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	Reichskonkordat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Reichskonkordat is the concordat between the Holy See and the German Reich, signed in 1933.
		After the constitution of 1919 of the Weimar Republic had instituted the separation of church and state, the Vatican and clericals active in the German Centre Party initiated negotiations on a concordat with the German Reich.
		The Reichskonkordat was signed on July 20, 1933, and ratified on September 10, 1933.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/reichskonkordat (553 words)

	Reichskonkordat - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		After the revolution of 1918 and the Weimar constitution of 1919 had ended the former relationship between state and churches, the Holy See - represented in Germany by Nuncio Eugenio Pacelli - and and Catholic politicians from the Centre Party, repeatedly pushed for a concordat with the new German Republic.
		After World War II After World War II, some challenged the validity of the Reichskonkordat but on 26 March 1957 the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany (Bundesverfassungsgericht) finally decided that the concordat was still valid.
		In reply to that, it should be noted that the Weimar constitution (whose regulations have been included into today's Basic Law) does not speak of a "separation" but rather rules out any state religion while protecting religious freedom, religious holidays and leaving open the possibility of cooperation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Reichskonkordat (817 words)

	Michael Cardinal von Faulhaber - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This is not possible at this time because the struggle against the Jews would then, at the same time, become a struggle against the Catholics, and because the Jews can help themselves, as the sudden end of the boycott shows.
		Faulhaber was also involved with Cardinal Pacelli in the negotiations of the Reichskonkordat which was signed on July 20, 1933 and ratified in September of that year.
		By the time the Concordat was signed the Nazis had eviscerated representative government in Germany but there was no objection in the document to that or to the Nazis' anti-Jewish activities.
	www.newlenox.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Michael_von_Faulhaber (767 words)

	REICHSKONKORDAT FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		On 30_January, 1933 Adolf_Hitler was appointed Chancellor and in April he sent his vice chancellor Franz_von_Papen, a Catholic nobleman and former member of the Centre Party, to Rome to offer negotiations about a ''Reichskonkordat''.
		The ''Reichskonkordat'' was signed on July_20 1933, and ratified on September_10 1933.
		After World War II After World_War_II, some challenged the validity of the ''Reichskonkordat'' but on 26 March 1957 the Federal_Constitutional_Court_of_Germany (''Bundesverfassungsgericht'') finally decided that the concordat was still valid.
	www.redabacus.com /Reichskonkordat (768 words)

	CONK! Encyclopedia: Pope_Pius_XII (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The 3 June encyclical Dilectissima Nobis, in which Pius XI protested against anti-Church policies in republican Spain, stated that the Church found no difficulty in adapting herself to various civil institutions, be they monarchic or republican, aristocratic or democratic, provided the divine rights of God and of Christian consciences were safe.
		Critics of the Concordat claim it linked the Roman Catholic Church too closely with Nazism, while defenders of the concordat argue that it was an attempt to protect the Church from anti-Church policies by the new government.
		The critics claimed his efforts to mitigate the Holocaust were inadequate and that his role in negotiating the Reichskonkordat may have been well-meaning but played into the hands of Adolf Hitler.
	www.conk.com /search/encyclopedia.cgi?q=Pope_Pius_XII (4248 words)

	✓ Reichskonkordat - Plastischechirurgiezentrum.de - Plastischechirurgiezentrum
		Als Reichskonkordat wird das 1933 zwischen dem Heiligen Stuhl und dem Deutschen Reich geschlossene Konkordat bezeichnet.
		Nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg war zunÃ¤chst umstritten, ob das Reichskonkordat weiterhin Bestand habe.
		Damit ist das Reichskonkordat das einzige heute noch gÃ¼ltige auÃenpolitische Abkommen aus der Zeit des Dritten Reiches.
	plastischechirurgiezentrum.de /index.php/Reichskonkordat (791 words)

	Reichskonkordat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		After the constitution of 1919 ofthe Weimar Republic had instituted the separation of church andstate, the Vatican and clericals active in the German Centre Party initiated negotiations on a concordat with theGerman Reich.
		The Nazi government accepted the far-reaching rights of the church in exchange for the agreementof the Centre Party to the Enabling Act.
		On March 26, 1957, the Federal Constitutional Court ofGermany (Bundesverfassungsgericht) finally decided that the concordat was still valid, making it thus the onlybilateral treaty from the Nazis that is still valid for Germany today.
	www.therfcc.org /reichskonkordat-90936.html (535 words)

	Online Encyclopedia and Dictionary - Pope Pius XII
		Cardinal Pacelli, representing the Vatican and Pope Pius XI, signs the "Reichskonkordat" with German Vice-Chancellor Franz von Papen, representing Germany and Chancellor Adolf Hitler, on July 20, 1933 in Rome.
		The strongest condemnation of Hitler's ideology and ecclesiastical policy was the Encyclical Mit Brennender Sorge, issued in 1937.
		The questions arising from the Concordat have re-surfaced of late because of the moves toward canonisation for Pope Pius XII, and recent reference to the Enabling act in the book Memoria e Identidad by Pope John Paul II, who cites it as an example of the dangers associated with Liberal Parliamentary Democracy.
	fact-archive.com /encyclopedia/Pope_Pius_XII (3052 words)

	Rebel Patriot (review)
		The title of Adam's biography, Rebel Patriot, has been well chosen in view of the vice chancellor's protest role and his bold efforts to build a dam against the revolutionary flood waters.
		He was successful in only one respect by the Reichskonkordat of July 1933 he was able to secure the legal status of the Roman Catholic Church.
		Papen made further attempts to divert the revolutionary high tide into legal channels by his tireless efforts as vice-chancellor; in 1933 Hitler himself shared this concern.
	www.ihr.org /jhr/v08/v08p-95_Franz-Willing.html (1762 words)

	WEIMAR REPUBLIC FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The fall of the Weimar Republic was closely analysed thirteen years later during the Nuremburg_Trials when it was decided that in the case of the aristocratic Catholic Franz_von_Papen, along with the Rhenish-Westphalian_Industrial_Magnates, conspiracy to assist Adolf_Hitler to power was not an indictable offence.
		So far history has left a question mark over the effects of Nazi coordination with the Roman_Catholic_Church and its desire for the "July 20" Reichskonkordat.
		The Church in Rome seemed to answer any accusations against the papal secretary at state and later wartime Pope_Pius_XII by nominating him for Sainthood.
	www.whereintheworldisbush.com /Weimar_Republic (5693 words)

	Hitler Ordered Destruction Of Vatican and Kidnapping Of Pius XII [Free Republic] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Since my father was wounded in France on June 9, 1944, and since I spent many hours in the course of my life helping him cope with his injuries, I figure I've done a little something for my brothers, the Jews, in my own meager little way.
		An encyclical by Pius XI in 1937---four years after the Reichskonkordat that papal nuncio Pacelli (soon to be Pius XII) negotiated in 1933.
		Indeed some of what you mention is new to me. But there is still the problem of the Reichskonkordat of 1933, negotiated by Cardinal Pacelli, that allowed four crucuial years to go by before the Church spoke out.
	www.freerepublic.com /forum/a3b8ba9360e26.htm (5674 words)

	Inside the Vatican - Monthly Catholic Magazine
		Yet on several critical issues, Cornwell’s negative perception of Pius foundered because of his lack of knowledge of European, and particularly German, historians working in the same field.
		As a case in point, there can be few more controversial decisions than that of Pius XI and his secretary of state, later Pius XII, to sign the Reichskonkordat of July 1933.
		The concordat has been variously portrayed as a cynical attempt to appease the newlyinstalled Nazi government by allowing the destruction of the Catholic Center Party (Zentrum) and even as a necessary step on the way to the Holocaust itself.
	www.insidethevatican.com /review-pius-xii.htm (2230 words)

	Catholics & Hitler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		And the facts are that Eugenio Pacelli, later Pope Pius XII, signed the "Reichskonkordat" with the NAZI government under Adolf Hitler on July 20, 1933.
		In fact, it was this very document, the Reichskonkordat, which allowed Hitler to take full and complete control of the German government.
		A non-Catholic who behaves well in your book is worse than some kiddie raper Priest who follows all your little rituals and then at the last minute "apologizes".
	www.moynihaninstitute.org /CatholicLeaguers2.htm (831 words)

	The Contribution of Alfred Verdross to the Theory of International Law (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It had, after all, been Mussolini who reinstated the Vatican as a territorial sovereign in the Lateran Treaty of 1929.
		And let us not forget that the Catholic church was quick in coming to terms with the Nazi regime, and that the Reichskonkordat concluded between the Holy See and Adolf Hitler as early as 1934 did much to legitimize the Third Reich in the eyes of devout Catholics like Verdross.
		More generally, and more closely related to Verdross's professional sphere, until 1938 the Third Reich scored one success after another in its foreign policy, its respective activities not only tolerated but viewed with surprising sympathy by official circles abroad.
	www.ejil.org /journal/Vol6/No1/art3.html (2390 words)

	Denying the real continuity in German history Why Social Democrat Ludwig Stiegler has infuriated Germany's Christian ...
		In the case of the Zentrum, this was achieved through political horse-trading.
		In the Reichskonkordat, which is still valid today, Hitler granted Catholicism extensive political concessions (the collection of church taxes by the state, guaranteeing religious education in state schools, etc.) subsequently initialled by the Pope and Prelate Kaas in Rome.
		Even if the CDU/CSU and FDP parties were newly established after the Second World War, in actuality and as the conscious intention of their founding members, they were nevertheless linked to the bourgeois and liberal parties of the Weimar Republic.
	www.wsws.org /articles/2002/apr2002/stie-a04.shtml (3394 words)

	Whitworth Press Release - Brown-Fleming Lecture
		In her lecture, Brown-Fleming will discuss the religious and political climate of Germany in the years preceding the Holocaust, and will focus on the pivotal year of 1933.
		"This year marked a split in German Protestantism into the 'German Christian' Reichskirche (Reich Church) and the anti-Nazi Bekennede Kirche (Confessing Church), as well as the Concordat (Reichskonkordat) between the Holy See and Nazi Germany, which clarified the rights of the Catholic Church in Germany," Brown-Fleming says.
		Brown-Fleming will discuss the percentage of Holocaust perpetrators who were self-identified Christians and will examine many of what she calls "pseudo-self-critical statements dealing with church complicity during the Nazi Period."
	www.whitworth.edu /News/2002_2003/Fall/BrownFlemingLecture.htm (322 words)

	Pictures illustrate Nazi link to Catholic Church
		As part of its Concordat with the Nazi regime, the Vatican had the huge Center Party, the Catholic Party, which had previously opposed the Nazis, vote for the so-called 'Enabling Act,' which gave Hitler dictatorial powers, and then dissolve itself.
		More than that, as Hitler told his cabinet on July 14, it established a context that would be 'especially significant in the urgent struggle against international Jewry.' The deep well of Catholic antisemitism would be tapped, to run as freely as any stream of hate in Germany.
		suggest that it was the "long-standing ambivalence" of the Catholic Church as an organization that had been, prior to the Reichskonkordat, "again and again...
	emperors-clothes.com /vatican/cpix.htm (4282 words)

	pius xii (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Holy See signs a concordat with Hitler's Germany
		Cardinal Pacelli, representing Pope Pius XI, signs the "Reichskonkordat" with the government headed by Nazi Chancellor Adolf Hitler, on July 20, 1933 in Rome.
		Both Hitler and Pacelli saw the Reichskonkordat as a victory for their side.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /Pius_XII.html (1941 words)

	Michael J. Totten: The Totalitarian Impulse
		I did not dispute Hitler's alleged motives concerning the Catholic Church, I disputed the position of the Catholic Curch/Pius XI concerning the Reichskonkordat as described by David.
		The fact that the Pius XI issued Mit Brennender Sorge in 1937 did not mean that he ripped that treaty to shreds.
		To make it clearer, the main reason for issuing Mit Brennender Sorge were violations of the Reichskonkordat by the Nazis.
	www.michaeltotten.com /archives/000704.html (16198 words)

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