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	Reinhard Scheer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Reinhard Scheer (September 30, 1863 – November 26, 1928) was a Vice-admiral in the German navy.
		A strict disciplinarian, Scheer was popularly known in the Navy as the “Man in the Iron Mask” due to his severe appearance.
		Scheer was offered a knighthood for his leadership at Jutland by German Kaiser Wilhelm II, but he turned down that offer (his subordinate at Jutland, Vice-Admiral Franz Hipper who led the battlecruisers, did not turn down such an offer and eventually became Franz Ritter von Hipper).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Reinhard_Scheer (285 words)

	First World War.com - Who's Who - Reinhardt Scheer
		Scheer was born on 30 September 1863 in Obernkirchen, Hanover.
		On 8 August 1918 Scheer was appointed Chief of the Admiralty Staff - that is, as head of the Naval Supreme Command - replacing Holtzendorff (reluctantly agreed upon by the Kaiser) and belatedly imposing a unified command structure upon the navy.
		Reinhardt Scheer, who was the recipient of both the Pour le Merite and the Oakleaves, died on 26 November 1928 in Marktredwitz at the age of 65.
	www.firstworldwar.com /bio/scheer.htm (449 words)

	Admiral von Scheer
		She also told me that Reinhard Scheer was ennobled by the German Emperor, but he refused to use the "von" in his name and stayed untitled.
		Reinhard Scheer was born 30 September 1863 in Obernkirchen, Germany; he died 26 November 1928 in Marktredwitz and is buried in Weimar.
		Scheer proved to be a skillful tactician as he confused the British battle formation through battle turns of the entire High Seas Fleet and withdrew from a very threatening and in itself, intimidating embrace.
	www.100megsfree2.com /jjscherr/scherr/vonscheer.htm (1992 words)

	Franz von Hipper - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Franz Ritter von Hipper (September 13, 1863 - May 25, 1932) was a German admiral.
		Indeed, of the four main admirals involved on both sides at Jutland (Jellicoe, Beatty, Scheer, and Hipper), he was the only one considered to have performed flawlessly.
		In August 1918 Hipper was promoted to Admiral and succeeded Admiral Reinhard Scheer as commander-in-chief of the High Seas Fleet.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Franz_von_Hipper (322 words)

	Admiral Scheer - Operational History
		Admiral Scheer was at the Deutsche Werke shipyard in Kiel for an overhaul.
		Admiral Scheer was at the Blohm and Voss shipyard at Hamburg for repairs.
		The heavy cruisers Admiral Scheer and Prinz Eugen, destroyers Richard Beitzen, Friedrich Ihn, Paul Jacobi, Hermann Schoemann and Z 25 and the torpedoboats Seeadler and Iltis anchored in Grimstadfjord at Bergen, Norway.
	www.deutschland-class.dk /admiral_scheer/admiral_scheer_operation_hist.html (3909 words)

	+++ The Battle of Jutland +++
		Admiral Scheer and his flagship, the battleship Friederich Der Grosse.
		Scheer was a capable Commander of the German High Seas Fleet and confident that he could defeat the British Grand Fleet - but only if its battleship force could be reduced to that of the German High Seas Fleet.
		Scheer was in a difficult position - under pressure from his own side to bring the German High Seas Fleet to action but all too aware of the likely result should he attempt to do so.
	www.learn-ict.org.uk /resources/jutland/commanders_scheer.htm (119 words)

	NWS-OnLine Forum - Scarborough raid
		Von Ingenohl had actually sighted Warrender's six BB's, four BC's, four Heavy cruisers, six Light cruisers and eight submarines and mistook it for the Grand Fleet.
		Von Scheer states that weather was good until 3 degrees east longitude where it took a decided turn for the worst.
		Scheer admits that this was a lost opportunity, but I wonder how much damage his ships could really have been expected mete out in the heavy seas, poor visibility and heavy squalls.
	forums.navalwarfare.net /printthread.php?t=653 (2744 words)

	Letterstime Stories - Hessen, A Victory's Nightmare
		Reinhard von Mueller, the new aristocrat of the Ostasiengeschwader, soon received his nickname King of Tsingtau, that stuck with him still.
		Von Mueller decided to ignore that potential problem, as long as the job was well done and Krueger played by the rules.
		Scheer was rather disappointed to hear of his trusted fellow's sickness, as now Vice Admiral Baron Letters, Hero of Doggerbank and the Grand Fleet's bane was his no. 2.
	www.thequickbluefox.com /Hessen-victory.html (2829 words)

	Germany's High Sea Fleet in the World War
		The command was given to Admiral von Pohl, the former Chief of the Naval Staff.
		Whilst acting in the latter capacity, Admiral von Pohl had brought about the U-boat trade-war on England, which on February 4th was notified under the form of a declaration that the waters round England were to be included in the war zone.
		Admiral von Pohl considered that a big surplus of forces was necessary for an offensive of that kind, and if it was available for the enemy it certainly was not for us.
	richthofen.com /scheer/scheer07.htm (3432 words)

	FlatBerry: Scheer, Reinhard
		Scheer entered the German navy in 1879 and by 1907 had become the captain of a battleship.
		He became chief of staff of the High Seas Fleet under Henning von Holtzendorff in 1910 and commander of a battle squadron in 1913.
		This is a paragraph of text that could go in the sidebar.
	flatberry.blogspot.com /2004/03/scheer-reinhard.html (61 words)

	The War in the Baltic Sea - MILITARIA COLLECTING FORUM
		The Admiral Scheer changed course and manuvred desperately to prevent being subjected to massive fire —she was obviously, the main target of Russian 11-inch guns.
		Through the Admiral Scheer’s artillery optics, her crew could see the long and fl lines of civilians marching through the freezing Haff: people, vehicles and animals marched on the ice.
		The Admiral Scheer was lucky until April 9th and even during the first stages of the raid on the night of the 10th; after twenty minutes of heavy bombardment no bomb had hit her; but then some bombs exploded in the water very near and broke the plates in the sides.
	www.militariacollecting.com /index.php?showtopic=4584 (4231 words)

	Medal commemorating Admiral... (MEC2466) - National Maritime Museum
		E4686-1, Medal commemorating Admiral Reinhard von Scheer (1863-1928) and the Battle of Jutland, 1916; obverse
		Medal commemorating Admiral Reinhard Scheer (1863-1928) and the Battle of Jutland, 1916.
		Legend: 'ADMIRAL SCHEER.' Reverse: A nude man in mid-air holding aloft a wreath in his right and a flag in his left hand, above, the imperial crown; battleships in action in the distance, shells falling in the water in foreground.
	www.nmm.ac.uk /collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=MEC2466 (137 words)

	First World War.com - Battles - The Battle of Jutland, 1916
		The recently appointed commander of the German High Seas Fleet, Reinhard Scheer, had returned to the policy of making sorties against the British coast, confident that his codes were secure, and thus that the main British battle fleet, at Scapa Flow in the north of Scotland could not intervene.
		At the end of May, Scheer sortied with the entire High Seas Fleet, expected that the only serious threat he would meet was Admiral Beatty's battle cruiser squadron based on the Forth.
		Thinking themselves involved in a chase that would end with the destruction of the British battle cruisers, they found themselves under bombardment from Jellicoe's battle fleet, which they had thought to be too far north to intervene.
	www.firstworldwar.com /battles/jutland.htm (630 words)

	Timeline Germany 1821-1916
		1830 Jan 8, Hans von Bulow, pianist, virtuoso conductor, was born in Dresden.
		Von Treitschke believed Prussia should be a world power and should seize whatever land it needed.
		Separated from the Emden von Mucke commandeered the old schooner Ayesha and led his men to Padang, where he sunk the Ayesha and took command of the German merchant SS Choising.
	www.timelines.ws /countries/GERM1821_1916.HTML (13880 words)

	Fleet Battle
		Scheer’s High Seas Fleet crested the horizon, and Beatty led his remaining ships on a strategic retreat, north toward Jellicoe.
		Scheer then ordered Hipper to engage Jellicoe’s attention while the High Seas Fleet maneuvered for an escape route.
		Scheer found it by 2100, cutting east across the southerly-moving British ships, and dashed to safety.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/ops/fleet-battle.htm (4252 words)

	World War II Naval Theory in the Atlantic: Mahanian Concepts and the Carrier Escort Doctrine, by Dieter Stenger
		Interestingly enough, Crowl regards Mahan to have failed as a naval historian with respect to his inability to foresee amphibious warfare as a key aspect of shape the future of Naval history.
		Mahan was influenced by other military philosophers as well, to include Carl von Clausewitz; also consulted was Alfred Thayar Mahan, The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, 1660-1783, (Boston, MA: 1890), pp.
		Von der Porten, Edward P. The German Navy in World War II, New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company, 1969.
	www.stengerhistorica.com /History/WarArchive/Ritterkreuztraeger/Henke/NavalTheory.htm (5167 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - Unsere Platz in die Sonne- A Story of the German nation at War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		At Jutland, Hitler’s job was to personally report to Scheer the effects of the gunfire and the general situation of the battle.
		Von Bothmer was a quieter version of Hitler, and both got along very well.
		With the ticket of Hindenburg as President and von Baden for Chancellor, the DKP swept the Nazis away along with most of the other right wing parties, placing it second to the Social Democrats, where it remained for the remainder of the 1920s.
	www.europa-universalis.com /forum/showthread.php?t=188388 (3663 words)

	LPP, an Actin Cytoskeleton Protein Related to Zyxin, Harbors a Nuclear Export Signal and Transcriptional Activation ...
		Gertler, F.B., Niebuhr, K., Reinhard, M., Wehland, J., and Soriano, P. Mena, a relative of VASP and Drosophila enabled, is implicated in the control of microfilament dynamics.
		Reinhard, M., Halbrugge, M., Scheer, U., Wiegand, C., Jockusch, B.M., and Walter, U. The 46/50 kDa phosphoprotein VASP purified from human platelets is a novel protein associated with actin filaments and focal contacts.
		Reinhard, M., Rüdiger, M., Jockusch, B.M., and Walter, U. VASP interaction with vinculin: a recurring theme of interactions with proline-rich motifs.
	www.molbiolcell.org /cgi/content/full/11/1/117 (8036 words)

	Why Did Jellicoe Turn Away at the Battle of Jutland? - History \| Free Article Submission
		By May 1916, Admiral Scheer decided to put the entire German High Seas Fleet to sea with the intention of sending ahead the German battlecruiser squadron under Admiral Hipper as a decoy to lure out the British battlecruisers.
		However, unknown to Scheer, the British were able to decode German radio messages and, sensing German action, Admiral Jellicoe ordered the entire British Grand Fleet to sea at night to avoid the patrolling German submarines.
		Unbelievably, Scheer turned back toward the British Grand Fleet and this time Jellicoe was able to "cross the German T", concentrating nearly all the British gunfire on a single advancing line of German battleships.
	www.articledepot.co.uk /article-63793.htm (718 words)

	E4686-2 - Medal commemorating Admiral Reinhard von Scheer (1863-1928) and the Battle of Jutland, 1916; reverse
		E4686-2 - Medal commemorating Admiral Reinhard von Scheer (1863-1928) and the Battle of Jutland, 1916; reverse
		Please quote object title 'Medal commemorating Admiral Reinhard von Scheer (1863-1928) and the Battle of Jutland, 1916; reverse' in the 'Brief description of subject' and Repro ID E4686-2 in the 'negative number' field on the order form.
		Visit the commercial users pages for a downloadable hire form and more details, including a list of hire, reproduction and usage fees and a link to our terms and conditions.
	www.nmm.ac.uk /collections/displayRepro.cfm?reproID=E4686-2 (188 words)

	Axis History Factbook: Order of Battle for Unternehmen Seelöwe (Sep 1940)
		FJR2 was to move north of Postling and guard against attack from the north while FJR3 was to secure the western flank with one battalion detached to capture and hold Lympe airfield for a later fly-in by 22nd Air Landing Division, possibly as late as S plus 5.
		The 6th Army held the II Army Corps (General der Infanterie Walter Graf von Brockdorff-Ahlefeldt) with the 6th Infantry Division and the 256th Infantry Division, commanded by Generalleutnant Arnold Freiherr von Biegeleben and Generalmajor Gerhard Kauffmann respectively, in readiness for potential landings in Lyme Bay between Weymouth and Lyme Regis.
		The 6th Army was under the command of Army Group C (Generalfeldmarschall Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb), which had taken over this function from Army Group B (Generalfeldmarschall Fedor von Bock) on 11 September 1940.
	www.axishistory.com /index.php?id=1145 (2375 words)

	Pour le Mérite
		As for the higher ranking recipients, the first to receive the Pour le Mérite was Grand Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz, the father of the modern German navy.
		According to Admiral von Muller's diary, Tirpitz was given his award after von Hohenborn (not navy) received the Pour le Mérite without much reason.
		Admiral of the Fleet Alfred von Tirpitz awarded on -- 10 Aug. 1915.
	www.pourlemerite.org /wwi/navy/navy.html (975 words)

	American Battleships with the Grand Fleet
		Scheer planned to intercept a British convoy which was sailing from Bergen in Norway together with the covering forces that were already at sea.
		Scheer did not improve the situation with the declaration that "It is impossible for the Fleet to remain inactive in any final battle that may sooner or later precede an Armistice.
		Even if it is not to be expected that this would decisively influence the course of events, it is still, from the moral point of view, a question of honour and existence of the Navy to have done its utmost in the last battle." Plans for a final offensive were actually drawn up.
	www.worldwar1.com /dbc/battlesh.htm (3508 words)

	Links of Interest
		There are excellent pictures of interesting things to see in Obernkirchen, Germany, including the house, now museum, where Reinhard von Scheer was born in 1863.
		Their site is fun and interesting and on their second site there is a section devoted to the Scherr family and Admiral Reinhart von Scheer.
		A history of the order, the medal, and the individuals who have received this honor, including Admiral Reinhard von Scheer of the German Navy.
	www.100megsfree2.com /jjscherr/scherr/links.htm (882 words)

	Naval Campaigns Club - What is it ...
		The game works because we have basically the same conditions that existed at the time of the actual battles, with the exception that we can't look through a pair of Zeiss binoculars at the enemy ships burning and we don't wake up in the hospital tomorrow morning.
		It works because we tend to take on the personalities of the actual commanders that were present.
		For those few hours in 1916 the outcome of the war hung in the balance for some "cosmic" reason we seem to identify with that and overlook the deficiencies of the game engine.
	www.wargame.ch /board/hps/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=1595 (775 words)

	Photos of the Great War/Great War at Sea/Central Powers Commanders (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Admiral Reinhard von Scheer, Commander, German High Seas Fleet
		Captain von Trotha, Chief of Staff of the Hochseeflotte, Robert Carlson
		Karl von Mueller, Captain of the SMS Emden
	www.gwpda.org /photos/seacomc.htm (54 words)

	WW1-UNIT-OUTLINE
		Channel to prevent a gap from opening between the 1st and 2nd Armies.
		This flank attack required von Kluck to turn and face the assault coming from the east.
		Paul von Hindenburg and Gen. Erich Ludendorff were put in charge of the
	www.coachburke.homestead.com /WW1-UNIT-OUTLINE.html (3376 words)

	USHMM Information Access
		Interrogation of Gottfried von Erdmannsdorff on December 15, 1945.
		Interrogation of Gottfried von Erdmannsdorff on December 28, 1945.
		Sentence of the Military Tribunal of the Byelorussian District in the case of Eberhard Von Kurovsky, 13-20 December 1947.
	www.ushmm.org /uia-cgi/uia_doc/archives/xRG6025 (15682 words)

	The following pages are part of an ongoing search for family connections
		It has long been a persistent and strong rumor in the Scherr family that we are related to Vice Admiral Reinhard von Scheer of the German Navy (WWI).
		All his life my grandfather referred to the Admiral as "our uncle" and expressed great pride in the fact that von Scheer was related to him.
		One of my research projects is to determine whether this connection is in fact a real one, as we believe it is.
	jjscherr.50megs.com (483 words)

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