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Topic: Reichstag (institution)

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	Reichstag (institution) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Reichstag (German for "Imperial Diet") was the parliament of the Holy Roman Empire, the North German Confederation, and of Germany until 1945.
		The Reichstag of 919 in Fritzlar elected the first king of the Germans who was a Saxon, Henry the Fowler, thus overcoming the longstanding rivalry between Franks and Saxons and laying the foundation for the German Empire.
		From 1930 on, however, the Reichstag was practically circumvented with the use of the extensive powers that the constitution granted to the president.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Reichstag_(institution) (1167 words)

	Reichstag - German parliament - Reichstag Fire and Trial in Leipzig 1933
		After the implosion of the Empire in 1806, the term was subsequently used for the Parliament of the 1849 Frankfurt constitution draft that never came into effect, the Parliament of the Norddeutscher Bund from 1867-1871 and finally that of the 1871 German Empire.
		The Reichstag fire, a pivotal event in the establishment of Nazi Germany, began at 21:14 on the night of 27.
		The reconstruction is widely regarded as a success; at least it is obvious that the Reichstag, most importantly the huge glass cupola that was erected on the roof in memorance of the original 1894 cupola, is one of the most attractive sights for visitors to Berlin.
	www.germannotes.com /hist_reichstag.shtml (2018 words)

	The Peasant War (Germany) by Belfort Bax (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Every established institution — political, social, and religious — was shaken and showed the rents and fissures caused by time and by the growth of a new life underneath it.
		The Reichstag in question was summoned ostensibly for the purpose of raising a subsidy for the Hungarians in their struggle against the advancing power of the Turks.
		In 1502, for example, at the Reichstag held in Gelnhausen in that year, certain of the highest princes of the empire made a representation that, at least, the knights should permit the gathering in of the harvest and the vintage in peace.
	www.marxists.org /archive/bax/1899/peasants-war/ch01.htm (4723 words)

	Reichstag - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Reichstag (institution), the Diets or parliaments of the Holy Roman Empire, of the Austrian-Hungarian monarchy and of Germany (Second and Third Reich) until 1945
		Reichstag (building), the building in Berlin in which the German legislature met from 1894 to 1933 and again since 1999
		The Reichstag fire in 1933, which provided a pretext for the Nazis to increase their power
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Reichstag (133 words)

	GERMAN LAW AND LEGISLATION - Stormfront White Nationalist Community (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In passing this law the Reichstag was acting within its rights as defined by the Weimar Constitution; for the latter put no restriction on the ambit of such laws as might be enacted for the purpose of altering the Constitution.
		The subjects of the plebiscites were respectively Germany’s withdrawal from the League of Nations, the repudiation of the military clauses of the Versailles Treaty, the assumption by Adolf Hitler of the office of President of the Reich, and the reunion of Austria and Germany.
		The dissolution of the Reichstag on November 14, 1933, led automatically to the dissolution of the federative parliaments and the latter were not re-elected.
	www.stormfront.org /forum/showthread.php?t=196636 (12287 words)

	The Danish Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies
		In all circumstances, van der Lubbe was arrested and later executed for the deed, and the Nazis convinced President von Hindenburg to sign the so-called >'Reichstag Fire Decree' - ‘Decree by the Reich President for the Defence of People and State’ on 28 February 1933.
		The Reichstag Fire Decree was originally planned to be in effect for only a brief period of time.
		In this respect, the Reichstag Fire Decree constituted the perfect weapon, because it could be used as the formal basis for state-controlled attacks against left-wing politicians.
	www.holocaust-education.dk /baggrund/nazisternesmagtovertagelse.asp (783 words)

	bauhaus dessau
		the council of masters endorses a memorandum penned by marcel breuer, georg muche and farkas molnar on the institution of an architecture department.
		reichstag elections: extreme right 32, conservative parties 95, national liberals 45, other liberals 28, centrists 81 social democrats 100, communists 62, others 29 seats.
		reichstag elections: extreme right 14, conservative parties 103, national liberals 51, other liberals 32, centrists 88, social democrats 131, communists 45, others 29 seats
	www.bauhaus-dessau.de /en/history.asp?p=timeline24 (329 words)

	Karl Liebknecht. Militarism. New York: Huebsch. 1917. Chapters I & II.
		It is, on the contrary, an institution peculiar and essential to all societies divided in classes, of which capitalist society is the last.
		It is, in the first place, a national institution destined for attack abroad or for the protection against a danger coming from abroad, in short, designed for international complications or, to use a military catch-phrase, against the foreign enemy.
		The administration and management of the civic guard were taken out of the hands of the municipalities and transferred to those of the government, the democratic institutions were abolished, and the arms were taken away from the individuals and locked away in the depots of the military administration.
	www.lib.byu.edu /~rdh/wwi/1917/liebknecht/lieb2.html (3091 words)

	ipedia.com: Reichstag (institution) Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The term Reichstag is a composition of German Reich and tag.
		Reichstag as the German Parliament">2 The Reichstag as the German Parliament
		After the implosion of the Empire in 1806, the term was subsequently used for the Parliament of the 1849 Frankfurt constitution draft that never came into effect, the Parliament of the Norddeutscher Bund from 1867--1871 and finally that of the 1871 German Empire.
	www.ipedia.com /reichstag__institution_.html (1069 words)

	The institutional structures of German federalism / Uwe Leonardy. - Teil 2
		It is the successor institution of the Permanent Imperial Diet (Immerwährender Reichstag) of 1663 (seated at Regensburg) which was composed of plenipotentiaries of the various principalities and imperial cities, and presided over by the Emperor or his representative, and which itself was preceded by non-permanent Reichstage of a similar kind throughout the Middle Ages.
		After its dissolution in 1806 this institution was succeeded first by the Federal Assembly (Bundestag) of the (in reality confederal) German Federation of 1815 and then (for the northern part of the country) by the Bundesrat of the North German Federation.
		Upon its re-establishment by the Basic Law in 1949, the present Bundesrat was thus the heir to a long line of similarly structured institutions, all marked by the fact that in varying degrees and with varying powers they directly effected elements of intergovernmental coordination and cooperation in the constitution.
	www.fes.de /fulltext/bueros/london/00538001.htm (1406 words)

	The Reichstag Fire: What We Know Today
		Before the Reichstag fire broke out, he had been in the subterranean passageway that connects the Reichstag assembly building to the building in which the government apartment of the Reich President (Hermann Göring) is located.
		Bahar and Kugel also discovered that many of the SA involved in the Reichstag fire and the framing of van der Lubbe were murdered by fellow Nazis, along with lesser accomplices during the so-called “Röhm putsch” of June 30, 1934, thus insuring their silence.
		The institution of a German police state was accomplished via the false justification that was the Reichstag fire and thereafter through both the legislative process and via dictatorial decree.
	abelahsimmons.gnn.tv /blogs/12384/The_Reichstag_Fire_What_We_Know_Today (2429 words)

	Hoover Institution Library and Archives: West European Collection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		From its beginning, it concentrated on the acquisition of special materials such as parliamentary debates; reports of ministries; documents on foreign affairs; and monographic literature in the diverse European languages in the fields of history, politics and government, economics, and international relations.
		A major historical source for this period are the l50 microfilm reels of the records of the NSDAP (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei) Hauptarchiv, filmed by the Hoover Institution with approval of the Department of State at the Berlin Document Center in 1969/70.
		For the postwar period in Germany, special attention has been paid to the documents of the Allied occupation, the separate governments established in the two Germanys, the emergence and continuance of political parties of all shades of opinion, the new left, student uprisings and university reform, and self-images and self-questioning in both German states.
	www.hoover.org /hila/westeurope.htm (2953 words)

	the Holy Roman Empire
		Composition of the Reichstag in 1521, 1755, 1792
		It should not be thought of as a representative institution in the modern sense, because many individuals and communities were not represented in it, yet its decisions were binding on all subjects of the Empire, and it was the only institution with which the Emperor dealt.
		Their main resolution, the famous Reichsdeputationshauptschluß of 25 Feb 1803, was ratified by the Reichstag on 24 March 1803 and by the Emperor on 27 April 1803, with a reservation concerning the new allocation of votes in the Reichstag.
	www.heraldica.org /topics/national/hre.htm (11303 words)

	GEMA News 163 - "The Appreciation of Music" Part 4 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In December 1900, before the start of the deliberations in the Reichstag, the executive board of the German Composers' Co-operative was therefore able to inform its members with great satisfaction that as far as the "most important issues were concerned, the bill was decidedly on the side of the composers".
		Although the publishing bill was approved at the end of the debate, the members of the Reichstag threw out some of the improvements on copyright proposed in the copyright bill, for example, the extension of the copyright term.
		With the outcome of the debate in the Reichstag, those in charge of the German Composers' Co-operative saw themselves deprived of the economic basis for the foundation of the planned collecting society and made an appeal to the members of the Bundesrat - a last attempt to exert influence.
	www.gema.de /engl/communication/news/n163/wertschaetzung.shtml (3355 words)

	Miletarism - karl Liebknecht
		Though it is true that modern militarism is but an institution of our capitalist society, it is none the less true that it is an institution which has almost succeeded in becoming an independent institution; an end in itself.
		The speech made by Chancellor Caprivi (Bismarck's successor) in the Reichstag, on February 27, 1891, is the classical confession of a noble capitalist-militarist soul of its troubles and anxieties, its hopes and aims and the methods adopted in the pursuit of those aims.
		The railroads, the postal and telegraphic services are institutions of decisive strategical importance, not only for the war against the exterior, but also for the war against the interior enemy.
	www.rosakarl.org /tekster/K_tekst1.htm (13161 words)

	Holy Roman Empire - Questionz.net , answers to all your questions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Structure and institutions From the High Middle Ages on, the Reich was stamped by a most peculiar coexistance of the Empire and the struggle of the dukes of the local territories to take power away from it.
		His power was severely restricted by the various local leaders; after the late 15th century, the Reichstag established itself as the legislative body of the Empire, a complicated assembly that convened irregularly at the request of the emperor at varying locations.
		Although some procedures and institutions had been fixed, for example by the Golden Bull of 1356, the rules of how the king, the electors, and the other dukes should cooperate in the Empire much depended on the personality of the respective king.
	www.questionz.net /Mozart/Holy_Roman_Empire.html (4110 words)

	History and its documents (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		At the opening of the Reichstag in February 1879, the emperor, in reference to the [antisocialist] law of October 21, 1878, gave expression to the hope that this House would not refuse its cooperation to the remedying of social ills by means of legislation.
		Past institutions intended to insure working people against the danger of falling into a condition of helplessness owing to the incapacity resulting from accident or age have proved inadequate, and their insufficiency has to no small extent contributed to cause the working classes to seek help by participating in social democratic movements.
		These classes must, by the evident and direct advantages which are secured to them by legislative measures, be led to regard the state not as an institution contrived for the protection of the better classes of society, but as one serving their own needs and interests.
	www.open.ac.uk /Arts/documents/a221doc.htm (871 words)

	Morganatic and Unequal Marriages in German Law
		Finally, German law had a peculiar institution (derived from Lombard law) called "morganatic marriage." This was a marriage in which, by virtue of the contract itself, the claims of the spouse and offspring were limited in certain ways.
		As a consequence, the institution of mismarriage (and of morganatic marriage) were preserved from the general "abolition by omission", but only for members of those categories.
		In 1546 and 1547, having won the victory of Mühlberg against the Protestant princes led by the elector of Saxony, Emperor Charles V held a Reichstag in Augsburg.
	www.heraldica.org /topics/royalty/g_morganat.htm (15422 words)

	Hitler Speech on Foreign Policy (1937)
		Nor would it be possible to bring this about by collaborating with these institutions, but only by establishing a new movement which will fight against them for the purpose of carrying through a radical reformation in political, cultural and economic life.
		These public institutions are right and useful according to the measure in which their energies are directed towards this task.
		If in our time some other institution is to take the place of this power for the purpose or regulating relations between the peoples, then it must take account of natural vital claims and decide accordingly.
	www.calvin.edu /academic/cas/gpa/hitler1.htm (13654 words)

	Karl Liebknecht. Militarism. New York: Huebsch. 1917. Chapter IV
		More or less honestly the authorities attempted to grapple with this repelling institution which proved of too great an advantage to the socialist propaganda, and though they did not believe in any substantial success, they yet wanted to arouse the impression of dislike for the institution and readiness to try their best to abolish it.
		They began to hunt down with a certain amount of severity those guilty of maltreating soldiers, but militarism has after all a greater interest in maintaining military discipline, in training the people in arms to be docile fighters in the struggle against their own international and national interests than in attacking the maltreatment of soldiers.
		At all events, that institution, like its Belgian counterpart, the civic guard, has the advantage of reducing those effects of militarism which are disagreeable even to the bourgeoisie (maltreatment of soldiers, expense, etc.) and of partly withholding some highly effective material for agitation from the enemies of the capitalist order of society.
	www.gwpda.org /wwi-www/Liebknecht/lieb3.html (9009 words)

	BBC News \| Europe \| The Reichstag: A turbulent history
		Bomb damage: Berlin's Reichstag at the end of World War II Originally built in 1894, the Reichstag has undergone a four-year renovation led by British architect Sir Norman Foster.
		Topped by a completely rebuilt glass dome, lined with a viewing gallery for the public to look down upon the workings of their representatives, the new building is meant to symbolise the openness and transparency of 50 years of federal democracy.
		But supporters of the return to the Reichstag point to the building's original place as the cradle of German democracy during the Bismarck era of Prussian rule.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/europe/322967.stm (754 words)

	Means used by the Nazi conspirators in gaining control of the German State. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The legislative as well as the executive powers of the government were concentrated in Hitler and the Cabinet (2001-PS; the legislative activities of the Cabinet (Reichsregierung) and its power to contravene constitutional limitations are treated in Section 3 of Chapter XV).
		The Reichstag was retained chiefly as a sounding board for Hitler's speeches.
		Hitler indicated in a 1939 decree that the Reichstag would be permitted to enact only such laws as he, in his own judgment, might deem appropriate for Reichstag legislation.
	www.vex.net /~nizkor/hweb/imt/nca/nca-01/nca-01-07-means-13.html (450 words)

	Digital Libraries - Research und Development (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This special institution, a department of the Ministery of the Interior, was founded 1920 as final arbitrator of whether a film could or could not be distributed and shown throughout Germany.
		The Institut für Papyrologie at Heidelberg University is the sole independent university institution in Germany, which is dedicated to research and teaching in the field of Papyrology.
		During the work on this project the Heidelberg Institut für Papyrologie will be able not only to develop competence it already has in the area of retrospective digitization but also to pass on and share this knowledge and experience with other institutions which are interested in the digitazation of papyri.
	gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de /en-old/projects/vdf.en.html (9937 words)

	Revelations from Joseph Goebbels' Diary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		It was the prankster "Putzi" Hanfstaengl, saying: "The Reichstag's on fire." Goebbels remembered that he'd been had twice by Hanfstaengl already that week, and he thought this was another prank, so he just put the phone down.
		Hanfstaengl phoned again and said, "You'd better listen to what I'm saying, The Reichstag's on fire." Goebbels realized this could be serious after all, so he made a phone call to the police station at the Brandenburg Gate, which confirmed that the Reichstag was on fire.
		When I visited the Hoover Institution library in Stanford, California, to see the portion of the original Goebbels diary that they have there, this was the first page I asked to see.
	www.codoh.com /irving/irvrevgoebb.html (9980 words)

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