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Topic: The Reich Citizenship Law

	Citizenship - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Citizenship is membership in a political community (originally a city but now usually a state) and carries with it rights to political participation; a person having such membership is a citizen.
		In recent years, some intergovernmental organisations have extended the concept and terminology associated with citizenship to the international level, where it is applied to the totality of the citizens of their constituent countries combined.
		Whilst Commonwealth citizenship is sometimes enshrined in the written constitutions (where applicable) of Commonwealth states and is considered by some to be a form of dual citizenship, there have never been, nor are there any plans for a common passport.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Citizenship (1461 words)

	Nuremberg Laws - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The first law, The Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor, prohibited marriages and extra-marital intercourse between “Jews” (the name was now officially used in place of “non-Aryans”) and “Germans” and also the employment of “German” females under forty-five in Jewish households.
		The Reich Minister of the Interior in agreement with the Deputy Fuhrer and the Reich Minister of Justice will issue the legal and administrative regulations required for the enforcement and supplementing of this law.
		The Reich Citizenship Law stripped Jews of their German citizenship and introduced a new distinction between “Reich citizens ” and “nationals.” Certificates of Reich citizenship were in fact never introduced, and all Germans other than Jews were provisionally classed as Reich citizens until 1945.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nuremberg_Laws (936 words)

	Reich Citizenship Law - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Reich Citizenship Law was formed in Germany during World War II while Adolf Hitler was dictator.
		The Reich Citizenship Law stripped Jews of their German citizenship and introduced a new distinction between Reich citizens and nationals.
		The Reich Citizenship Law stripped all Jews of their German citizenship and enlightened a distinction between "Reich Citizens" and "nationals." It was the 2nd part of the Nuremberg Laws, and was broken down into three articles:
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Reich_Citizenship_Law (302 words)

	Reich Citizenship Law, September 15, 1935 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The status of subject of the State is acquired in accordance with the provisions of the Reich and State Citizenship Law.
		A Reich citizen is a subject of the State who is of German or related blood, who proves by his conduct that he is willing and fit faithfully to serve the German people and Reich.
		Reich citizenship is acquired through the granting of a Reich Citizenship Certificate.
	www.ess.uwe.ac.uk /documents/citizen.htm (160 words)

	Axis History Forum :: View topic - Nazi Anti-Semitic Legislation in Germany
		The Reich Minister of the Interior is empowered to issue the regulations necessary for the execution of this law.
		The Reich Minister of Justice and the Reich Minister of Labor with the concurrence of the Reich Minister of the Interior shall be authorized to issue instructions for the administration and the enforcement of this law, as well as introduce the appropriate provisions in Austria and in the Sudeten German Territories.
		The Reich association is subject to the supervision of the Reich minister of the interior; its statutes require his approval.
	forum.axishistory.com /viewtopic.php?p=558455 (8033 words)

	[No title]
		The Nuremberg Laws on Citizenship and Race: September 15, 1935 The Reich Citizenship Law of September 15, 1935 THE REICHSTAG HAS ADOPTED by unanimous vote the following law which is herewith promulgated.
		(2) The status of subject is to be acquired in accordance with the provisions of the Reich and the state Citizenship Law.
		The same shall be true of those upon whom the Reich Minister of the Interior, in conjunction with the Deputy to the Fuehrer shall confer citizenship.
	www.mtsu.edu /~baustin/nurmlaw2.html (653 words)

	History of the Jews in Germany (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		After the establishment of the North-German Confederation by the law of July 3, 1869, all existing restrictions imposed upon the followers of different religions were abolished; this decree was extended to all the provinces of the German empire after the events of 1870.
		At the same time the "Reich Citizenship Law" was passed, and was reinforced in November by a decree, stating that all Jews, even quarter- and half-Jews, were no longer citizens of their own country (their official title became "subject of the state").
		The drafting of the Nuremberg Laws is often attributed to Hans Globke.
	history-of-the-jews-in-germany.iqnaut.net (4916 words)

	The Reich Citizenship Law: First Regulation
		The Reich Citizenship Law was followed during the Third Reich by a series of supplementary regulations.
		The Nuremberg Laws, drafted by civil servants, failed to provide a clear answer (Hitler had struck out the term “full Jews’ from the draft of the Citizenship Law as it involved a new classification).
		Until further regulations regarding citizenship papers are issued, all subjects of German or kindred blood, who possessed the right to vote in the Reichstag elections at the time the Citizenship Law came into effect, shall for the time being possess the rights of Reich citizens.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/Holocaust/nurmlaw4.html (665 words)

	Nuremberg Laws on Citizenship and Race
		(1) A citizen of the Reich may be only one who is of German or kindred blood, and who, through his behavior, shows that he is both desirous and personally fit to serve loyally the German people and the Reich.
		The Reich Minister of the Interior, in conjunction with the Deputy to the Fuehrer, will issue the required legal and administrative decrees for the implementation and amplification of this law.
		Insofar as there are, in the laws of the Reich or in the decrees of the National Socialist German Workers' Party and its affiliates, certain requirements for the purity of German blood which extend beyond Article 5, the same remain untouched....
	www.btinternet.com /~ablumsohn/laws.htm (735 words)

	IB Holocaust Project: The Nuremberg Laws
		The Reich Citizenship Law of September 15, 1935 THE REICHSTAG HAS ADOPTED by unanimous vote the following law which is herewith promulgated.
		Jews are forbidden to hoist the Reich and national flag and to present the colors of the Reich.
		SECTION 6 The Reich Minister of the Interior in agreement with the Deputy of the Fuehrer will issue the legal and administrative regulations which are required fro the implementation and supplementation of this law.
	cghs.dade.k12.fl.us /holocaust/laws.htm (1279 words)

	THHP Short Essay: What were the Nuremberg Laws? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Nuremberg Laws were the first attempt by the Nazi government to define the Jews and as such, play a pivotal role in the process that lead to their annihilation.
		Among other things, it stated that a Reich citizen was a person who was of German or related blood and was the "sole bearer of full political rights in accordance with the Law".
		The second law was the Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor [Gesetz zum Schutz des deutschen Blutes und der deutschen Ehre].
	www.holocaust-history.org /short-essays/nuremberg-laws.shtml (965 words)

	The Forward Newspaper Online: The Day Evil Became the Rule of Law (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Law for the Protection of German Blood and Honor sought to effect a strict separation between Jews and Aryans by outlawing marriages between them, prohibiting extramarital relations and the employment by Jews of female Germans who are of childbearing age.
		The subjects covered by those laws were breathtaking: They ranged from depriving Jews of the right to work and earn a living, expropriating their property and throwing them out of the educational system, to absurd minutiae such as the ban on buying milk from a cow owned by a Jew.
		In all this, the Nuremberg laws stood at the apex, as the implementation of the core of the regime's ideology.
	www.forward.com /main/printer-friendly.php?id=4013 (936 words)

	Axis History Factbook: First regulation to Reich citizenship law
		Until further issue of regulations regarding citizenship papers, all subjects of German or kindred blood, who possessed the right to vote in the Reichstag elections, at the time the Citizen-ship Law came into effect, shall, for the time being, possess the rights of Reich citizens.
		The same shall be true of those whom the Reich Minister of the Interior, in conjunction with the Deputy of the Fuehrer, has given the preliminary citizenship.
		As far as demands are concerned for the pureness of blood as laid down in Reichs law or in orders of the NSDAP and its echelons—not covered in Article 5—they will not be touched upon.
	www.axishistory.com /index.php?id=6285 (675 words)

	Red Gold. Blood Basics: Blood in War - Protecting German Blood \| PBS
		The Reich Citizenship Law ("Reichsbürgergesetz") of September 15, 1935, distinguished between citizens and residents ("Reichsbürger" and "Staatsangehöriger").
		The Blood Protection Law further stipulated that Jews were forbidden to employ German servants under the age of forty-five in their households or to fly the national colors.
		The Reich Citizenship Law was intended to deprive those "not of German blood" of all political rights; the Blood Protection Law, in contrast, was designed to separate Jews from non-Jews in the sphere of reproductive and familial relations.
	www.pbs.org /wnet/redgold/basics/racialhygiene.html (873 words)

	The Holocaust Chronicle PROLOGUE: Roots of the Holocaust, page 86
		The Reich Citizenship Law and the Law for the Protection of German Blood and Honor, both carrying Hitler's signature, became centerpieces of Nazi Germany's anti-Jewish legislation.
		The Citizenship Law drew a fundamental distinction between "citizens" and "subjects." It restricted citizenship to those who were of "German or related blood." Only citizens, the law stipulated, could enjoy "full political rights in accordance with the law." Furthermore, citizenship was "acquired through the granting of a Reich Citizenship Certificate."
		The Law for the Protection of German Blood and Honor took effect the day after it was enacted at Nuremberg, except for the provisions in Paragraph 3, which were delayed until January 1, 1936.
	www.holocaustchronicle.org /StaticPages/86.html (531 words)

	The Avalon Project : Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume IV - Document No. 2124-PS
		The Law Relating to Citizenship of the Reich of 15 September 1935 (Reichsgesetz Bl.
		For the application of Section 12, paragraph 3, of the First Decree for the implementation of the Law for the Protection of the Blood, the 16 September 1935 is also to be considered the effective date of the Law for the Protection of the Blood in Austria.
		In the application of Section 15, sentence 2, of the First Decree for the implementation of the Law for the Protection of the Blood, the former possession of Austrian citizenship is equivalent to the former possession of German citizenship.
	www.yale.edu /lawweb/avalon/imt/document/nca_vol4/2124-ps.htm (710 words)

	Shofar FTP Archives: places/germany/nuremberg/nuremberg.003
		The Reich Citizenship Law, 15 September 1935 The Nuremberg Laws by their general nature formalized the unofficial and particular measures taken against Jews up to 1935.
		Certificates of Reich citizenship were in fact never introduced and all Germans other than Jews were until 1945 provisionally classed as Reich citizens.
		First Regulation under the Reich Citizenship Law, 14 November 1935 These laws also paved the way for a more systematic persecution of the Jews, for the Reich Citizenship Law was followed during the Third Reich by a series of supplementary regulations.
	search.nizkor.org /ftp.cgi?places/germany/nuremberg/nuremberg.003 (1353 words)

	Whittier Law School
		After the war, even a policy that had escaped confiscation was likely to be dishonored, whether because insurers denied its existence or claimed it had lapsed from unpaid premiums during the persecution, or because the government would not provide heirs with documentation of the policyholder's death.
		The exercise of the federal executive authority means that state law must give way where, as here, there is evidence of clear conflict between the policies adopted by the two.
		The law thus "compromise[s] the very capacity of the President to speak for the Nation with one voice in dealing with other governments" to resolve claims against European companies arising out of World War II.
	www.law.whittier.edu /holocaust/appendix_j.asp (3023 words)

	A View of WWII and Germany
		This chart, issued by the Reich Health Office in 1936, is an overview or "admissibility of marriage between Aryans and non-Aryans." The white circles represent "pure Germans", the circles with fl indicate the proportion of Jewish blood.
		The very first law passed by the Nazi controlled parliament of the territory of East Prussia in 1933, under the premiership of Herman Goering, was the abolition of vivisection, or experimentation on animals.
		This law also included a ban on the Jewish ritual whereby meat is made kosher: the ritual includes the slitting of an animal's throat and letting it bleed to death while a rabbi prays over the dying animal: this was rejected by the Nazis as a barbaric way of slaughtering animals which inflicted unnecessary pain.
	www.tks.org /europa.htm (7361 words)

	Laws.htm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The same shall be true of those upon whom the Reich Minister of the Interior, in conjunction with the Deputy of the Führer, shall confer citizenship.
		ARTICLE VI 1.Insofar as there are, in the laws of the Reich or in the decrees of the National Socialist German Workers' Party and its affiliates, certain requirements for the purity of German blood which extend beyond Article V, the same remain untouched.
		SECTION VI 1.The Reich Minister of the Interior, in agreement with the Deputy of the Führer and the Reich Minister of Justice, will issue the legal and administrative regulations which are required for the implementation and supplementation of this law.
	www.fatherryan.org /holocaust/nuremberglaws/laws.htm (1472 words)

	Nuremberg_Laws
		The Nazi Nuremberg Laws of 1935 used a pseudoscientific basis for racial discrimination against Jews.
		People with four German grandparents (white circles on the chart illustration) were of "German blood", while people were classified as Jews if they descended from three or more Jewish grandparents (fl circles in top row right).
		Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/n/nu/nuremberg_laws.html (973 words)

	Allianz - Speech by Professor Gerald D. Feldman at the Washington Conference on Holocaust-Era Assets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		It was systematized under the 11th Decree of the Reich Citizenship Law which mandated that insurance companies, banks and other institutions holding Jewish assets actually report them to the financial authorities so that they could be confiscated and threatened penalties for non-compliance.
		The 11th Decree of the Reich Citizenship Law of November 1941 not only mandated the confiscation of all such accounts and the face value of all insurance policies of Jews remaining in Germany but also made banks and insurance companies liable for reporting these assets within six months.
		It received further elaboration in the 13th Decree of the Reich Citizenship Law issued on July 1, 1943 which ordered that the assets of all deceased Jews were the property of the Reich.
	www.allianz.com /azcom/dp/cda/0,,457416-49,00.html (2159 words)

	Education \| Sinti & Roma
		The law prohibited Gypsies from "roam[ing] about or camp[ing] in bands," and those "[Gypsies] unable to prove regular employment" risked being sent to forced labor for up to two years.
		Soon the regime introduced other laws affecting Germany's Sinti and Roma, as the Nazis immediately began to implement their vision of a new Germany one that placed "Aryans" at the top of the hierarchy of races and ranked Jews, Gypsies, and fls as racial inferiors.
		The Nuremberg racial laws of September 15, 1935, ("Law for the Protection of German Blood and Honor" and "Reich Citizenship Law") did not explicitly mention Gypsies, but in commentaries interpreting these laws, Gypsies were included, along with Jews and "Negroes," as "racially distinctive" minorities with "alien blood." As such, their marriage to "Aryans" was prohibited.
	www.ushmm.org /education/resource/roma/roma.php?menu=/export/home/www/... (2003 words)

	Anne Frank: Nuremberg Laws (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		'Reich Citizenship Law: A Reich citizen is a subject of the state who is German or related blood, who proves by his conduct that he is willing and fit to serve the German people and Reich.
		Jews are forbidden to fly the Reich or National flag or to display the Reich colors.
		A Mischling is considered a Jew if he is descended from two full Jewish grandparents; who was a member of the Jewish Religious Community; who was married to a Jew; who was born from a lineage with a Jew or as the result of extramarital intercourse with a Jew.
	www.uen.org /Lessonplan/preview.cgi?LPid=1045 (1390 words)

	[No title]
		The Reich Minister of the Interior, in coordination with the Deputy of the Fuhrer, will issue the Legal and Administrative orders required to implement and complete this Law.
		The Reich Minister of the Economy, in coordination with the Ministers concerned, is empowered to publish regulations for the implementation of this decree.
		He may permit exceptions under the Law if these are required as a result of the transfer of a Jewish enterprise to non-Jewish ownership, for the liquidation of a Jewish enterprise or, in special cases, to ensure essential supplies.
	www.adl.org /education/dimensions_18_2/apps.asp (4567 words)

	The Holocaust Chronicle PROLOGUE: Roots of the Holocaust, page 87
		Later, a draft of the Reich Citizenship Law contained the provision that the law applied "only to full-blooded Jews," but that phrase was absent from the text read to the Reichstag on September 15, 1935.
		This order restated that no Jew could be a citizen of the Reich, decreed that Jews had no right to vote on political issues, specified that Jews could not hold public office, and required the retirement of Jewish civil servants.
		For the Nazis, logical consistency was less important than the fact that the Nuremberg Laws, now buttressed by the November definitions, had established race as the fundamental legal principle in German life.
	www.holocaustchronicle.org /staticpages/87.html (542 words)

	The Avalon Project : Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume IV - Document No. 1416-PS
		The status of the subject is acquired in accordance with the provisions of the Reich- and State Law of Citizenship.
		A citizen of the Reich is only that subject, who is of German- or kindred blood and who, through his conduct, shows that he is both desirous and fit to serve faithfully the German people and Reich.
		The Reich Minister of the Interior in conjunction with the Deputy of the Fuehrer will issue the necessary legal and administrative decrees for the carrying out and supplementing of this law.
	www.yale.edu /lawweb/avalon/imt/document/nca_vol4/1416-ps.htm (232 words)

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