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	NEAR Science Update
		That is, the regolith of Eros is completely unprotected from the energetic photon radiation, the charged particle radiation, and the micrometeoroid fluxes of deep space, whereas the regolith on Earth is shielded by an atmosphere equivalent to 30 feet of water (in terms of the total mass above an area on the ground).
		In the lunar regolith, the space weathering leads to darkening and reddening of the material while reducing spectral contrast (i.e., overall reduction of albedo, change in spectral slope to be less reflective of blue light, and reduction of absorption band depth).
		This continual overturning of the regolith is referred to as impact gardening.
	near.jhuapl.edu /news/sci_updates/00jul05.html (927 words)

	Teacher Page: Regolith (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Regolith on young maria may be only 2 meters thick; whereas, it is perhaps 20 meters thick in the older lunar highlands.
		In this activity, procedures A and B challenge the students to determine the effects of wind, sandblasting, and water on regolith formation and deposition on Earth.
		This is followed by prodedure C in which the students simulate regolith formation on the Moon by meteoritic bombardment.
	www.spacegrant.hawaii.edu /class_acts/RegolithTe.html (614 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Regolith
		On Earth, the presence of regolith is one of the important factors for most life, since few plants can grow on or within solid rock, and animals would be unable to burrow or build shelter without loose material.
		The term lunar soil is often used interchangeably with "lunar regolith" but typically refers to the finer fraction of soil, that which is composed of grains one centimeter in diameter or less.
		The physical and optical properties of lunar regolith are altered through a process known as space weathering, which darkens the regolith over time, causing crater rays to fade and disappear.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Regolith (580 words)

	Scientific background and significance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Regolith is the surface layer of rocky solar system bodies which is created by destruction of the uppermost rock layer.
		Early models of regolith formation and evolution were able to explain the observed layer thickness, stratigraphy, and exposure ages (Langevin and Arnold 1977).
		A detailed model of ion implantation into the regolith in the presence of erosion, fragmentation, and agglutination of regolith particles does not yet exist, therefore the expected depth distribution of particle tracks in the regolith as a function of particle energy is not well known.
	www.phim.unibe.ch /internal/nf01web/node17.html (387 words)

	Regolith: World of Earth Science
		Regolith is a layer of loose or unlithified soil and rock debris that overlies and blankets bedrock.
		Lunar regolith (also known as lunar soil) is the loose material ranging in size from dust to boulders on the surface of the Moon, and is believed to have been formed as a result of meteorite impact and fragmentation.
		Regolith can be transported by a variety of geologic processes or formed in place by the chemical and physical weathering of bedrock.
	science.enotes.com /earth-science/regolith (418 words)

	Teacher's Resource Guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Be forewarned that the regolith samples in the Lunar Sample Disk are labeled “soil.” Although it is everywhere, the regolith is thin, ranging from about two meters on the youngest maria to perhaps 20 meters in the oldest surfaces in the highlands.
		The chemical composition of the regolith reflects the composition of the bedrock underneath.
		Regolith in the maria is rich in iron and magnesium, major constituents of basalt.
	lunar.arc.nasa.gov /printerready/education/tg/teach4.html (705 words)

	GSV Projects - Bendigo 100k Regolith
		The regolith mapping of the Bendigo 1:100 000 map area (BENDIGO) was a joint project between the GSV and Kotsonis and Joyce between 2001-2.
		In situ regolith is developed on the bedrock units (sedimentary rocks, the Harcourt Batholith and associated contact metamorphosed aureole) with predominantly deeply weathered profiles overlying fresh bedrock.
		The regolith of BENDIGO, in combination with drainage patterns and geomorphology, suggests a complex history of weathering and tectonic instability in the late Cainozoic.
	www.nre.vic.gov.au /dpi/nrenmp.nsf/FID/-35D92C08DE526BB5CA256DB20005DE02?OpenDocument (640 words)

	Regolith
		Regolith is a layer of loose, heterogeneous material covering solid rock.
		This layer can be caused by weathering and the results of biological processes.
		On Earth, it is one of the important factors for most life, since few plants can grow on or within solid rock, and animals would be unable to burrow or build shelter with a loose material.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/re/Regolith.html (73 words)

	Lunar regolith
		Regolith means lunar soil, a powdery mixture of minerals formed by eons of meteoric bombardment and pulverization of lunar rocks.
		The regolith of the mare, or "seas," of the Moon is not as deep as the highland regolith.
		This hardened plagioclase beneath the highland regolith should be similar to Earthly granite and it might contain pegmatites bearing useful metals.
	www.moonminer.com /Lunar_regolith.html (1032 words)

	State of own research (1998-2001) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Regolith formation, vertical and horizontal transport and the evolution of particle sizes are modeled.
		The model monitors the evolution of the regolith in two ways: First, the change in regolith thickness at randomly distributed test locations is computed yielding results about layer thickness and stratigraphy.
		(2000, 2001) are a regolith with a depth of at least several meters, a high surface density of boulders measuring several meters in diameter, and a shallow crater size distribution (relatively few small craters compared to the number of larger ones).
	www.phim.unibe.ch /internal/nf01web/node18.html (831 words)

	Periglacial regolith Cairngorm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Regolith comprising small blocks in a matrix of pebbles, granules and grit between Beinn a' Bhuird and Stob an't Sluichd
		As little regolith has developed subsequently on surfaces stripped by ice during the Late Devensian, it is clear that deep regolith developed at an earlier stage.
		The contrast between the relatively smooth surfaces of exposed blocks and the roughened surfaces of buried blocks is probably a reflection of the higher moisture content of the regolith and the greater potential for chemical weathering.
	www.fettes.com /Cairngorms/pggrit.htm (404 words)

	HA 730-G Piedmont and Blue Ridge aquifers text
		Included in the regolith are: saprolite, which is a layer of earthy, decomposed rock developed by weathering of the bedrock; soil that develops on the upper part of the saprolite; and alluvium, which is mainly confined to stream valleys and may overlie soil, saprolite, and bedrock.
		The relation of the regolith and the fractured bedrock is shown schematically in figure 90.
		The regolith and bedrock fractures are directly connected to form an integrated ground-water flow system in which the regolith functions as a reservoir, providing water to the interconnecting fractures in the bedrock.
	capp.water.usgs.gov /gwa/ch_g/G-text8.html (2314 words)

	Introduction to Karst Environmental Problems - Sinkhole Collapse
		Regolith collapses are much more common than bedrock collapses and generally result from regolith falling into openings in the underlying limestone.
		Collapses are also caused by spalling of saturated regolith down the opening, enlarging the arch, and eventually causing collapse at the land surface.
		Construction and land use changes that concentrate surface runoff in drains and impoundments may locally increase the downward movement of water resulting in the piping of saturated regolith into openings in the limestone.
	www.dyetracing.com /karst/ka01019.html (307 words)

	Rock fragment distributions and regolith evolution in the Ouachita Mountains, Arkansas, USA
		Rock fragments in the regolith are a persistent property that reflects the combined influences of geologic controls, erosion, deposition, bioturbation, and weathering.
		The distribution of rock fragments in regoliths of the Ouachita Mountains, Arkansas, shows that sandstone fragments are common in all layers, even if sandstone is absent in parent material.
		The regolith is a dynamic feature, reflecting the influences of vertical and horizontal processes, of active weathering at the bedrock interface, and of surficial sediment movements.
	www.srs.fs.usda.gov /pubs/9482 (429 words)

	House Committee on Science
		The amount varies with depth within the regolith because solar wind is implanted only 0.1 to 0.2 microns deep (a micron is one millionth of a meter).
		However, models of regolith formation predict that the amount of solar wind should generally decrease with depth, because deeper layers should have fewer grains that have spent time at the surface.
		If the abundance changes little with depth to the bottom of the regolith (typically 10 to 15 meters), then approaches to mining helium-3 would clearly need to be different than if the helium-3 is concentrated in the upper two to three meters.
	www.house.gov /science/hearings/space04/apr01/swindle.htm (2154 words)

	Regolith Excavation Challenge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Advances in lunar regolith extraction have the potential to contribute significantly to the nation's space exploration operations.
		The unique properties of lunar regolith coupled with the weight, power and time limitations imposed by interplanetary travel make lunar excavation a unique challenge, which is as of yet unmet by excavation technologies developed for terrestrial use.
		The systems designed to excavate lunar regolith will need to be lighter, more power efficient and able to operate autonomously in order to be effective in a real lunar mission scenario.
	www.californiaspaceauthority.org /regolith (503 words)

	[8.01] The regolith of Asteroid 433 Eros (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The main model input parameters are the mass and velocity distribution of impacting meteorites and shape, gravity, and strength of the surface material of the target.
		The well-studied regolith of the Earth's moon was used as a test case for the model.
		Results will be presented as maps of the regolith depth on the surface and predictions of the size distribution of regolith particles.
	www.aas.org /publications/baas/v32n3/dps2000/167.htm (224 words)

	Regolith (Henry Spencer)
		I thought that the lunar regolith was similar to concrete.
		Lunar Sourcebook estimates the near-surface porosity as about 50% (that is, the regolith is about 50% empty space by volume, although some of that is voids within particles), declining slightly with depth.
		The best way to turn regolith into something like concrete is to either melt it and cast it, or sinter it (less drastic heating under pressure, to make powder grains bond together).
	www.yarchive.net /space/science/regolith.html (932 words)

	regolith (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Apart from covers of till and dune sand, the regolith is composed largely of weathered bedrock.
		The condition of prehistoric stone monuments indicates that frost-shattering is of limited effectiveness today and the frost weathering may relate to the cold conditions which prevailed during the Lateglacial.
		Chemical weathering associated with soil development has also generated a metre or more of regolith, particularly on calciferous sandstones and flagstones which are susceptible to decalcification.
	www.fettes.com /Orkney/regolith.htm (171 words)

	NASA 2004-05 Lunar ISRU Design Competition
		To gather information on the regolith, the excavator system shall be designed to measure the bulk physical characteristics associated with excavation of the regolith, such as shear, yield, compaction, etc. The excavator design shall also take into account the abrasive dusty environment on the Moon.
		Due to micrometeorite bombardment the regolith in the permanently shadowed craters is likely to be abrasive, fine-grained, contain a high percentage of glassy agglutinitic particles, and have complex, discontinuous layering.
		Hardware to remove spent regolith after processing, and sensors and measurements to determine process efficiency shall be included in the design.
	fsgc.engr.ucf.edu /isru/what.html (1117 words)

	(((RGLTH)))
		Regolith formed in 2005 for the purpose of creating music on a geological scale; music of mountains, shifting like glaciers, slow and relentless processes on grand timescales.
		A founding member of both Cnut and Regolith, he still finds time to write solo material, orchestral pieces and find new and exotic ways to coax sounds from his guitar.
		To listen to some tracks not featured here and meet our lovely friends, head on over to the Regolith Myspace Page to see what all the fuss is about.
	www.regolith.co.uk (972 words)

	GSV Projects - Ararat 100k Regolith
		The ARARAT project is part of the GSV regolith program, which aims to map regolith of the key goldfield areas and their undercover extensions across central and western Victoria.
		Ararat is situated approximately 200 km northwest of Melbourne and is recognised as one of the most geologically significant and economically prospective regions of the Western Lachlan Fold Belt.
		Sixteen in-situ (bedrock) regolith units with weathering profiles strongly influenced by lithology, palaeorelief and structural complexity.
	www.nre.vic.gov.au /DPI/nrenmp.nsf/FID/-7BFDDE7B0DB41F9DCA256DCF007B4574?OpenDocument (366 words)

	The Space Review: The problems with lunar ISRU (page 1)
		Regolith is available everywhere and solar energy may be feasible for processing.
		This approach has the great advantage that removal of water from regolith is a physical (rather than a chemical) process and requires far less energy and much lower temperatures.
		While “lunar-tics” have plans for manufacturing spare parts on the Moon, producing silicon solar cells on the Moon from regolith, and extracting parts per million of solar-wind deposited atoms, fortunately such work is not yet funded even though it is included in JSC project plans.
	www.thespacereview.com /article/697/1 (2001 words)

	Regolith refining
		Lunar regolith consists of shocked and impact melted particles.
		Mare soil will yield more iron bearing minerals and titanium bearing ilmenite and will be processed to get those metals, but highland soil will have some mixed in due to meteoric "splashing" of regolith, and we want to get fairly pure anorthite for aluminum.
		It will be easier to extract the concentrated trace elements from rod ends which are melted off or cut off with lasers perhaps than it would be to extract trace elements directly from lunar regolith.
	www.moonminer.com /Regolith_refining.html (1776 words)

	Scrub Regolith Scrub mountainboards - Mountainboards - Mountainboards (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Scrub Regolith is the top of the range board.
		Slightly shorter than last year’s model, the board is very easy to control at any speed and the 3 spring positions allow preloading of heelside for kite use.
		Great as a performance downhill board or high speed kite board, the Regolith uses the same lightweight deck as the Ejector with the same hardware except it has the Scrub alloy channel truck with 3 spring positions.
	www.bilboquet.com /product/35_3/2650_scrub_regolith_mountainboards.html?LANG=en (208 words)

	APOD: 2002 March 3 - The Regolith of Asteroid Eros (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		regolith that has been chemically altered by exposure to the solar wind during
		The boulders visible inside the crater appear brown, indicating either that they are old enough to have a surface itself tanned by the
		solar wind, or that they have somehow become covered with some dark surface regolith.
	antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov /apod/ap020303.html (146 words)

	Regolith - Wikipedia
		Regolith ist eine mehr oder weniger stark verfestigte Mischung aus zermahlenem und zerbrochenem Gestein und erstarrten Gesteinsschmelzen auf der Oberfläche von Himmelskörpern.
		Regolith auf unsere Erde bezogen (allgemein): Der Regolith ist die Lockermaterialdecke, welche dem Saprolithen (angewittertes Anstehendes - Stichwort Grus) aufliegt.
		Der Regolith kann autochthon aus dem Anstehenden entstanden oder allochthon herantransportiert worden sein, z.B. als pleistozäne Solifluktionsdecke während der Eiszeiten (Pleistozäne Decklagen).
	de.wikipedia.org /wiki/Regolith (209 words)

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