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Topic: Regnier de Graaf

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	Regnier De Graaf Biography \| scit_0312_package.xml
		De Graaf was born on July 30, 1641, in the Dutch town of Schoonhoven.
		In 1664, de Graaf conducted the first of his important experiments—in this case, involving the pancreas.
		De Graaf was only 32 years old when he died on August 21, 1673, a victim of the plague.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/regnier-de-graaf-scit-0312 (332 words)

	The Galileo Project
		De Graaf was able to pay for the publication of his 90 page dissertation and to include three plates.
		Rey, De Sylvius à Regnier de Graaf, (Bordeaux, 1930).
		M.J. van Lieburg, "Reinier de Graaf en zijn plaats in het fysiologisch onderzoek van de zeventiede eeuw," Gewina, 15 (1992), 73-84.
	galileo.rice.edu /Catalog/NewFiles/graaf.html (451 words)

	Developmental Biology Online: Anton von Leeuwenhoek and his perception of spermatozoa
		In 1673, however, Leeuwenhoek's fellow townsman, the prominent young anatomist Regnier de Graaf, brought him to the attention of the Royal Society in London as a maker of exceptional microscopes (1).
		It was de Graaf who recognized that the true egg was in fact much smaller than the whole follicle and discovered in rabbits what he took to be the egg in the middle of the fallopian tube (21).
		Unaware of de Graaf's distinction between the follicle and the actual egg, Leeuwenhoek immediately proclaimed his astonishment that so much had been ascribed to vesicles that contained nothing but a watery fluid with globules that could be dislodged only with violence to surrounding tissues (23).
	7e.devbio.com /printer.php?ch=7&id=65 (5596 words)

	Regnier de Graaf Summary
		De Graaf was born in Schoonhoven, Netherlands, on July 30, 1641.
		By observing the ovaries before and after fertilization, de Graaf was able to recognize changes in their structure and to see the release of fertilized ova.
		However, because the ovum itself was not identified until a century and a half later, de Graaf was unable to explain the phenomena he observed.
	www.bookrags.com /Regnier_de_Graaf (937 words)

	UNSW Embryology- Development History
		De Graaf R. De virorum organis generationi inservientibus, de clysteribus et de usu siphonis in anatomia.
		The contributions of Regnier de Graaf to reproductive biology.
		Regnier de Graaf: Paris, purging, and the pancreas.
	embryology.med.unsw.edu.au /History/page11.htm (635 words)

	Reignier de Graaf (1641-1673)
		Podemos situar a esta figura de la medicina en uno de los momentos de mayor esplendor de la anatomía descriptiva y en el que se produjeron las disputas sobre las teorías embriológicas entre los preformacionistas y los que defendían la epigénesis.
		Es interesante destacar que Graaf se dio cuenta de la naturaleza glandular del cuerpo lúteo, descubrimiento que no se estabeció definitivamente hasta 1900 y que significó un extraordinario avance para la moderna endocrinología.
		Graaf también ideó técnicas novedosas para inyectar sustancias solidificables y coloreadas en los vasos sanguíneos del cadáver, practicada ya en el siglo XVI y reinventada de alguna manera en el XVII, que le valieron muchas disputas con otros científicos, entre los que cabe mencionar a Jan Swammerdam (1637-1680).
	www.historiadelamedicina.org /graaf.html (1019 words)

	Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (www.whonamedit.com)
		It was his friend Regnier de Graaf (1641-1693) who made sure that Leeuwenhoek's achievements became known to a wider audience.
		De Graaf put Leeuwenhoek in contact with the Royal Society in London, to which he communicated most of his discoveries in papers in the form of a lengthy correspondence with Henry Oldenburg, the Society’s secretary.
		He was, however, able to rely upon such friends as Regnier de Graaf and Constantijn Huygens (1596-1687) as well as upon professional translators to aid him.
	www.whonamedit.com /doctor.cfm/1593.html (3705 words)

	Reignier de Graaf 1
		Podemos situar a este médico en uno de los momentos de mayor esplendor de la anatomía descriptiva y en el que se produjeron las disputas sobre las teorías embriológicas entre los preformacionistas y aquéllos que defendían la epigénesis.
		Reignier de Graaf nació en Schoonhoven, Holanda, en 1641.
		Graaf también ideó técnicas novedosas para inyectar sustancias solidificables y coloreadas en los vasos sanguíneos del cadáver, practicada ya en el siglo XVI y reinventada de alguna manera en el XVII, que le valieron muchas disputas con otros científicos, entre los que cabe mencionar a Jan Swammerdam.
	www.revistamedica.8m.com /eponimos/eponimos4.htm (849 words)

	The Ancient Path of Cleansing: The History of Colonic Hydrotherapy
		Regnier de Graaf, who is credited with the first description of the Graafian follicle was unhappy with the clysters available at the time, as in many cases they required both hands to operate the syringe or to squeeze the clyster bag.
		De Graaf described the proper method to use the clyster syringe in his treatise De Clysteribus published in 1668.
		The second type of enema apparatus was a pressure-fed type of enema which de designated the improved "syringe".
	www.isisboston.com /Cleansing/history.htm (2220 words)

	Physiology - MSN Encarta
		During the second half of the century the study of glands was initiated by the English doctor Thomas Wharton, who demonstrated salivary secretion, and by the Danish anatomist Nicolaus Steno, who demonstrated the secretions of the tear glands and salivary glands.
		The Dutch doctor Regnier de Graaf furthered glandular study by his discovery of the follicles in the ovary; he also performed studies on pancreatic juices and bile.
		The English doctor Richard Lower was the first to transfuse blood from one animal to another, and the French doctor Jean-Baptiste Denis first gave a human being a successful blood transfusion.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761577323_1/Physiology.html (916 words)

	De mujer - Desarrollo de gametos femeninos
		De 7 millones de óvulos que tienen los ovarios, mientras la niña está en el vientre de su madre, sólo quedan 400.000 al momento de su nacimiento.
		La edad desempeña un papel importante en el proceso reproductivo porque la mujer nace con el número total de óvulos que va a liberar a lo largo de su vida reproductiva, de tal manera que a los 20 años un óvulo tiene 20 años de edad y a los 40, tiene 40 años.
		Estas hormonas femeninas producen una serie de modificaciones en el aparato reproductor, como la producción de moco cervical, para favorecer la penetración de los espermatozoides, el desarrollo del endometrio, donde se anida el embrión, y el crecimiento del folículo, que se va a romper para que ocurra la ovulación.
	www.fertilab.net /de_mujer/rn_dgf.html (646 words)

	graaf - Joseph Dunstan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Volkert van der Graaf (born July 9, 1969) is the confessed murderer of Dutch politician Pim Fortuyn.
		Although Van der Graaf is often described as supporter of animal rights, he confessed in court...
		GM-50 is the most recent GRAAF creation, an integrated amplifier born to complete our production of the highest class.
	www.josephdunstan.com /graaf (175 words)

	Red Gold . Innovators & Pioneers . Anton van Leeuwenhoek\| PBS
		In 1654 van Leeuwenhoek returned to Delft and married Barbara de Mey, who was to bear him five children.
		As early as 1668 he took one of his microscopes on a visit to England and used it to examine chalk from the cliffs in Kent.
		In 1673 Regnier de Graaf, a brilliant young physician of Delft, wrote a letter about Van Leeuwenhoek's work to Henry Oldenburg, Secretary of the Royal Society in London.
	www.pbs.org /wnet/redgold/innovators/bio_leeuwenhoek.html (663 words)

	sucpanGM974 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Graaf, R. De succo pancreatico, or, A Physical and Anatomical Treatise on the Nature and Office of the Pancreatick Juice (1676).
		Graaf's first published work, originally issued in Latin in 1664, details his use of artificial pancreatic fistulae to collect the pancreatic juices of dogs.
		Reinier or Regnier de Graaf (1641-1673), Dutch physician, anatomist, and physiologist, is considered to be one of the creators of experimental physiology.
	www.collphyphil.org /HMDLSubweb/Pages/G/GraafR/sucpanGM974.htm (147 words)

	Academic Information for Benny Goldberg
		“Regnier de Graaf on the Generative Organs.” Given at: Canadian Society for History and Philosophy of Science (York University, Canada), May 29- May 31, 2006.
		“Regnier de Graaf’s Account of Sexual Anatomy.” Given at: Society for the Social History of Medicine Conference (University of Warwick, UK), June 28 – June 30, 2006.
		A paper on the history of the female body and female anatomy in the 17th century, focusing on the work of the Dutch anatomist Reignier de Graaf.
	www.pitt.edu /~beg9 (423 words)

	[No title]
		By the close of the nineteenth century it had been deduced that the CL originated from the ovulated follicle.
		Evidently de Graaf had mistaken the follicle for an egg.
		A definitive description of the follicle-enclosed "ovulum" was contributed by Karl Ernst von Baer in 1827.
	uwyo.edu /wjm/repro/early.htm (1422 words)

	Amazon.com: "organis generationi inservientibus": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		He did this in his treatise "De mulierum organis generationi inservientibus" (= On the organs of women which serve the purpose of procreation) (Leiden, 1672), and it seems fully justified that...
		Regnier de Graaf, De mulierum organis generationi inservientibus, trans.
		In 1668 Bidloo's countryman Regnier de Graaf produced the most thorough investigation of the penis to date.
	www.amazon.com /phrase/organis-generationi-inservientibus (570 words)

	Genetics
		His followers believed that the homunculus was in the sperm, the father “planted his seed,” and the mother just incubated and nourished the homunculus so it grew into a baby.
		On the other hand, Regnier de Graaf and his followers thought that they saw the homunculus in the egg, and the presence of semen just somehow stimulated its growth.
		In the 1800s, a very novel, “radical” idea arose: both parents contribute to the new baby, but people (even Darwin, as he proposed his theory) still believed that these contributions were in the form of pangenes.
	biology.clc.uc.edu /courses/bio105/genetics.htm (1873 words)

	Review-1
		Up to this time the significance of the pancreatic duct as a tool for physiological experiments was not realised.
		It was Regnier de Graaf (1641-1673) who demonstrated the importance of the pancreatic duct by its cannulation and by studies on pancreatic juice
		Thomas Wharton (1610-1673) of York, a busy practitioner who still found time to dissect was the first to do a systemic study of the glands of the body.
	ijod.uaeu.ac.ae /iss_0301/2.htm (1525 words)

	July 13th
		Born: Regnier de Graaf, 1641, Schoenhaven, in Holland; Richard Cumberland, bishop of Peterborough, 1632.
		In this object he was assisted by another Jew, named Jean de Louvain, who resided in Brussels, and had hypocritically renounced Judaism.
		Jean was poor, and in the hope of reward gladly undertook to steal some of the wafers from one of the churches.
	www.thebookofdays.com /months/july/13.htm (2396 words)

	The Galileo Project
		His De musculis et glandis (1664) shows an abundance of new observations and discoveries concerning the anatomy and physiology of individual muscles, and the triangularis.
		He dedicated his De musculis et glandulis observationum specimen (1664) to Frederick III, King of Denmark, hoping for an appointment to the University of Copenhagen.
		He received invitations from Copenhagen with promises of a professor's salary when he was in Italy in 1667 and 1668, but he continued his journeys of study.
	galileo.rice.edu /Catalog/NewFiles/stensen.html (982 words)

	History of Biology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Regnier de Graaf, on the other hand, thought he saw the homunculus in the egg and that the sperm merely triggers its growth somehow.
		This split the preformationists: was the miniature adult in the egg (followers of de Graaf) or the sperm (followers of Leeuwenhoek)?
		Additionally, Leeuwenhoek proposed that fertilization occurs when the sperm enters the egg, but this could not actually be observed for another 100 years because of the quality of microscopes which were available.
	biology.clc.uc.edu /courses/bio104/hist_sci.htm (7493 words)

	Embryology History
		At about the same time, in 1672, Regnier de Graaf described little chambers in the uterus of the rabbit and concluded that they must have come from the organs that he called the ovaries.
		He observed the changes taking place in rabbits' ovaries in the first days after fertilization and described vesicular follicles in the ovary, which are still called De Graaf’s follicles in his honor.
		However, he wrongly took the follicle to be the egg.
	www.medicine-faith.net /history.htm (1642 words)

	Scientific Basis for Juice Fasting
		This was followed by rapid advances in the understanding of the functions of the various body organs.
		Knowledge which we take for granted, for example, the purpose of the liver, the kidneys and the pancreas, was unknown before physiologists Marcello Malpighi of Italy and Regnier de Graaf of Holland illuminated the scientific world with their pioneering research.
		The existence of oxygen and the utility it has for living organisms simply was unknown before the work of John Mayow.
	www.medical-library.net /sites/_scientific_basis_for_juice_fasting.html (1642 words)

	Zora's Column--WN May 1988
		Boyle also is known to have corresponded with at least two citizens of Delft, the anatomist Regnier de Graaf (1641-1673) and Antony Van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723).
		Since both de Graaf and Leeuwenhoek shared their work and are credited with the discovery of procreative cells of humans, it seems likely that they were aware of alchemical concerns and descriptions of the various states of matter and specifically of the sources of life.
		We know Leeuwenhoek spent an enormous amount of time examining the relative pure states of snow water, rain water and material contributors to the beginnings of life.
	palimpsest.stanford.edu /waac/wn/wn10/wn10-2/wn10-204.html (679 words)

	Nothingandall: On this day in History - Aug 17
		Aqui fala-se de vida, amor, morte, poesia, política, futebol, efemérides, solidão, paz, humor, musica...tudo e nada; Here we talk about life, love, death, On this day in History, poetry, politics, football (soccer), solitude, peace, humour, music...
		1699 - Bernard de Jussieu was born († 6 Nov 1777).
		German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate on 1943 for his development of the molecular beam as a tool for studying the characteristics of molecules and for his measurement of the magnetic moment of the proton
	nothingandall.blogspot.com /2006/08/on-this-day-in-history-aug-17.html (1638 words)

	Ovarian follicle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Oocytes are swaddled in a layer of granulosa cells that are together enclosed in a thin layer of Extracellular matrix – the follicular basement membrane or basal lamina - to constitute the ovarian follicle.
		As ovarian follicles grow larger they become discernible to the naked eye, these large ovarian follicles are sometimes called Graafian follicles (after Regnier de Graaf).
		In humans, oocytes are established in the ovary before birth, and may lay dormant awaiting initiation for up to 50 years
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ovarian_follicle (573 words)

	UNSW Embryology- Beginnings, Growth and Development - Laboratory 3 - Gametogenesis
		early preovulatory follicle (Graafian)- oocyte, zona pellucida, corona radiata, cumulus oophorus, liquor folliculi, stratum granulosa, theca interna, theca externa, blood vessels surrounding follicle (Graafian Follicle named after Regnier de Graaf (1641-1673), a Dutch physician study of pregnancy in rabbits)
		Movie (click image to play) showing process of ovulation (release of oocyte and follicular fluid).
		de Graaf first observed it in the ovary of a cow as a yellow structure.
	embryology.med.unsw.edu.au /medicine/BGDlab3_3.htm (1298 words)

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