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Topic: Regional languages

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	Languages of France - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Several other languages are spoken by a substantial percentage of the population due to immigration.
		The topic of the teaching of regional languages in public primary and secondary schools is controversial.
		One example: while the data tell us that 610,000 adults in 1999 had one of the languages of Oc as their mother tongue, the survey also found out that another 1,060,000 adults were born and raised in families in which one of the languages of Oc was occasionally spoken.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Languages_of_France (1335 words)

	European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages (ECRML) is a European treaty (CETS 148) adopted in 1992 under the auspices of the Council of Europe to protect and promote historical regional and minority languages in Europe.
		Languages which are official within regions or provinces or federal units within a State (for example Catalan in Spain) are not classified as official languages of the State and may therefore benefit from the Charter.
		There are two levels of protection—all signatories must apply the lower level of protection to qualifying languages; signatories may further declare that a qualifying language or languages will benefit from the higher level of protection which lists a range of actions from which states must agree to undertake at least 35.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/European_Charter_for_Regional_or_Minority_Languages (274 words)

	Regional_language LANGUAGE SCHOOL EXPLORER
		VÃµro, a regional language of Estonia, belongs to the same family of Finno-Ugric languages as Estonian.
		Cantonese, a regional language of Guangdong, China, belongs to the same family of Chinese languages as Mandarin, and shared the same ideograms and writing systems.
		Catalan, the official language of Andorra, is a regional language in Spain, France and Italy.
	language.school-explorer.com /info/Regional_language (386 words)

	European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages - Explanatory report (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		It is well known that in some states the objective of the appropriate authorities is that the regional language should be the language normally and generally spoken in the region, and measures are taken to ensure that the language is known even by people for whom it is not their native language.
		By definition, regional or minority languages are spoken in the state concerned by a relatively small number of speakers: for the purpose of mutual enrichment in the cultural sphere, the latter may need to be able to rely on the cultural resources available, across frontiers, to other groups speaking the same or a similar language.
		At the same time, precisely because disparities exist between the situation of official languages and that of regional or minority languages and because those who practise the latter are often at a disadvantage, the charter accepts that positive measures may be necessary with the aim of preserving and promoting such languages.
	www.arts.uwaterloo.ca /MINELRES/coe/RML_exr.htm (10723 words)

	Euromosaic - German in France
		In France, German is considered to be a regional language and none of its dialects are officially recognized.
		At the time of the last language census in 1962, the percentages of people who spoke German as their first language and still used it on a day-to-day basis were 63.6% in Bas-Rhin, 59.2% in Haut-Rhin and 43% in and around the Lorraine town of Thionville (Born, 1989).
		In principle, current language policy is based on the Circulaire Savary and on the existence of the Conseil National des Langues et Cultures Régionales (National Council for Regional Languages and Culture).
	www.uoc.es /euromosaic/web/document/alemany/an/i3/i3.html (5091 words)

	Council of Europe – Explanatory report to the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages (ETS no. 148)
		The expressions "historical regional or minority languages of Europe" (see second paragraph of the preamble) and languages "traditionally used" in the state (Article 1, paragraph a) show clearly that the charter covers only historical languages, that is to say languages which have been spoken over a long period in the state in question.
		This is particularly important where a regional language in one state corresponds to a major cultural language, or even the national language, of another state and where transfrontier co-operation can enable the regional community to benefit from cultural activity in that more widespread language.
		Clearly, if a language were to be completely barred from relations with the authorities, it would in fact be negated as such, for language is a means of public communication and cannot be reduced to the sphere of private relations alone.
	conventions.coe.int /Treaty/en/Reports/Html/148.htm (10674 words)

	Joshua A. Fishman - The new linguistic order
		Indeed, for all the enthusiasm and vitriol generated by grand-scale globalization, it is the growth in regional interactions —trade, travel, the spread of religions, interethnic marriages— that touches the widest array of local populations.
		The language characteristically used with intimate family and friends, the language generally used with coworkers or neighbors, and the language used with one's bosses or government need not be one and the same.
		Language conflict occurs when there is competition between two languages for exclusive use in the same power-related function —for example, government or schooling.
	www.uoc.edu /humfil/articles/eng/fishman/fishman.html (3573 words)

	Languages of France
		There are a number of languages of France, although the French language is the only official language of the country.
		However, several historical regional languages are still spoken, to some extent.
		Certain of the languages of France are also cross-border languages (for example, Basque, Catalan, Picard, Norman, Franco-Provençal, Flemish, Occitan and others), many of which enjoy a recognised or official status in the respective neighbouring state or territory.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/l/la/languages_of_france.html (340 words)

	Council of Europe - ETS no. 148 - European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages
		The adoption of special measures in favour of regional or minority languages aimed at promoting equality between the users of these languages and the rest of the population or which take due account of their specific conditions is not considered to be an act of discrimination against the users of more widely-used languages.
		However, as far as these languages are concerned, the nature and scope of the measures to be taken to give effect to this Charter shall be determined in a flexible manner, bearing in mind the needs and wishes, and respecting the traditions and characteristics, of the groups which use the languages concerned.
		The Parties undertake to ensure that the interests of the users of regional or minority languages are represented or taken into account within such bodies as may be established in accordance with the law with responsibility for guaranteeing the freedom and pluralism of the media.
	conventions.coe.int /Treaty/en/Treaties/Html/148.htm (4694 words)

	Languages of France -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Some of them are sometimes called (A regional dialect of a language (especially French); usually considered substandard) patois, but this term (roughly meaning dialect) is sometimes considered derogatory.
		Several other (A systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols) languages are spoken by a substantial percentage of the population due to (Migration into a place (especially migration to a country of which you are not a native in order to settle there)) immigration.
		Opponents contend that local languages are often non-standardized (thus making curricula difficult), of dubious practical usefulness (since most are spoken by a small number of people, without any sizable corpus of publications) and that the curriculum and funding of public schools are already too strained.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/l/la/languages_of_france.htm (1230 words)

	Ethnologue report for Spain
		Regional varieties are sometimes preferred for oral use, but in Spain there is also a fairly strong desire for the Batua unified standard.
		Autonomous region of Extremadura (except the Fala-speaking valley in the northwest, Portuguese dialect-speaking strips in the west, and Spanish-speaking strip in the east), and a few neighboring areas.
		Aran Valley, headwaters of the Garona River in the northwest corner of the autonomous region of Catalonia, Pyrenees Mountains The capital is Viella.
	www.ethnologue.com /show_country.asp?name=Spain (1077 words)

	Bamako 1979 - Final Report
		The participants generally felt it was necessary to revise and refine the definition of "language of regional intercommunication" proposed by the Niamey (July 1978) and Ouagadougou (September 1978) meetings.
		However, the meeting overwhelmingly adopted the minimal definition of "language of regional intercommunication", that is, a language spoken in at least two African States.
		A common language is characterized, in all the countries where it is used, by a different number of speakers, different status spheres and levels of use.
	www.bisharat.net /Documents/Bamako79en-Report.htm (3638 words)

	EUROPA - Education and Training - langmin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The languages intended to benefit from these activities are indigenous languages traditionally spoken by part of the population of Member States of the European Union, or EEA countries.
		This definition does not include the languages of immigrant communities, artificially created languages or dialects of an official language of the state in question.
		The report "Support for minority languages in Europe" (pdf format 1.700kb), commissioned by the Language Policy Unit of the Directorate General for Education and Culture, is now available in its original English version.
	europa.eu.int /comm/education/policies/lang/langmin/langmin_en.html (240 words)

	[Cyberclub] Pakistan Television to launch channel 4 to promote regional languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		According to him, by launching channel 4, the long-standing demand of the audience would be met, who had been demanding an increase in the duration of regional languages' programmes.
		The channel is being launched exclusively for regional languages' programmes, where music, comedy and quiz shows, interviews, talk shows, plays, literary and cultural programmes and documentaries would be aired.
		All these programmes would be repeatedly transmitted, so that all viewers could see them.About the allocation of time, all the regional languages would get time in line with the population of the speakers of various languages.
	lists.isb.sdnpk.org /pipermail/cyberclub/2003-May/003154.html (382 words)

	policy with regard to unique regional languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		'Policy concerning the Unique Regional Language' is a comparative research project on policy and policy building concerning unique regional languages in the Netherlands and Germany: Frisian, North-Frisian and Sorbian.
		Nowhere is policy made on the basis of the intrinsic merits of a unique regional language policy.
		Language policy in Germany and the Netherlands : a comparison of the policy with regard to the three Frisian languages / Piet Hemminga
	www.mercator-education.org /default.asp?objectID=831 (731 words)

	Ethnologue report for Italy
		Northwest Italy, region of Piacenza to that of Ravenna, and between the Po and the Adriatic and the Apennines, in the territories of Emilia and Romagna, southern Pianura Padana (all provinces), southern Lombardia (Provinces Mantova and Pavia), northern Toscana (Lunigiana), northern Marche (Province Pesaro).
		Regional varieties coexist with the standard language; some are inherently unintelligible (Nida) to speakers of other varieties unless they have learned them.
		Northern Italy, city of Venice, area of the Tre Venezie; Venezia Eugànea westward to Verona, southward to the Po, and eastward to the border of the Fruili; Venezia Tridentina, in the Adige valley and neighboring mountain regions to the north of Trent; and Venezia Giulia, east of the Friuli, and including Trieste.
	www.ethnologue.com /show_country.asp?name=Italy (1407 words)

	languagehat.com: REVIVAL OF REGIONAL LANGUAGES.
		France spent much of the 20th century trying to eliminate the minority languages that were spoken by half its population 100 years ago.
		But now, France is experiencing a renaissance of interest in its regions and their languages, foods and customs.
		If it just means that a language uses glottal, pharyngeal, or uvular sounds, well, there's plenty of those languages.
	www.languagehat.com /archives/000611.php (633 words)

	DAWN - Letters; May 9, 2003
		I think there are two issues at stake here, one is the very limited time given to the regional centres for programmes in the regional language, but I think the only long-term solution for that is to have regional television channels dedicated to programming in the regional languages.
		The best idea would be to have individuals set up private TV channels in Pushto and other regional languages, but for that an initiative needs to be taken by the private sector to come forward and realize its potential.
		If regional languages are to be promoted in the musical programmes, then a fair representation needs to be given to the other languages too.
	www.dawn.com /2003/05/09/letted.htm (2878 words)

	EXPOSÉ DES MOTIFS
		Given the fact that the Provençal and Niçois languages are necessarily connected to their respective linguistic area, and that consequently they should not be relegated to any particular human grouping which would subordinate them to some higher or exclusive superordinate category (such as ‘Provençalophones’ or ‘Niçardophones’);
		This request has been presented by the socialist group and its affiliates (to which the President of the Regional Council belongs) and the communist group and its associates, that is to say, the parties of the left.
		The UMP and UDF groups, (of the right) have asked that this request be presented in the name of the Regional Council, to be voted on.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /~haroldfs/540/handouts/french/provencal.htm (436 words)

	Radio Australia - Languages - Home
		On radio for more than 60 years, our Indonesia online service brings you up-to-date, accurate, objective and independent news and current affairs, as well as transcripts and audio of specialist programs.
		Radio Australia's Khmer language radio program began soon after the signing of the peace agreement for Cambodia in the early 1990s.
		Our website brings you news and current affairs, as well as information and debate about topical issues in the region.
	www.abc.net.au /ra/languages (158 words)

	MINELRES: European Parliament - Resolution 30.10.1987
		arranging for pre-school to university education and continuing education to be officially conducted in the regional and minority languages in the language areas concerned on an equal footing with instruction in the national languages,
		the creation of foundations and institutes for the study of regional and minority languages, one of whose tasks would be to set up the educational machinery for the introduction of regional and minority languages in schools and draw up a 'general inventory' of the regional and minority language concerned,
		Instructs its President to forward this resolution to the Commission, the Council, the national and regional governments of the Member States, the Consultative Assembly of the Council of Europe and the Sanding Conference of Local and Regional Authorities of Europe.
	www.minelres.lv /eu/epres/re871030.htm (1703 words)

	MINELRES: European Parliament - Resolution 9.2.1994 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		whereas language is an essential means of communication in the European Union now being created and whereas European integration must make the use of the most widespread languages as a way of communicating across the present internal borders compatible with protecting and safeguarding the less widespread languages in regional or transregional contexts,
		(b) take account of the lesser used languages and their attendant cultures when working out various areas of Community policy, and make equivalent provision for the needs of speakers of lesser used languages, alongside the needs of speakers of majority languages, in all educational and cultural programmes.
		Instructs its President to forward this resolution to the Commission, the Council, the central and regional governments of the Member States, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, the Standing Conference of Local and Regional Authorities of Europe, the Conference for Security and Co-operation in Europe, the United Nations and Unesco.
	www.arts.uwaterloo.ca /MINELRES/eu/re940209.htm (1536 words)

	Jobs - Siemens AG - Regional Business Center Heads Oil & Gas - ME Abu Dhabi/Dubai m/f (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Power Generation provides a comprehensive portfolio of cost-effective and environment-friendly techniques of power generation as well as the entire range of conceivable services for a power plant project.
		-Create strategic Regional Business Plan with involved parties to plan for long term commitment and achieve successful penetration of the Oil & Gas accounts in the region with regional and international focus.
		Six Sigma experience and training and regional languages would be a plus.
	www.jobware.de /view/mpou51s191.html (448 words)

	World Languages and Regional Information
		The Language Family Index organizes languages according to language families.
		A well-organized index of links for language teachers including multi-language projects and keypal projects.
		A fun picture dictionary with 1100 entries, with corresponding names of objects in both English and a language of your choosing.
	www.icsd.k12.ny.us /highschool/library/languages.html (232 words)

	sms in regional languages in nokia6600 [Archive] - All About Symbian Forums (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		other nokia phones do support regional languages but nokia6600 does not.
		19-01-2005, 11:53 PM I guess it would support Hindi, if there was a Hindi language version of the firmware for the phone.
		I could be wrong, but I haven't heard or read of a version with Hindi + suitable fonts to exist.
	www.allaboutsymbian.com /archive/t-33100 (109 words)

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