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Topic: Regnal year

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	Anno Domini - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Documents and events began to be dated by the year of the cycle (e.g., "fifth indiction", "tenth indiction") in the 4th century, and was used long after the tax was no longer collected.
		A great many local systems or eras were also important, for example the year from the foundation of one particular city, the regnal year of the neighboring Persian emperor, and eventually even the year of the reigning Caliph.
		The Era of Martyrs, which numbered years from the accession of Diocletian in 284, who launched the last yet most severe persecution of Christians, prevailed in the east and is still used officially by the Coptic and Ethiopian churches.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Anno_Domini (1677 words)

	Regnal Year Calculator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Keep in mind that a monarch's last regnal year is cut short by death or deposition and may not include all dates.
		For example, January 1 in Elizabeth I's 1st regnal year occurred in the Christian year1559, but legally the year was still 1558, and would be until March 25.
		From January 1 to March 24, the convention is to note both years with a slash between them, e.g.
	www.albion.edu /english/calendar/regnal.htm (157 words)

	Ramesses XI - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		As the chaos continued, Herihor rose from the ranks of the Egyptian military before Ramesses' 19th regnal year, to restore a degree of order, and became the new high priest of Amon.
		Herihor died around Year 6 of the Whm Mswt (regnal year 24 of Ramesses XI) and was succeeded by Piankh as High Priest.
		Thijs, in his GM 173 paper, notes that the House-list Papyrus, which is anonymously dated to Year 12 of Ramesses XI (i.e., the document was compiled in either Year 12 of the pre-Renaissance period or during the Whm Mswt era itself) mentions 2 officials —the Chief Doorkeeper Pnufer and the Chief Warehouseman Dhutemhab.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ramses_XI (746 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: General Chronology
		From 1564 the year was reckoned in France from 1 January to 31 December.
		This was the Julian Period--one of 7980 Julian years, i.e.
		Egyptian Year, 29 August, 26 B.C., instituted on the reformation of the Egyptian calendar by Augustus.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/03738a.htm (4118 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A year could be specified, for example, by writing "year of the 3rd counting [in king...'s reign]", or in a shorter manner, used later, "year of the 3rd time".
		The beginning of a regnal year was 1 Thot (see below) of the year in which the king came to power.
		Year one of a king who began his reign on the 3rd additional day would have 3 days only.
	www.ortelius.de /kalender/egypt_en.html (812 words)

	Egyptian to Julian conversion: Civil calendar structure
		The year was usually identified by the regnal era of a king -- in principle, the number of years that had passed since the year of king's accession.
		From somewhere between year 19 and year 27 in the reign of Ptolemy II at least through year 8 of Ptolemy IV, the government operated a financial year that was based on the Egyptian civil calendar.
		Jones, ZPE 129 (2000) 141, showed that the year involved with these observations was the Egyptian civil year beginning in the Athenian year, since the two eclipses in year 55 were before and after the summer solstice, the year boundary in the Athenian version of the cycle.
	www.geocities.com /christopherjbennett/ptolemies/chron/egyptian/chron_eg_cal.htm (4213 words)

	Ptolemy V
		Year of birth inferred from Justin 30.2 which states that he was five years old when his father died.
		It probably covers year 16, since in this period the athlophore usually becomes canephore in the following year, and the canephores for years 13 and 18 are known to be Apollonia daughter of Athenodoros and Galatia daughter of Praxitimos respectively.
		Turning to the evidence of a numismatic transition from year 24 of Ptolemy V to year 2 of Ptolemy VI, it is necessary to explain the absence of coinage for both year 25 of Ptolemy V and year 1 of Ptolemy VI.
	www.tyndale.cam.ac.uk /Egypt/ptolemies/ptolemy_v.htm (3420 words)

	Part 3: Scriptural Arguments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		This prophecy was uttered "in the fourth year of Jehoiakim,...
		Daniel 2:1 on indicates Daniel was in Babylon in the 2nd year of Nebuchadnezzar.
		Either way one reckons, with the 70 years as years of servitude for Judah and the surrounding nations, running non-inclusively from 609 to 539 B.C., or as years of captivity, running from 606/5 B.C. to 537/6 B.C., is consistent with all Biblical and secular historical statements.
	www.geocities.com /osarsif/gentile3.htm (5992 words)

	New Testament Chronology - Calendars from the Exile to the First Century BCE
		In the first year of captivity in Babylon the new year began on April 1, 585 BCE with the sunrise for the Jews and sunset for the Babylonians.
		The regnal year is one year higher than Persian reckoning when it falls between the Egyptian new year on Thoth 1 (December during the period) and the Persian new year on Nisanu 1 (March/April).
		The presumed equivalence of the Syro-Macedonian calendar with the Babylonian calendar is derived from the initial equivalence of Daisos with Aiaru in 323 BCE, the year Alexander died.
	www.doig.net /NTC02.htm (7314 words)

	A medieval English calendar
		The calendar is organised either by historical year (click on the century in the list below) or, from the Norman conquest, by regnal year (click on the monarch in the list below).
		King John's regnal years were reckoned from his coronation, which took place on Ascension Day, a moveable feast, so that the dates varied from year to year.
		The affected regnal years were those beginning in March or later, and either starting or ending in a leap year, and the affected calendars those centred on March until the end of the regnal year.
	www.medievalgenealogy.org.uk /cal/medcal.shtml (392 words)

	Chronology of the Old Testament
		Although no scriptural evidence is available for the time of the beginning of the regnal year in the northern kingdom of Israel, when a Nisan-to-Nisan regnal year is used for Israel together with a Tishri-to-Tishri year for Judah, the perplexing discrepancies disappear and a harmonious chronological pattern results.
		According to the nonaccession-year system, that portion of a year wihch followed a king's accession to the throne and which preceded the official New Year (whether Tishri 1 or Nisan 1) was counted as his first official year.
		Dates for the Phoenicians Hiram I and Ethbaal I (father of Jezebel) are based on synchronisms and regnal years derived from the OT references and Josephus, Against Apion 1:116-126.
	library.sebts.edu /smadden/b1200/OTChronology.htm (632 words)

	Anno Domini : B.C
		On the pan-Mediterranean scale, that meant the regnal year[?] of the emperor ("in the Xth year of Emperor Such-and-such") and the tax indiction cycle (15 indictions[?] make up a tax cycle, an indicition is near a year in duration, more or less).
		A great many local systems were also important, such as the year since the foundation of your particular city, the regnal year of the neighboring Persian emperor, and eventually even the year of the reigning Caliph.
		Most historians agree that Jesus of Nazareth was born year 4 or 5 before the start of the year chosen as the start of the Gregorian calendar.
	www.fastload.org /b./B.C.html (1191 words)

	Common Era Article, CommonEra Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Sometimes one or both consuls might not be appointed until November or December of the previous year, and newsof the appointment may not reach parts of the empire for several months into the current year; thus we find the occasionalinscription where the year is defined as "after the consulate" of a pair of consuls.
		A great many local systems or eras were also important, for example the year from thefoundation of one particular city, the regnal year of the neighboring Persian emperor, and eventually even the year of the reigning Caliph.
		In this same history, he was the first to use BC andestablished the standard for historians of no year zero, even though he used zero in his computus.
	www.anoca.org /year/dating/common_era.html (1615 words)

	[No title]
		The first dating of the coins with Regnal Years of the Sassanian Kings appears under Piruz I (he ruled CE 459 to 484)12 on the Obverse of the coins from Regnal year ‘Three’ (Talta) until year ‘Eight’ (Tomana).
		The reason for Regnal year 1 not appearing on his coins was internal strife and uncertainty during the first few months of his reign.
		The coins of the first Regnal Year would have been minted a day or two before June 16, 632 while preparations were under way for his Coronation and the coins of his second Regnal Year on the day of No-Ruz, June 16, 632, the Coronation day.
	www.ahura.homestead.com /files/THEDAYOFNO-RUZDURINGSASSANIANTIMES_1_.doc (2379 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Nadab's accession year (in the 2nd regnal year of Asa) was the same as the last year of Jeroboam; and the first regnal year of Baasha (in the 3rd regnal year of Asa) was the same as the 2nd year of Nadab.
		Elah's accession year is the same as the last of Baasha; thus, the first year of his two year reign is the same as the last of Baasha.
		In the seventh year of Jehu began Jehoash to reign." Athaliah reigned over the land for six years after the death of her son Ahaziah, and in the seventh year she was killed.
	members.aol.com /gparrishjr/syncs.html (1774 words)

	Kemet.org : Wehem : Wepet Ronpet: The Opening of the Year
		We started the year with a wedding, that of Senni and Sean (at the retreat on Wep Ronpet itself), and added a second in March, that of kai-Imakhu Antybast and Seshet Ini.
		We shared tragedy (the accident that took the life of Shemsu Terry Atwood in February) and triumph (the birth of Dante and other events where Netjer's hand was clearly seen: either in healings, accomplishments or rites of passage).
		At the end of the current fiscal year (and halfway into our new regnal year), we will represent our faith in South Africa at the next Council for a Parliament of the World's Religions; and we hope as a group to make a pilgrimage to Egypt after that event.
	www.kemet.org /letters/shomu1299.html (632 words)

	Calisto - Regnal Years
		Over a long period of British history, particularly in legal documents, the year in a date was identified by reference to the year number of the king or queen's reign.
		Although her first year dated from 19 July Mary, by way of insisting that Jane Grey had not been queen, dated all following years of her reign from 6 July.
		Mary's years are reckoned from 6 July 1553, Philip's from 25 July 1554 when their joint reign started.
	homepages.tesco.net /~jk.calisto/calisto/tour_guide/regnal_yrs.htm (431 words)

	Regnal Year Conversion Chart (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The terms "Regnal Year" and "Regnal" do not apply to the first four era names in the table (Man'en, Bunkyu, Genji, and Keio).
		They were era years but not regnal years.
		Emperor Hirohito died on 1989.01.07 bringing the year Showa 64 to an end.
	www.japan-japan.com /regnal.html (371 words)

	Regnal Year Reckoning, footnotes
		David J.A. Clines, 'The Evidence for an Autumnal New Year in Pre-exilic Israel Reconsidered', JBL 93 (1974), pp.
		that in Kings Nebuchadrezzar's years are reckoned from Tishri, and in Jeremiah Judaean regnal years are reckoned from Nisan except in parallels with Kings.
		Some have thought that 'the beginning of the year' (rø'¡ ha¡¡ånâ) must be either a technical term for new year's day on 10.VII (in the autumn) or at least a reference to a beginning of the year in the autumn (so e.g.
	www.shef.ac.uk /uni/academic/A-C/biblst/DJACcurrres/Postmodern1/Regnalfns.html (4421 words)

	Chronology and dating
		In the same year that the start of the civil year was changed to 1 January, the 'new style' Gregorian calendar replaced the 'old style' Julian calendar in England (in September 1752, to be precise).
		However, from the late 12th century it became standard, instead, to date civil documents by the regnal year, that is, the year of the monarch's reign.
		The date at which the regnal year began is unknown for the earliest kings, as documents were so rarely dated.
	www.medievalgenealogy.org.uk /guide/chron.shtml (1983 words)

	Chapter 4
		I. It is said, that Daniel seems to confound the third year of Jehoiakim with the fourth year spoken of by Jeremiah in chapter 25:1.
		The statement that there was an expedition in the third year of Jehoiakim is said to arise from an erroneous interpretation on the part of the writer of Daniel of 2 Kings 24:1, combined with 2 Chron.
		It is said to be improbable that Nebuchadnezzar advanced upon Jerusalem in the third year of Jehoiakim, because in Jeremiah 46:2, he is said to have captured Carchemish in the fourth year of Jehoiakim.
	www.faithworksministries.org /user/download/BibleStudies3/studies_chap04.htm (5153 words)

	The Date of Jesus' Crucifixion, Calculated Based on Daniel's Prophecy of 70 Weeks
		It is important to note that the year, in Nehemiah's mind, apparently did not change to a new year in the month of Nisan.
		Continuing this count, his 20th regnal year extended from 1 Nisanu, 445 BC to 1 Nisanu, spring of 444 B.C. Nehemiah would have received the word from Artaxerxes to rebuild the city of Jerusalem in the Jewish month of Nisan, which, based on this method, would have been one month before Babylonian Nisanu, 444 BC.
		Passover fluctuates from year to year with reference to the equinox because Passover, based on modern Jewish calendar rules, is the first 14th day of a lunar month after the spring equinox.
	www.geocities.com /athens/parthenon/3021/ascension1.html (10653 words)

	Regnal Dates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Until towards the end of the reign of Queen Victoria (who died in 1901), all Parliamentary statutes and government orders, and many official and private documents, bore the regnal year of the current monarch.
		If the document was a will, then since lawyers were paid by the word, the year would be "the 4th year of the reign of our Gracious Sovereign Victoria, by the grace of God, of Great Britain, Ireland, and all her realms and territories, Queen".
		To translate a regnal year to a calendar year, you must know when the monarch first took office (the accession date).
	dansmith049.tripod.com /WDIM/WDIM_05.html (596 words)

	Regnal Year Calculator
		* Dual years written as "1324/5" reflect Old Style dating and will only occur between January 1 and March 24 in each year up to and including 1752, when the Gregorian calendar was adopted by England, Wales and most of her colonies and territories.
		Prior to 1753, the Julian calendar was in use and the legal year had begun on March 25.
		For example, January 1 in Elizabeth I's 1st regnal year occurred in the Christian year 1559, but legally the year was still 1558, and would be until March 25.
	www.ancestrysolutions.com /regnalyr.html (321 words)

	Ancient Egypt with pics
		In the 12th year of Ahkenaton's reign, Nefertiti apparently fell from favour and was supplanted by Meritaten, one of her six daughters.
		Around his third regnal year, the King moved his capital to Memphis, abandoned the Aton cult, and changed his and the Queen's names to Tutankhamen and Ankhesenamen.
		The beginning of the historical period is characterized by the introduction of written records in the form of regnal year names--the records that later were collected in documents such as the Palermo Stone.
	www.infomideast.com /mythology/history3.html (4674 words)

	Richard III Society--Warkworth II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Part II: Warkworth's Chronicle: The Coronation of Edward IV through the Elevation of William Stafford, Lord Stafford of Southwyke, to the Earldom of Devonshire in Edward's Eighth Regnal Year.
		Part IV: Warkworth's Chronicle: The Ninth Regnal Year of Edward IV through the Birth of Prince Edward in Sanctuary at Westminster.
		Part VIII: Warkworth's Chronicle: The Appearance of a "Mervelous Blasynge Sterre" in January of Edward's Eleventh Regnal Year through Defeat and Capture of the Earl of Oxford at St. Michael's Mount in Cornwall in Edward's Thirteenth Regnal Year.
	www.r3.org /bookcase/warkwort/worthii.html (1149 words)

	Pharaohs Exhibition
		Regnal year 23, the first month of Summer, day 15, under the Majesty of the King of Upper and Lower Egypt Khnemibra, given life forever:
		He was inducted into the house of Ptah in the second month of Summer, day 18.
		lifetime of this god was 18 years, 1 month, and 6 days.
	www.clemusart.com /archive/pharaoh/apisbull.html (255 words)

	Sasanian Empire/Kavad I, 1st reign
		I'm having a slight problem assigning regnal years to AD dates for Kavad (and making them fit the different terms of his reign); for now I think I'll use: year 1 = 488 AD, year 11 = 498 AD (2nd reign start), year 33 = 520 AD, and year 43 = 530 AD.
		There were obviously important events occuring in years 11, 13, 20, possibly 25, and 33.
		Diameter of obverse dotted border=7 mm.; diameter of reverse border=9 mm.
	www.grifterrec.com /coins/sasania/sas_kavI_1a.html (445 words)

	Sasanian Empire/Khusro II, page 1
		Year 1 struck at: RYW, AHM, WYHC, ART, MY, BYSh, AW, BN, YZ, NAR and AT (and probably others); year 2 struck at WYHC, AYRAN, RD and RA (?) [possibly RYW (?)] [year 2 statistics from T. Daryaee, ONS 150, 1996].
		I've found a MY, year 2 and another MY, year 2 {Steve Album List 133 (1997), Lot 57, listed as year 1 (but definitely is year 2).
		Diameter of obverse dotted border=18 mm.; diameter of reverse border=19 mm.
	www.grifterrec.com /coins/sasania/sas_khuII_1.html (361 words)

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