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	Reindeer -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The reindeer, known as caribou in (A continent (the third largest) in the western hemisphere connected to South America by the Isthmus of Panama) North America, is an (A waterproof overshoe that protects shoes from water or snow) Arctic-dwelling (Distinguished from Bovidae by the male's having solid deciduous antlers) deer (Rangifer tarandus).
		In 1952, reindeer were re-introduced to (One of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; located on the northern part of the island of Great Britain; famous for bagpipes and plaids and kilts) Scotland, as the natural stock had become extinct in the 10th century.
		Reindeer were introduced into (A state in northwestern North America; the 49th state admitted to the union) Alaska near the end of the (additional info and facts about 19th century) 19th century; they interbreed with native caribou subspecies there.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/r/re/reindeer.htm (1045 words)

	Reindeer Moss
		This important reindeer and caribou food is found around the globe in arctic and north temperate regions.
		Reindeer moss grows in foamy, gray-green, sponge-like masses two and a half to ten centimeters (one to four inches) high, the tangled hollow stocks branching and rebranching.
		In Beringia, reindeer moss is especially abundant in the open woodlands and bogs which lie inland from the Chukotsk Peninsula and on the eastern Seward Peninsula.
	www.nps.gov /bela/html/reinmoss.htm (800 words)

	Reindeer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The reindeer, known as caribou in North America, is an Arctic and Subarctic-dwelling deer (Rangifer tarandus).
		Reindeer are found throughout Scandinavia (including Iceland); in Russian Europe in Spitsbergen and furthermore, Northern Russia including Novaya Zemlya; in Russian Asia, to the Pacific Ocean; in North America on Greenland, Canada and Alaska.
		Reindeer were introduced into Alaska near the end of the 19th century; they interbreed with native caribou subspecies there.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Reindeer (1063 words)

	Reindeer moss
		Reindeer mosses were originally named for their value as a food source for reindeer and caribou in the plant's northern range.
		Reindeer moss is really a lichen - a combination of a fungus and an alga, which share a symbiotic relationship and form a new plant.
		Reindeer moss is a lichen that forms pillow-like colonies of dense, branching groundcover.
	www.sfrc.ufl.edu /4h/Reindeer_moss/reindeer.htm (324 words)

	Reindeers in Kidz Korner of Michigan Department of Agriculture / MDA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Reindeer are mammals, which means they are born live, and their mothers produce milk to nourish their newborn calves.
		Reindeer are strong swimmers and in the wild, they are always found in herds, famous for their seasonal migration between summer and winter ranges.
		Reindeer differ from other types of deer in that both male and female reindeer grow antlers, although female antlers are smaller and simpler than those of the males.
	www.mda.state.mi.us /kids/countyfair/animals/reindeer (755 words)

	Alaskan Essences - Newsletters - Spring 2001
		Reindeer Moss (Cladina stellaris) is one of the most prolific plants in Alaska, ranging across millions of acres of forest and tundra.
		Reindeer Moss is one of the oldest plants on the planet.
		Reindeer Moss works with the archetypal levels of grief and loss that are a part of our legacy as members of the human family.
	www.alaskanessences.com /newsletter_spring_02.htm (1140 words)

	Cladonia rangiferina - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Inland Dena'ina used reindeer lichen for food by smashing the dry plant and then boiling it or soaking it in hot water until it becomes soft.
		The Inland Dena'ina also boil Reindeer lichen and drink the juice as a medicine for diarrhea.
		As the common names suggest, Reindeer lichen is important food for both reindeer and caribou, and has had economic important as fodder for reindeer.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Reindeer_moss (186 words)

	Reindeer "Moss", Alaska Science Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Reindeer moss is not a moss at all.
		Before the discovery of the microscope lichens were thought to be mosses, hence the strange names some go by.
		Because of the ability to avoid using soil as a source of materials for life and the ability to withstand extreme cold and dryness, lichens such as reindeer moss can live in arctic and antarctic locations where other plants cannot.
	www.gi.alaska.edu /ScienceForum/ASF4/428.html (364 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Reindeer (caribou) must move frequently on the tundra for their main food source, Reindeer Moss (a lichen).
		The reindeer consume large quantities of reindeer moss (a lichen) and have to move frequently to areas where the reindeer moss is found.
		Reindeer moss takes years to grow to a harvestable size for the reindeer to eat.
	www.samoyed.org /frame9915053.html (2367 words)

	Reindeer Lichens
		Dry reindeer lichen woodlands and lichen bogs are characteristic throughout the northern boreal forest belt.
		Since reindeer lichens are able to take up moisture from the air, the underlying soil is not as important a source of moisture as it is to vascular plants.
		Reindeer lichens, therefore, can colonize and become a dominant floral element on soils too shallow or sterile to support higher plants, provided that humidity is sufficently high for lichen growth and temperature is sufficently low to inhibit competitors.
	www.rook.org /earl/bwca/nature/moss/cladonia.html (973 words)

	Moss, Reindeer (Cladina rangiferina)
		Reindeer Moss is actually a lichen, which is a symbiotic relationship between two or three things.
		Reindeer moss is a Fruticose lichen, forming small, shrubby domes along the ground.
		You may recognize Reindeer moss if you are a model train enthusiast, because this fruticose lichen is a common component of elaborate set-ups.
	www.laurentiancenter.com /plantkey/plants/mossreindeer.html (383 words)

	KiteCD - Animals - mammals, reindeer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Reindeer are sometimes called "camels of the frozen north." These mammals are of the Cervidae family.
		Reindeer are large animals although their size depends largely on their type.
		Reindeer meat is eaten, bones are crushed to consume the marrow, and blood is put into soup.
	members.aol.com /KiteCD2/an_MReindeer.htm (1596 words)

	Reindeer FAQ's (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Reindeer bulls are smaller than caribou bulls, but cows may weigh the same as caribou cows.
		Reindeer physiology is specialized to eat and digest lichen (sometimes called reindeer moss) as an energy source in winter.
		Reindeer decrease their food intake and lose weight in the winter and increase their appetite and growth in spring and summer.
	reindeer.salrm.uaf.edu /html/reinFAQ.html (1297 words)

	Search Results for "reindeer"
		reindeer, ruminant mammal, genus Rangifer, of the deer family, found in arctic and subarctic regions of Eurasia and North America.
		...Inflected forms: pl. reindeer or rein·deers A large deer (Rangifer tarandus) of the Arctic and northern regions of Eurasia and North America, having branched antlers...
		Reindeer Lake, one of the largest lakes in Canada, 2,467 sq mi (6,390 sq km), NE Sask. and NW Man. The Reindeer River drains it S to the Churchill River.
	bartleby.com /cgi-bin/texis/webinator/sitesearch?query=reindeer&... (305 words)

	Reindeer / Caribou
		Lichens (including "reindeer moss") are their most important winter food.
		Despite the long history of cultural contacts and movements across Beringia, reindeer Husbandry was evidently not transmitted to North America until Chukchi and Sami herders and Chukotkan reindeer were brought to Alaska in the late 19th century to teach herding to Eskimos.
		The future of the reindeer industry is an important question in Beringia, especially on the Chukotkan side, where it is a mainstay of subsistence and economic life.
	www.nps.gov /bela/html/rangifer.htm (1528 words)

	Reindeer
		The reindeer are marked in their rank according to the size of their antlers.
		The reindeer migrate between the coastal Arctic and the tundra.
		In the winter the reindeer feed on lichen and reindeer moss.
	lsb.syr.edu /projects/cyberzoo/reindeer.html (125 words)

	Caribou Moss - Cladonia rangiferina
		Although it is called caribou moss, it is actually a lichen.
		Animals such as Reindeer and Caribou feed on lichen during the coldest periods of the season.
		People are afraid that the reindeer and the caribou are dying from eating lichens.
	www.blueplanetbiomes.org /caribou_moss.htm (377 words)

	Mosses, Marbles and Coverings
		Reindeer moss is a light gray, and comes in both preserved and dried varieties.
		The preserved moss is softer, with an almost sponge-like texture.
		Reindeer moss has an interesting look and texture, and works well in arrangements where the covering is partially exposed.
	michaels.com /art/online/displayArticle?articleNum=as0002&channelid=5 (378 words)

	Bizarre Facts in Biology
		Based on the common names, one might conclude the organisms in question are in the plant group of bryophytes and are therefore nonvascular plants with dominant gametophytes.
		Reindeer moss is like lace lichen because it is actually a lichen.
		Spanish moss is an epiphyte, meaning it grows on the surface of other plants.
	wps.prenhall.com /esm_audesirk_bloe_7/0,8753,1141382-,00.html (279 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Why was that?—A. Because there is no moss for the reindeer to the eastward of that, although they send the reindeer at times over to Geeomovialocke.
		There are little patches of reindeer moss coming down through the Tundra at the eastward from the River Yana, but from Geeomovialocke to Bolan to the westward they cannot travel so well because there is no moss for them, and the reindeer are only run through that section of the country where there is moss.
		Instead of getting in in something like sixteen or twenty hours from the reindeer station at Booroolocke, we were something like three days in making the journey—snowed in so that we could not get col. When we arrived at Geeomovialocke Q.
	lcweb2.loc.gov /gc/mtfgc/36809/0491.txt (644 words)

	reindeer moss on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Tradition and change in the sub-arctic: Sami reindeer herding in the modern era.
		Valentine's special: And so to bed - these are like no others; From reindeer skins in Sweden to a bed out of rock'n'roll history, we suggest 10 sexy places to settle down for the night.(Features)
		Moss stew and pine tea, followed by rabbit's eyes...
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/X/X-reindrmss.asp (300 words)

	Cladonia rangifera, one of the reindeer lichen, Tom Volk's Fungus of the Month for December 2000
		In common usage this is sometimes called reindeer moss, but of course it's not a moss at all.
		So after learning all this about lichens (quiz: which morphological form is the reindeer lichen?), you are free to imagine the reindeer fighting for their lichens on the tundra.
		One problem with reindeer being forced to survive on lichens is that lichens are very sensitive to pollution in the air.
	botit.botany.wisc.edu /toms_fungi/dec2000.html (1405 words)

	PittPaths #77 - Reindeer Moss (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		I'm certain that many of us during our lifetime have been informed that reindeer moss is really not a moss, and reindeer moss should be properly called reindeer lichen.
		These lichens are the chief food for reindeer and caribou of Arctic and north temperate regions.
		There is no doubt in my mind that reindeer moss shall continue to be called reindeer moss, if for no other reason than historical precedent.
	www.pittpaths.com /st/0077.htm (252 words)

	moss plants (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		For the table: Pile moss, plants and rocks on a dark tablecloth and tuck sandwiches, carrot curls and finger foods into the landscape.
		Each patch of moss is composed of hundreds of tiny moss plants seen in a side view on the right.
		Sphagnum moss: This is made of living moss plants, it is not moss peat.
	www.plantsall.com /mossplants (1311 words)

	How do you preserve reindeer moss? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		I have reindeer moss that I would like to preserve.
		Reindeer moss is really a lichen (I think) and it is often used by engineering firms in 3-D building displays as treetops.
		a little formaldehyde should help retain colors in green mosses done this way.
	www.taxidermy.net /forums/HabitatArticles/02/025DCEC1D7.html (140 words)

	reindeer moss -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		It is an erect, many-branched plant that grows up to 8 cm high, covers immense areas, and serves as pasture for reindeer, moose, caribou, and musk oxen.
		In Scandinavia it has been used in the manufacture of alcohol, but difficulties in obtaining reindeer moss arise because…
		"reindeer moss." Encyclopædia Britannica from Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9063101?tocId=9063101 (69 words)

	Reindeer Moss
		Our Reindeer Moss (Lichen) is hand picked and packaged.
		Importer and distributor of soft and colored Norwegian reindeer moss.
		Our Reindeer Moss is available to Wholesalers, Distributors, and Manufacturers.
	www.reicoart.com (37 words)

	AllRefer.com - reindeer moss, Plant (Plants) - Encyclopedia
		AllRefer.com - reindeer moss, Plant (Plants) - Encyclopedia
		You are here : AllRefer.com > Reference > Encyclopedia > Plants > reindeer moss
		More articles from AllRefer Reference on reindeer moss
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/X/X-reindrmss.html (109 words)

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