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	Reichstag. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
		The new Reichstag, however, was not powerless; it was the supreme legislative body of the republic.
		The jurisdictions of the Reichstag and Reichsrat were limited to matters affecting Germany as a whole; in other matters the member states were sovereign.
		The Reichsrat was abolished in 1934, along with sovereignty of the German states.
	www.bartleby.com /65/re/Reichstg.html (642 words)

	Reichsrat (Deutschland) - Wikipedia
		Der Reichsrat setzte sich aus Vertretern der Deutschen BundeslÃ¤nder zusammen.
		Auch den Vorsitz des Reichsrates hatte jeweils ein Mitglied der Reichsregierung inne.
		Der Reichsrat teilte sich in FachausschÃ¼sse, innerhalb derer die Mitglieder in ihrer Stimmenzahl gleichberechtigt waren.
	de.wikipedia.org /wiki/Reichsrat_%28Deutschland%29 (628 words)

	Reichsrat (Austria) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Between 1867 and 1918, the Reichsrat was the parliament of Cisleithania, the Austrian part of Austria-Hungary, which was officially known as "the kingdoms and lands represented in the Reichsrat" (German die im Reichsrat vertretenen KÃ¶nigreiche und LÃ¤nder).
		It consisted of the Herrenhaus (House of Lords) and the Abgeordnetenhaus (house of deputies).
		Throughout its existence, the effectiveness of the Reichsrat suffered heavily from conflicts between the numerous constituent ethnic groups of the monarchy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Reichsrat_(Austria) (146 words)

	VATemplate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The Reichsrat is composed of a House of Lords ( Herrenhaus) and a House of Representatives ( Haus der Abgeordneten)
		In case the election law of the Reichsrat should provide for the election of substitutes of representatives, the foregoing provisions concerning eligibility are also applicable to such substitutes.
		The competence of the Reichsrat extends to all matters which relate to the rights, obligations, and interests common to the countries represented therein, in so far as these matters are not to be handled in common, in consequence of the agreement of the countries of the Hungarian crown with the other countries of the monarchy.
	www2.tltc.ttu.edu /kelly/archive/auscon.html (1744 words)

	Reichsrat (Germany) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Reichsrat was one of the two legislative bodies in Germany under the Weimar constitution, the other one being the Reichstag.
		After the end of German monarchy and the founding of the Weimar Republic in 1919, the Reichsrat replaced the Bundesrat as the representation of the various German states.
		The Reichsrat could only use a suspensive veto against the Reichstag's bills and had no influence on federal government.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Reichsrat_%28Germany%29 (340 words)

	(HIS,P) Weimar Constitution
		If Reichsrat passes a law draft which is not approved by the Reich government, the latter has to present the draft, with its divergent comment, to Reichstag.
		Reichsrat approval may be replaced by the specifications in Article 74.
		Expressis verbis the national assembly is succeeded by the Reichstag, the state committee by the Reichsrat, the president elected according to the law on preliminary Reich government by the president elected in accordance with this constitution.
	www.zum.de /psm/weimar/weimar_vve.php (10559 words)

	REICHSRAT (ÖSTERREICH)
		Der Reichsrat war das einzige Gesetzgebungsorgan Cisleithaniens, denn die Landtage der Kronländer hatten keine Gesetzgebungskompetenzen.
		Mehrfach wurde der Reichsrat wegen der ausufernden nationalen Konflikte suspendiert.
		Sitz des Reichsrats war seit 1883 das Parlamentsgebäude an der Wiener Ringstraße, welches heute der Tagungsort des österreichischen Parlaments ist.
	www.toonorama.com /encyclopedia/R/Reichsrat_(%D6sterreich) (234 words)

	Meet Brother Gregory
		The one group he never asked were the people themselves, who were thought of as tiresome and troublesome children that had to be amused and kept happy so they would continue to pay their taxes and be conscripted into the army without argument.
		The Hungarians were not amused, and everyone realized that the "Diploma" was the worst of all possible outcomes; it weakened the Empire, made the German middle class upset, and did nothing to satisfy the Hungarians.
		The Reichsrat gained legislative power over all the empire's subjects, had a House of Lords, and a House of Representatives with a membership of 343.
	www.brooklyn.cuny.edu /bc/ahp/MBG/MBG5/OctFeb.html (951 words)

	First World War.com - Primary Documents - George Saunders on the New German Constitution, February 1919
		The scheme of taxation recently announced by Herr Erzberger, the Imperial Minister of Finance, shows that this preserve of the separate states will now be formally invaded by the empire, with the probable result that the states will more and more lose the basis for their separate political existence.
		The sessions of the Reichsrat, unlike those of the old Federal Council must as a rule be public.
		The Reichsrat, it is true, can initiate legislation, for the Imperial Government is bound to submit its legislative proposals to the Reichstag.
	www.firstworldwar.com /source/germanassembly_saunders.htm (1924 words)

	Nazi Germany: The Decrees of 1933
		Thus, over the unavailing opposition of Socialist deputies, the March 24 session gave Hitler approval of legislation enabling him to exercise dictatorial rule for four years, leaving the Nazis free to suborn Germany's hitherto free institutions and subordinate both state and people to the ideological demands of the new regime.
		The Reichstag [the lower house of parliament] has passed the following law, which is, with the approval of the Reichsrat [the upper house], herewith promulgated, after it has been established that it satisfies the requirements for legislation altering the Constitution.
		The national laws enacted by the Reich Cabinet shall be prepared by the Chancellor and published in the official gazette.
	web.jjay.cuny.edu /~jobrien/reference/ob60.html (789 words)

	[No title]
		The Reichsrat elected in 1907 consisted of 257 non-Slav and 259 Slav members, of whom 108 were Czechs.
		One of the leaders, Professor Masaryk, escaped abroad, and is at the head of the Czecho-Slovak Government, recognised by the Allies as the trustee and representative of the Czecho-Slovak nation.
		On entering the Reichsrat on May 30, 1917, all the Czech deputies, united in a single "Bohemian Union," made a unanimous declaration that it was their aim to work for the union of all Czechs and Slovaks in an independent, democratic state.
	www.gutenberg.org /dirs/etext06/7iboh10.txt (18100 words)

	cars - Reichsrat (Germany) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The Reichsrat was the German upper house of parliament from 1919 until 1934, with representatives from the various states of the Reich.
		The Reichsrat was first deprived of its powers and later formally abolished by the Nazi Gleichschaltung which turned Germany into a centralized state.
		The Bundesrat was a similar, but more powerful institution between 1871 and 1918, consisting of the local monarchs or their delegates; in postwar Germany, the corresponding institution has again become more powerful than it was during the Weimar time and has again been known as Bundesrat.
	www.carluvers.com /cars/Reichsrat_%28Germany%29 (134 words)

	First World War.com - Who's Who - Count Karl von Sturgkh
		Preferring to rule via dictat rather than by consultation and negotiation, Sturgkh's relationship with parliament was never a happy one in spite of his initial success in securing passage of a fresh military programme in 1912-13.
		It was converted into a makeshift hospital during the war (an action he viewed with satisfaction in light of his contempt for the Reichsrat).
		Governing thereafter in the manner in which he preferred - by decree - Sturgkh's political and public popularity plummeted as the effects of policies of strict press censorship and restrictions upon the right of public assembly mounted.
	www.firstworldwar.com /bio/sturgkh.htm (309 words)

	MSN Encarta - Print Preview - Austria-Hungary
		During the early years of the compromise, nationalistic and ethnic conflicts were pushed aside, but these conflicts exploded in the mid-1890s.
		Conflicts between the Germans and the Czechs in Bohemia paralyzed the Austrian Reichsrat.
		Since the Austrian Reichsrat and the Hungarian Diet were so divided they could do little more than debate the issues, the emperor enacted emergency legislation and budgets were administered by emergency decrees.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761579967___8/Austria-Hungary.html (396 words)

	The Weimar Constitution
		A Reichsrat [upper house] will be formed for the representation of the German states in federal legislation and administration.
		After joining the German Federation, Austria will be entitled to be represented in the Reichsrat by a number of votes proportional to her population.
		The Reichsrat may protest against laws passed by the Reichstag.
	web.jjay.cuny.edu /~jobrien/reference/ob13.html (1453 words)

	Reichsrat (Ã—sterreich) - netlexikon
		Sitz des Reichsrats war seit 1883 das ParlamentsgebÃ¤ude an der RingstraÃe in Wien, welches heute der Tagungsort des Ã¶sterreichischen Parlaments ist.
		Die GeschÃ¤ftsordnung des Reichsrats machte ein wirksames parlamentarisches Arbeiten oftmals unmÃ¶glich, da trotz fehlender Dolmetscher jeder Abgeordnete in seiner Muttersprache reden durfte und die Redezeit nicht begrenzt war.
		Adolf Hitler besuchte wÃ¤hrend seiner Wiener Zeit 1907-1913 oft als ZuhÃ¶rer die Sitzungen des Reichsrats, deren Ablauf ihn in seiner Ablehnung sowohl des VielvÃ¶lkerstaats Ã—sterreich-Ungarn als auch des Parlamentarismus an sich bestÃ¤rkte.
	www.lexikon-definition.de /Reichsrat-%28Oesterreich%29.html (382 words)

	Austria-Hungary - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		This region (consisting of more than simply Austria) strictly speaking had no collective name, and hence was referred to as the "Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council;".
		The Imperial Council ( Reichsrat) was Cisleithania's parliament.
		Similarly, the Transleithanian ("Hungarian") half also consisted of more than simply Hungary, and was referred to as the "Lands of the Holy Hungarian Stephen's Crown," a reference to the sainted first Christian king of Hungary.
	www.encyclopedia-online.info /Austria-Hungary (2622 words)

	Reichsrat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The approval of both houses was needed for a law to come into force (except for legislation on finance and conscription).
		The Reichsrat was suspended several times because of national conflicts, e.g.
		The Reichsrat was at first temporarily located in a building in Währinger Straße and from 1883 in the House of Parliament on the Ringstraße boulevard in Vienna.
	www.aeiou.at /aeiou.encyclop.r/r377162.htm;internal&action=_setlanguage.action?LANGUAGE=en (205 words)

	East Germany - WEIMAR REPUBLIC (1918-33) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The Reichsrat replaced the Bundesrat (see Political Consolidation, this ch.).
		Established to guarantee state government supervision of national legislation, it was nevertheless subordinated to national control in that members of the Reichstag cabinet convened and presided over Reichsrat sessions.
		The Reichstag was empowered to override Reichsrat opposition with a two-thirds majority vote.
	www.country-data.com /cgi-bin/query/r-5045.html (495 words)

	The Weimar Republic I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Prussia was preserved intact, but half of her representatives in the new Federal Council (Reichsrat) were to be elected by provinces.
		In the Reichsrat each Land had votes proportionate to its population, with the exception of Prussia which was allowed a maximum of two fifths of the total.
		Legislation rejected by the Reichsrat could be passed by a two-thirds majority in the Reichstag (the Bundesrat had had an absolute veto).
	mars.acnet.wnec.edu /~grempel/courses/germany/lectures/20weimar1.html (3239 words)

	"The Constitution of the German Republic," In The Weimar Republic Sourcebook. 46-51. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		A Reichsrat is formed to give the German states representation in the lawmaking and administration of the Reich.
		The states shall be represented in the Reichsrat by members of their governments.
		Bills are introduced by the Reich cabinet, with the concurrence of the Reichsrat or by members of the Reichstag.
	faculty.uwb.edu /cbehler/teaching/theconstWeimar.html (1567 words)

	Online Encyclopedia and Dictionary - Austria-Hungary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Austria-Hungary originated in 1867 in a compromise between the Hungarian nobility and the Habsburg monarchy in an attempt to maintain the old Austrian Empire of 1804.
		This region (consisting of more than simply Austria) strictly speaking had no collective official name prior to 1915, and hence official sources referred to the "Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council".
		(The Imperial Council ( Reichsrat) functioned as Cisleithania's parliament.) Similarly, the Transleithanian ("Hungarian") half also consisted of more than simply Hungary, and bore the official designation of the "Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of [Saint] Stephen " -- a reference to the canonised first Christian king of Hungary.
	www.fact-archive.com /encyclopedia/Austria-Hungary (3081 words)

	Political systems within the Second Reich
		These states were represented on a National Level by the Reichsrat, the upper house of legislative Parliament.
		The Reichsrat had the power to veto legislation passed by the Reichstag.
		The Reichsrat had the right to veto Legislation passed by the Reichstag.
	www.schoolshistory.org.uk /ASLevel_History/secondreich_politicalsystems.htm (375 words)

	Cisleithania
		Each crownland had a regional assembly, the Landtag, which sent representatives to the Reichsrat until 1873, when the population was granted universal suffrage based on class differences (high classes got more influence during elections).
		The Reichsrat (with 498 members) was a stage of nationalist struggle between Germans and Slavs, more notably Czechs.
		At first Germans dominated but after an electoral reform in 1907 (which abolished class based suffrage) Slavs gained a majority.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/cisleithania (253 words)

	Karl Graf von Stürgkh
		Ever since March 1914, Austria’s government was a dictatorship based on Article 14 of the Constitution of 1867, which forced the closure of the Reichsrat.
		Immediately, there were widespread calls for the convocation of the Reichsrat according to constitutional law, but Stürgkh resolutely defied them, demanding that the focus of the government was exclusively toward the prosecution of the war.
		By this, Stürgkh virtually guaranteed certain hostility between the government and its people that was not to be found in any other country prosecuting the war.
	www.geocities.com /veldes1/sturgkh.html (977 words)

	Online-Lexikon: Cisleithania (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Each crownland had a regional assembly, the Landtag, which sent representives to the Reichsrat until 1873, when the population was granted universal suffrage based on class differences (high classes got more influence during elections).
		At first Germans dominated but after an electoral reform in 1907 (which abolished class based suffrage) Slavs gained a majority.For representation in federal matters (finance, defences) the Reichsrat appointed a delegation of 60 members to discuss these matters with the Emperor.
		Politics were paralysed because of the tensions between different nationalities.From 1909 onward Emperor Franz Josef autocratically ruled through imperial decrees.The Reichsrat was permanently dissolved in 1914.
	www.academicus.ch /en/cisleithania.html (204 words)

	International Military Tribunal "Blue Series," Vol. 2, p. 171
		Putting their opposition to all forms of Parliamentarianism into effect at once, the Nazis proceeded to curtail the powers of the Reichstag, to eliminate the Reichsrat, and to merge the Presidency with the Office of Chancellor occupied by the Führer.
		Subsequently, as I stated, the Reichsrat was abolished, and with that act the residuum of the power to legislate in the Reichstag was reduced to a minimum.
		I say the power was reduced to a minimum because the actual power to legislate was never taken away from the Reichstag, but certainly after the advent of the Party to power it was never permitted to exercise as a legislature.
	veritas3.holocaust-history.org /works/imt/02/htm/t171.htm (357 words)

	Das weltweite Österreich Journal - für Österreicherinnen und Österreicher in aller Welt
		Die Bezeichnung "Reichsrat" muss man auch in einem ideologischen Zusammenhang insofern sehen, als der revolutionäre Begriff "Reichstag" aus dem Jahr 1848 tunlichst vermieden wurde.
		Der Reichsrat des Februarpatents war als Zweikammerparlament konzipiert, wobei das Abgeordnetenhaus von den Landtagen beschickt wurde, und er war — ein wesentlicher Unterschied zum alten Reichsrat - nicht mehr ein beratendes, sondern ein beschließendes Organ.
		Der Reichsrat, der nunmehr lediglich für Cisleithanien zuständig war, nützte aber die Gunst der Stunde und erreichte in einem Junktim, ein Verfassungsmodell der konstitutionellen Monarchie durchzusetzen.
	www.oe-journal.at /Artikel/parl180801.htm (1668 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Karl Lueger
		The year 1885 witnessed, too, Lueger's election to the Reichsrat, where, although the only member of his party in the house, he quickly assumed a leading position.
		Not, however, until the brilliant victory of his party, now definitely called the Christian Socialist party, in the Reichsrat elections in 1897, when he was for the fifth time chosen burgomaster, did the emperor confirm the choice.
		Lueger's subsequent activity was devoted to moulding and guiding the policy of the Christian Socialist party and to the re-creation of Vienna, of which he remained burgomaster until his death, his re-election occurring in 1903 and 1909.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/09417a.htm (1050 words)

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