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	dreddyclinic.com - Mitral Valve Regurgitation
		Mitral valve regurgitation, or mitral regurgitation, is a condition in which the mitral valve doesn't close tightly, allowing blood to flow backward in your heart.
		Mitral regurgitation may result from damage to the cords that anchor the flaps of the mitral valve to the heart wall.
		However, mitral regurgitation is commonly discovered earlier, during a routine examination when your doctor listens to the sounds of your heart with a stethoscope.
	www.dreddyclinic.com /findinformation/mm/mitralvalveregurgitation.htm (3388 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Tricuspid regurgitation
		Tricuspid regurgitation is a disorder involving backward flow of blood across the tricuspid valve which separates the right ventricle (lower heart chamber) from the right atrium (upper heart chamber).
		The most common cause of tricuspid regurgitation is not damage to the valve itself, but enlargement of the right ventricle, which may be a complication of any disorder that causes failure of the right ventricle.
		In the absence of high blood pressure in the lungs (pulmonary hypertension), tricuspid regurgitation is usually asymptomatic.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/000169.htm (638 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Mitral regurgitation - acute
		Acute mitral regurgitation is a disorder in which the heart's mitral valve suddenly does not close properly, causing blood to leak (back-flow) into the left atrium (upper heart chamber) when the left ventricle (lower heart chamber) contracts.
		Regurgitation (leaking from insufficient valve closure) is caused by diseases that weaken or damage the valve or its supporting structures.
		Acute mitral regurgitation may be the result of dysfunction or injury to the valve following a heart attack or infective endocarditis (infection of the heart valve).
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/000177.htm (887 words)

	Regurgitation - PetPlace.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Regurgitation is the backward flow or effortless evacuation of fluid, mucus, or undigested food from the esophagus.
		The timing of regurgitation in relation to eating is determined by the location of esophageal dysfunction, degree of obstruction, and presence or absence of esophageal dilatation.
		Regurgitation may be unassociated with eating when the esophagus is dilated, because this provies a reservoir for food and fluid.
	www.petplace.com /articles/artshow.asp?artID=314 (459 words)

	Mitral valve regurgitation
		Mitral valve regurgitation — or mitral regurgitation — is a condition in which the mitral valve doesn't close tightly, which allows blood to flow backward in your heart.
		Mitral valve regurgitation may result from damage to the cords that anchor the flaps of the mitral valve to the heart wall.
		However, mitral valve regurgitation is commonly discovered earlier, during a routine examination when your doctor listens to the sounds of your heart with a stethoscope.
	www.cnn.com /HEALTH/library/DS/00421.html (3405 words)

	eMedicine - Aortic Regurgitation : Article by Jerry Balentine, DO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Regurgitation is due to incompetence of the aortic valve or any disturbance of the valvular apparatus (eg, leaflets, annulus of the aorta) resulting in diastolic flow of blood into the left ventricular chamber.
		The severity of the aortic regurgitation is dependent on the diastolic valve area, the diastolic pressure gradient between the aorta and left ventricle, and the duration of diastole.
		Acute aortic regurgitation: Symptoms are manifestations of cardiovascular collapse.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/topic39.htm (1234 words)

	Postgraduate Medicine: Valvular heart disease
		Mitral regurgitation is commonly related to structural abnormalities of the valve leaflets, as seen in mitral valve prolapse, rheumatic disease, and infectious endocarditis.
		As in patients with severe mitral regurgitation, the preoperative size of the left ventricle in patients with aortic insufficiency is directly related to the postoperative ejection fraction, but with two important differences.
		Co-existent mitral regurgitation is likewise a relative contraindication for PBMC.
	www.postgradmed.com /issues/1999/12_99/harris.htm (3393 words)

	Aortic Regurgitation
		The aortic valve is between the heart's left ventricle and the aorta, the large artery that receives blood from the heart's left ventricle and distributes it to the body.
		Regurgitation means the valve doesn't close properly, and blood can leak backward through it.
		Aortic regurgitation can also be caused by infections of the heart, such as rheumatic fever or infective endocarditis.
	www.americanheart.org /presenter.jhtml?identifier=4448 (321 words)

	Mitral regurgitation - chronic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Chronic mitral regurgitation is a progressive, long-term disorder in which the mitral valve, which separates the left upper chamber of the heart (atrium) from the left lower chamber (ventricle), does not close properly.
		Chronic mitral regurgitation affects approximately 6% of women and 3% of men, but after 55 years of age, some degree of mitral regurgitation is found in almost 20% of men and women who undergo echocardiograms.
		Chronic mitral regurgitation can also be caused by disorders such as atherosclerosis, hypertension (high blood pressure), left ventricular enlargement, connective tissue disorders such as Marfan's syndrome, other congenital defects, endocarditis (infection of the heart valve), cardiac tumors, or untreated syphilis (rare).
	www.pennhealth.com /ency/article/000176.htm (912 words)

	eMedicine - Mitral Regurgitation : Article by Daniel DiSandro, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In acute mitral regurgitation from sudden disruption of the mitral valve, the symptoms are due to acute pulmonary edema.
		In acute mitral regurgitation, the examination usually is consistent with acute pulmonary edema and left ventricular failure.
		Mitral regurgitation is graded on a scale from 0 (none); 1 (mild); 2 (moderate); 3 (moderately severe); to 4 (severe).
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/topic314.htm (2984 words)

	THE MERCK MANUAL--SECOND HOME EDITION, Mitral Regurgitation in Ch. 28, Heart Valve Disorders
		In these regions, rheumatic fever is a common cause of mitral regurgitation only among older people who did not have the benefit of antibiotics during their youth.
		When regurgitation is more severe, people, particularly when lying on their left side, may have palpitations; that is, they become aware of their heartbeats, which are more forceful.
		If regurgitation is severe, the forward flow of blood is reduced enough to cause heart failure, which may produce coughing, shortness of breath during exertion, and swelling in the legs.
	www.merck.com /mrkshared/mmanual_home2/sec03/ch028/ch028b.jsp (1162 words)

	Mitral Regurgitation - CardiologyChannel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Mitral regurgitation is a condition in which disease or injury has caused the heart’s mitral valve to become leaky.
		Because some of the blood being pumped by the left ventricle flows back (regurgitates) into the left atrium, less blood is pumped into the aorta and, ultimately, throughout the body.
		The heart compensates for this by increasing the size of the left ventricle to increase the amount of blood it is pumping and to maintain an adequate forward flow of blood throughout the body.
	cardiologychannel.com /mitralregurgitation (537 words)

	Mitral valve regurgitation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Mitral valve regurgitation is also known as mitral insufficiency.
		Mitral valve regurgitation can be an acute (sudden and generally more severe) problem or a chronic (long-term) problem.
		Medications are used to treat the symptoms and underlying conditions associated with mitral valve regurgitation.
	www.ccmgonline.com /Education/Mitral_valve_regurgitation.htm (560 words)

	Welcome to CJW Medical Center's Web Site
		Aortic regurgitation is a heart condition in which the valve between the left ventricle (lower left heart chamber) and the aorta (the major blood vessel leaving the heart) malfunctions.
		In aortic regurgitation, the chest x-ray may show enlargement of the lower left ventricle, or in some cases, enlargement of the aorta.
		If aortic regurgitation is not causing symptoms, and heart function remains normal, you may be treated with medications that lower blood pressure to reduce the pressure against which the heart pumps.
	healthlibrary.epnet.com /getcontent.aspx?siteid=83cdf2ae-1739-11d4-a2d1-00508b62be1f&docid=/dci/aorticregurg& (837 words)

	American Family Physician: Surgery for Chronic Aortic Regurgitation: When Should It Be Considered?
		Aortic regurgitation can have many causes, including diseases that affect connective tissue, which is the substance of the aortic valve and the ascending aorta (Table 1).
		As the aortic regurgitation becomes severe, the increased left ventricular stroke volume delivered into the aorta results in a high systolic pressure, and the rapid runoff from the aorta back into the left ventricle results in a lower aortic diastolic pressure.
		The diagnosis of aortic regurgitation is made with the stethoscope and is based on the finding of a "decrescendo" blowing diastolic murmur, which is best heard along the left sternal border.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3225/is_10_64/ai_80099744 (1229 words)

	Aortic valve regurgitation
		Aortic valve regurgitation — or aortic regurgitation — is a condition that occurs when your heart's aortic valve doesn't close tightly.
		Aortic valve regurgitation is most common in men between the ages of 30 and 60.
		Treatment of aortic valve regurgitation depends on the degree of the regurgitation, your signs and symptoms, and whether the regurgitation is affecting your heart function.
	www.cnn.com /HEALTH/library/DS/00419.html (2742 words)

	High prevalence of fenfluramine-related aortic regurgitation in women with end-stage renal disease secondary to Chinese ...
		The ratio of the height of the aortic regurgitation jet at its
		with a long-term follow-up on the prevalence of aortic regurgitation
		Age-related prevalence of valvular regurgitation in normal subjects: a comprehensive color flow examination of 118 volunteers.
	ndt.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/18/5/906 (2250 words)

	Introduction: Mitral regurgitation - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Researching symptoms of Mitral regurgitation: Further information about the symptoms of Mitral regurgitation is available including a list of symptoms of Mitral regurgitation, other diseases that might have similar symptoms in differential diagnosis of Mitral regurgitation, or alternatively return to research other symptoms in the symptom center.
		Misdiagnosis and Mitral regurgitation: Research more detailed information about misdiagnosis of Mitral regurgitation, underlying causes of Mitral regurgitation (possibly misdiagnosed), or research misdiagnosis of other diseases.
		Treatments for Mitral regurgitation: Various information is available about treatments available for Mitral regurgitation, or research treatments for other diseases.
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /m/mitral_regurgitation/intro.htm (210 words)

	The Raving Atheist » Archives » July 2004 » Regurgitation
		Instead, the opposition replied that I was simply "regurgitating," and that, in fact, they were in the right because they came up with their own thoughts rather than simply posting what somebody else said.
		Keep in mind that I had posted several paragraphs in my own words explaining what my personal feelings on the subject were, and that the citations merely supported the facts I had presented.
		They are regurgitation in the fullest sense; the vomiting up of little scraps of "wisdom" picked up along the way but never digested, as unoriginal as they are incomplete: a dash of Pascal's Wager here ("God's the safest bet") and a sprinkle of the cosmological argument there ("the universe requires a creator").
	ravingatheist.com /archives/2004/07/regurgitation.php (1406 words)

	Congestive Heart Failure After Surgical Correction of Mitral Regurgitation : A Long-term Study -- Enriquez-Sarano et ...
		Mitral valve replacement for isolated mitral regurgitation: analysis of clinical course and late postoperative left ventricular ejection fraction.
		Intraoperative evaluation of mitral valve regurgitation and repair by transesophageal echocardiography: incidence and significance of systolic anterior motion.
		Mitral regurgitation: relationship of noninvasive descriptors of right and left ventricular performance to clinical and hemodynamic findings and to prognosis in medically and surgically treated patients.
	circ.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/92/9/2496 (5555 words)

	First NYC Patient Receives New Alternative to Open Heart Surgery for Mitral Valve Regurgitation at ...
		Four million Americans are estimated to suffer from mitral valve regurgitation, with nearly 250,000 additional Americans diagnosed each year.
		The condition occurs when the "leaflets" or "flaps" of the mitral valve, a one-way valve that connects the left atrium to the left ventricle of the heart, fail to shut completely as the heart pumps blood into the aorta, causing backflow (regurgitation) through the valve during each heart-beat.
		Have moderately severe to severe mitral regurgitation with symptoms or with evidence of left ventricular dysfunction
	www.columbiasurgery.org /news/pr/pr_050304.html (807 words)

	Valvular Regurgitation - Page 1 - HeartCenterOnline:
		Also known as valvular incompetence or valvular insufficiency, valvular regurgitation is a condition in which blood leaks in the wrong direction because one or more of the heart’s
		Valvular regurgitation may occur in any of the four valves of the heart: the
		Similarly, women with aortic valve regurgitation who do not have symptoms may have no cardiac health problems associated with pregnancy.
	heart.healthcentersonline.com /heartvalve/valvularregurgitation.cfm (541 words)

	Assessment of mitral regurgitation -- Irvine et al. 88 (Supplement 4): 11 -- Heart
		Determinants of the degree of functional mitral regurgitation in patients with systolic left ventricular dysfunction: a quantitative clinical study.
		Color Doppler regurgitant jet area for evaluating eccentric mitral regurgitation: an animal study with quantified mitral regurgitation.
		A new method for quantification of regurgitant flow rate using color Doppler flow imaging of the flow convergence region proximal to a discrete orifice.
	heart.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/88/suppl_4/iv11 (5765 words)

	Aortic Valve Regurgitation -- Overview
		Aortic valve regurgitation develops when the aortic valve does not function correctly.
		In aortic valve regurgitation, the aortic valve does not close properly.
		At this point, an aortic valve replacement is typically needed to prevent abnormal heartbeats (arrhythmias), heart failure, and irreversible damage to the heart muscle.
	my.webmd.com /hw/heart_disease/hw179694.asp (264 words)

	NEJM -- The Role of Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation in the Pathogenesis of Acute Pulmonary Edema
		NEJM -- The Role of Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation in the Pathogenesis of Acute Pulmonary Edema
		The Role of Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation in the Pathogenesis of Acute Pulmonary Edema
		Schwammenthal, E., Levine, R. The non-ischaemic dynamics of ischaemic mitral regurgitation: solving the paradox.
	content.nejm.org /cgi/content/short/351/16/1627 (450 words)

	Nutritional Management of Regurgitation in Infants -- Vandenplas et al. 17 (4): 308 -- Journal of the American College ...
		Regurgitation is a common problem of infants throughout the
		regurgitation consider it a problem for their baby [3,4].
		Regurgitation and reflux are commonly associated with general
	www.jacn.org /cgi/content/full/17/4/308 (4814 words)

	Relation between right ventricular enlargement, QRS duration, and right ventricular function in patients with tetralogy ...
		The degree of pulmonary regurgitation (mild to moderate, severe) was judged by two experienced investigators by the width
		A possible deleterious effect of pulmonary regurgitation on right ventricular function had been suggested in previous studies.
		Pulmonary regurgitation in the late postoperative follow-up of tetralogy of Fallot.
	www.heartjnl.com /cgi/content/full/84/4/416 (3054 words)

	Alterations of Myocardial Dynamic Stiffness Implicating Abnormal Crossbridge Function in Human Mitral Regurgitation ...
		Myocardial force-frequency defect in mitral regurgitation heart failure is reversed by forskolin.
		Left ventricular pump efficiency in long-term mitral regurgitation assessed by means of left ventricular-arterial coupling relations.
		Latent left ventricular dysfunction in patients with mitral regurgitation: feasibility of measuring diminished contractile reserve from a simplified model of non-invasively derived left ventricular pressure-volume loops.
	circres.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/90/1/66 (4382 words)

	NEJM -- Quantitative Determinants of the Outcome of Asymptomatic Mitral Regurgitation
		NEJM -- Quantitative Determinants of the Outcome of Asymptomatic Mitral Regurgitation
		Quantitative Determinants of the Outcome of Asymptomatic Mitral Regurgitation
		Gottlieb, S. Measuring mitral regurgitation predicts clinical outcome of treatment.
	content.nejm.org /cgi/content/short/352/9/875 (449 words)

	Flow reversal in the descending aorta: A guide to intraoperative assessment of aortic regurgitation with ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Flow reversal in the descending aorta: A guide to intraoperative assessment of aortic regurgitation with transesophageal echocardiography -- Sutton et al.
		Flow reversal in the descending aorta: A guide to intraoperative assessment of aortic regurgitation with transesophageal echocardiography
		aortic regurgitation and was always present in patients with
	jtcs.ctsnetjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/108/3/576 (372 words)

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