of lightweight foam to insulate the cryogenic tanks caused problems for the Space Shuttle Columbia's STS-107 mission, as a piece broke loose, damaged its wing and caused it to break up and be destroyed on reentry.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bipropellant_rocket (1243 words)

	[No title]
		Cool Tower uses natural updraft chimneys to create a flow of cool air without fans or blowers, cool air is heavier and will fall inside the tower and create an air flow.
		SENTS involves a spray cooling system that produces ice and cold water which is collected in a lined pond, the chilled water is then drawn off and run in to a commercial or industrial building to provide process cooling (ie cooling required in manufacturing, eg breweries, dairies, food processing).
		Passive cooling - reducing need for air conditioning Note: The promising area of new building and construction techniques and materials that lessen heat build up in buildings and that can therefore reduce the size and use of air conditioning systems installed during construction or refit, is beyond the scope of this report.
	archive.greenpeace.org /gopher/campaigns/air/1993/ozhold3.txt (19500 words)

	Energieliteratuur: Cryogenic microcooling. A micromachined cold stage operating with a sorption compressor in a vapor ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In chapter 2 also a new regenerative cooling cycle is proposed which appears particularly suitable to be applied on micro-scale.
		This cooling cycle was chosen for the development of small cooler elements because it appeared suitable to be applied on a small scale.
		The remainder of the thesis discusses the components that were developed; the requirements for the individual components are based on the specifications of the cooling cycle which are presented in section 4.7.
	www.energie.nl /nel/nl02e0721.html (322 words)

	Rocket Propulsion
		Heat in the cooling jacket of the main combustion chamber serves to vaporize the fuel.
		Regenerative cooling is the most widely used method of cooling a thrust chamber and is accomplished by flowing high-velocity coolant over the back side of the chamber hot gas wall to convectively cool the hot gas liner.
		With radiation cooling, heat is radiated from the outer surface of the combustion chamber or nozzle extension wall.
	www.braeunig.us /space/propuls.htm (4923 words)

	The Energy Authority
		Refrigeration Capacity - A measure of the effective cooling capacity of a refrigerator, expressed in Btu per hour or in tons, where one (1) ton of capacity is equal to the heat required to melt 2,000 pounds of ice in 24 hours or 12,000 Btu per hour.
		Regenerative Cooling - A type of cooling system that uses a charging and discharging cycle with a thermal or latent heat storage subsystem.
		Regenerative Heating - The process of using heat that is rejected in one part of a cycle for another function or in another part of the cycle.
	www.teainc.org /glossary_qr.html (3681 words)

	U.S. Patent: 5103637 - Rocket engine combustion chamber - April 14, 1992
		In operation, the rocket engine combustion chamber wall is cooled with the rocket propellant as a coolant (complete regenerative cooling) in order to protect the wall from propellant combustion gases at temperatures of from about 2,000.degree.
		For the purpose of protecting the combustion chamber wall during combustion, the combustion chamber on the outer surface is cooled with the propellant as a coolant, and at the same time, part of the propellant is injected along the inner surface of the combustion chamber (partial regenerative cooling).
		Efficient cooling with suppressed boiling of the coolant and sufficient thermal insulation eliminate the need for injecting the propellant along the inner surface of the combustion chamber.
	www.everypatent.com /comp/pat5103637.html (3792 words)

	White Sands Missile Range Museum Exibits
		Alcohol was circulated through the space between the two walls to cool the chamber.
		This technique, called regenerative cooling, is still used in rocket engines today.
		As an added measure of protection from the heat of the combustion, four horizontal rows of holes were drilled in the inner wall of the chamber.
	www.wsmr-history.org /InsidePhotos5.htm (212 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		] A closed-flow system in which a refrigerant is compressed, condensed, and expanded to produce cooling at a lower temperature level and rejection of heat at a higher temperature level for the purpose of extracting heat from a controlled space.
		] A method of cooling gases in which compressed gas is cooled by allowing it to expand through a nozzle, and the cooled expanded gas then passes through a heat exchanger where it further cools the incoming compressed gas.
		Specifically, to a type of rocket engine in which one of the propellants is used to cool the engine by passing through a jacket prior to combustion.
	www.accessscience.com /Dictionary/R/R14/DictR14.html (2909 words)

	Improvements (Henry Spencer; Jeff Greason)
		For an example of the former, consider regenerative cooling of chambers.
		In fact, this is a particularly glaring example of an emperor with not many clothes, because regenerative cooling invariably has to be supplemented with something else, e.g.
		I'm more bullish on regenerative cooling's ability to provide long life than you seem to be -- but it's another area with a huge collection of ideas floating around very few experimental opportunities.
	yarchive.net /space/rocket/improvements.html (732 words)

	Chemical Rocket Launcher
		This means that it must have liquid propellant engine with either regenerative cooling (plumbing circulating cold propellant), or radiative cooling, it must withstand high stress during atmospheric reentry, and it cannot use expensive, ablative shield protecting it from the heat during reentry.
		This is called "curtain cooling." The exhaust gas rich in hydrocarbon fuel deposits protective layer of soot on the inner surface of the combustion chamber.
		Furthermore, the high pressure produced by the turbopumps necessitates the use of very efficient regenerative cooling and implies the use of weak propellant tanks which cannot survive reentry.
	www.islandone.org /LEOBiblio/SPBI101.HTM (4216 words)

	ch5-13
		The function of the injector is to mix the fuel and oxidizer thoroughly and uniformly for complete combustion, while the propellants also cool the injector face.
		The Lewis experimenters were trying the same but with larger engines (22 and 89 kN), combining regenerative cooling with thrust chambers of light weight to approach a practical flight design.
		Concurrent with injector and performance studies were several investigations of fabrication techniques for lightweight and cooled combustion chambers and nozzles.
	history.nasa.gov /SP-4404/ch5-13.htm (1338 words)

	EADS-Space Transportation GmbH - Space Propulsion Heritage. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Ottobrunn's regenerative cooling technology enables combustion temperatures greater than material temperature limits, thereby enabling the maximum possible performance to be extracted from the propellants.
		Today, Ottobrunn uses regenerative cooling as a standard practice for earth storable propellant, green propellant and cryogenic propellant rocket engines.
		Since the early 1970's, Ottobrunn's regenerative cooling technology has significantly advanced with investment into the very latest manufacturing and production techniques and over 30 years of experience.
	cs.space.eads.net /sp/Heritage (1102 words)

	Armadillo Aerospace News Archive
		Russ and Phil had our current water cooled chamber nickel plated over the brass, in preparation for running it in regenerative form with peroxide instead of water providing the cooling.
		We aren’t absolutely positive that there are no stagnant spots in the cooling jacket which might boil easier, but we do know for sure that the coolant is getting plenty hot, so we should assume that it is a raw heat transfer problem.
		The cooling problem appears to be independent of pressure in a given engine, because chamber pressure, and therefore heat transfer, is directly proportional to peroxide flow, which is proportional to heat absorption.
	www.armadilloaerospace.com /n.x/Armadillo/Home/News?news_id=87 (1722 words)

	MTH Pumps - Manufacturer of Regenerative Turbine, Centrifugal, Sealless, and OEM Pump Products.
		MTH Pumps is a commercial and industrial pump manufacturer serving a wide variety of markets and industries including boiler feed, condensate return, chillers / temperature controllers, water services, refrigeration, petroleum, as well as many chemical process applications.
		Our standard product lines include mechanically sealed regenerative turbines for low flow, high pressure, applications (1000PSI and 150GPM) as well as a line of small centrifugal's (60PSI and 100GPM).
		Regenerative Turbine Principles: «Click here to learn how Regenerative Turbine Pumps work.
	www.mthpumps.com (256 words)

	Gmane -- Mail To News And Back Again (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Henrik Schultz wrote: > Hi, > > We are working on an engine design with peroxide as the cooling agent.
		The only issues as I see it, is first of all to avoid > overheating the HTTP in the cooling channels, as it would start to > decompose in the channels, potentially leading to engine blowup.
		On the positive side, you don't have problems > with the kero leaving residue inside the cooling channels, i.e.
	article.gmane.org /gmane.technology.erps/13743 (216 words)

	Primitive rockets (George William Herbert; Henry Spencer; James A Davis; Tom Billings)
		The key problem is that the state of the art of materials technology of the time precludes efficient pressure vessels for propellant storage and limits what you can do with the rocket motor itself.
		Regenerative cooling would be difficult, but ablative cooling with say oak ablator would work.
		(Goddard did not use regenerative cooling.) >It would be hard to end up with tankage fractions much less than about >20% assuming 250 PSI chamber pressures, blowdown pressurization (which >is about all the technology would support then, or MTI which is still >tricky for us today...) those propellants, materials, and fabrication.
	yarchive.net /space/rocket/primitive_rockets.html (2214 words)

	INCA Wall interactions and radiation
		Aircraft engine combustors are traditionally cooled by diverting part of the airflow from the high-pressure compressor and reinjecting it in the chamber via small holes.
		Combustion chambers in liquid rocket engines are generally cooled by having one of the propellants circulate in tubes making up the chamber and nozzle.
		Called regenerative cooling, this method transfers heat from combustion to the propellant via the chamber wall, and optimizes performance.
	www.cnrs.fr /cw/en/pres/compress/INCA/radiation.htm (979 words)

	Regenerative cooling Information
		Regenerative cooling in rockets is where the propellant is passed through tubes around the combustion chamber or nozzle as the fuel is a good conductor of heat.
		The amount of heat is controlled by temperature difference, heat transfer coefficient and the velocity of the internal flow in the chamber or the nozzle.
		View a list of authors or edit this article.
	www.bookrags.com /Regenerative_cooling (78 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		It had 4 rows of holes letting fuel into the throat of the nozzle to make a cool film protecting the nozzle from the hot gasses.
		I knew they used the fuel for regenerative cooling but did not know they also used it for film cooling.
		Ley's book is a nice history of rockets, though only up till the date of the book, which could be in the 50s or 60s depending on which edition you get (and the name changed a bit too).
	spacetethers.com /posts/20030711 (148 words)

	Norit, leading in purification :: Flash Pasteurisation
		Heating and cooling occurs by plate heat exchangers.
		The ingoing product is (pre)heated in an effective regenerative section - (re)using energy of the outgoing product - and finally heated up to pasteurisation temperature by means of hot water and kept for the pasteurisation temperature until the required PU number is achieved.
		After the first regenerative cooling step, a glycol cooling section ensures the desired temperature of the outgoing product.
	www.norit.com /?RubriekID=2436 (130 words)

	Type X Linear Array (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In cross-section, the Phaser array takes on a thickened Y shape, capped with a trapezoidal mass of the actual emitter crystal and Phaser-transparent hull antierosion coatings.
		The base of an array segment sits within a structural honeycomb channel of Duranium 235 and supplied with supersonic regenerative LN2 cooling.
		The complete channel is thermally isolated by a high number of link struts to the vehicle framework.
	www.bravofleet.net /bravofleet/wphaser-type10a.htm (173 words)

	RunRyder Water Cooling
		Electric cooling fans would be easy, but a battery to run them would be a pain.
		Years ago I was working on a "air turbine" helicopter project which used a "ducted fan" on a KB "racing" 40 (rear rotor, ABC, Tuned pipe etc.) and due to the fan design (pressure fan rather than a typical "velocity" fan) overheating was a problem.
		First I tried to use straight "regenerative cooling" (run the fuel through the cool clamp then into the carb) but the Fuel flow rate was too slow and the fuel would "boil" after 10 sec or so.
	www.runryder.com /helicopter/t5280p1 (1312 words)

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