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Topic: Reliable byte stream

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	Reliable byte stream - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A reliable byte stream is a byte stream in which the bytes which emerge from the communication channel at the recipient are exactly the same, and in the exact same order, as the sender inserted into the channel.
		Communication protocols which implement reliable byte streams, generally over some unreliable lower level, use a number of mechanisms to provide the reliability.
		The classic example of a reliable byte-stream protocol is the Transmission Control Protocol.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Reliable_byte_stream (238 words)

	Byte stream - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A byte stream is an abstraction used in computer science to describe a particular kind of communication channel between two entities.
		Formally, it is a channel (often bidirectional, but sometimes unidirectional) down which one entity can send a sequence of bytes to the entity on the other end.
		One well-known example of a communication protocol which provides a byte-stream service to its clients is the Transmission Control Protocol of the Internet protocol suite, which provides a bidirectional 8-bit byte stream; it is being used to bring you this Web page.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Byte-stream (193 words)

	Zvon - RFC 1037 [NFILE - A File Access Protocol] - BYTE STREAM WITH MARK
		BYTE STREAM WITH MARK ON CHAOSNET A mark is recognized on Chaosnet by a packet bearing the opcode 201 (octal).
		The basic design of Byte Stream with Mark on TCP (and other transport layers that do not implement packets natively) is to preserve record integrity by putting clearly demarcated, byte-counted records in the natural records of the encapsulated stream.
		Nevertheless, the Byte Stream with Mark must extract the count of the full Byte Stream with Mark record from the first such buffer of each Byte Stream with Mark record, and maintain and update this count as succeeding component buffers are read.
	www.zvon.org /tmRFC/RFC1037/Output/chapter12.html (1572 words)

	Transmission Control Protocol - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Applications send streams of 8-bit bytes to TCP for delivery through the network, and TCP divides the byte stream into appropriately sized segments (usually delineated by the maximum transmission unit (MTU) size of the data link layer of the network the computer is attached to).
		The TCP checks that no bytes are damaged by using a checksum; one is computed at the sender for each block of data before it is sent, and checked at the receiver.
		To maintain reliability, a receiver acknowledges TCP segment data by indicating it has received up to some location of contiguous bytes in the stream.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Transmission_Control_Protocol (1639 words)

	Transmission Control Protocol - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The TCP module at the far end sends back an acknowledgement for bytes which have been successfully received; a timer at the sending TCP will cause a timeout if an acknowledgement is not received within a reasonable round-trip time (or RTT), and the (presumably lost) data will then be re-transmitted.
		These sequence numbers are used to identify data in the byte stream, and are numbers that identify (and count) application data bytes.
		Enhancing TCP to reliably handle loss, minimize errors, manage congestion and go fast in very high-speed environments are ongoing areas of research and standards development.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol (2241 words)

	Message Multiplexing (memux) Charter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The length of a message is unrestricted (e.g., not bounded by layer 2 or 3 packet sizes), and the payload of a message is also unrestricted; such a message can be used directly, e.g., as a request or a response in an application-level request/response protocol.
		The MEMUX protocol will be lightweight in these two ways: (1) its overhead, in bytes on the wire, will be low, and (2) opening and closing new message streams, once the byte stream connection is established, will take few bytes and impose no round-trip delays.
		The value of the MEMUX protocol is twofold: (1) it provides a commonly useful service abstraction (bidirectional reliable ordered arbitrary-sized message stream), and (2) the multiplexing achieves the same results as state sharing between parallel TCP streams (which is not widely available today).
	www.w3.org /Protocols/HTTP-NG/1999/02/mux-Charter-208.html (333 words)

	[No title]
		The interpretation of this byte stream is by the application on either end.
		The sequence number identifies the byte in the stream of data from the sending TCP to the receiving TCP that the first byte of data in this segment represents.
		TCP lacks selective (specified pieces of the data stream) acknowledgments because the ack number in the TCP header means that the receiver has received up to but not including the numbered byte.
	www.ship.edu /~jcthom/schedule/csc431/Notes/TCP.html (1208 words)

	Java Remote Method Invocation: 10 - RMI Wire Protocol
		The multiplexing protocol facilitates the use of virtual connections, which are themselves bidirectional, reliable byte streams, representing a particular session between two endpoints.
		The byte stream format of the multiplexing protocol consists of a contiguous series of variable length records.
		The first byte of the record is an operation code that identifies the operation of the record and determines the format of the rest of its content.
	java.sun.com /j2se/1.4.2/docs/guide/rmi/spec/rmi-protocol7.html (1957 words)

	TCP tutorial
		It is a full duplex protocol, meaning that each TCP connection supports a pair of byte streams, one flowing in each direction.
		TCP does this by grouping the bytes in TCP segments, which are passed to IP for transmission to the destination.
		If the connection were allowed to move directly to the CLOSED state, then another pair of application processes might come along and open the same connection, and the delayed FIN segment from the earlier incarnation of the connection would immediately initiate the termination of the later incarnation of that connection.
	www.ssfnet.org /Exchange/tcp/tcpTutorialNotes.html (2680 words)

	Network Magazine \| TCP And UDP \| February 5, 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The initiatee adds 1 to the sequence number and returns it to the initiator in the acknowledgement field, thereby indicating the next byte that should be sent.
		Large window sizes enable as many as 65,536 unacknowledged bytes to be in transit at any given time, but congestion-indicated when the retransmission timer expires without an acknowledgement-cuts the window size in half, effectively slowing the transmission rate.
		The urgent pointer is a 16-bit offset value indicating the last byte that must be expedited when the urgent flag is set.
	www.networkmagazine.com /article/NMG20010126S0005 (3088 words)

	Zvon - RFC 1013 [X WINDOW SYSTEM PROTOCOL, VERSION 11, Alpha Update, April 1987] - SECTION 9. CONNECTION SETUP
		Except where explicitly noted in the protocol, all 16-bit and 32-bit quantities sent by the client must be transmitted with this byte order, and all 16-bit and 32-bit quantities returned by the server will be transmitted with this byte order.
		Although the server is in general responsible for byte swapping data to match the client, images are always transmitted and received in formats (including byte order) specified by the server.
		The byte order for images is given by image-byte-order, and applies to each scanline unit in XYFormat (bitmap) format, and to each pixel value in ZFormat.
	www.zvon.org /tmRFC/RFC1013/Output/chapter9.html (1519 words)

	1 Introduction
		Its task is to provide reliable, cost-effective data transport from usually a user process in the source machine to a user process in the destination machine, independent of the physical network or networks currently in use.
		A reliable byte stream would be needed for an application such as remote login, where all the bits must arrive correctly and in the right order.
		RELIABLE indicates to the transport layer that the object should be retransmitted until it gets to the receiver successfully.
	www.cs.kau.se /~katarina/prtp/draft980703.html (6942 words)

	Transmission Control Protocol - free-definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a connection-oriented, reliable delivery byte-stream transport layer protocol currently documented in IETF RFC 793 [1] (http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc793.txt).
		This is why TCP exists: Applications send streams of 8-bit bytes to TCP for delivery onto the network and TCP delineates the byte stream into appropriately sized segments, usually defined by a maximum transmission unit (MTU) size used by the data link layer below.
		To maintain reliability, a receiver acknowleges TCP segment data by indicating it has received up to some location of contiguous bytes in the stream.
	www.free-definition.com /Transmission-Control-Protocol.html (1412 words)

	[No title]
		Reliable communication is communication where messages are guaranteed to reach their destination complete and uncorrupted and in the order they were sent.
		2) Reliable byte stream service: remote login Unreliable acknowledged datagram service: registered mail when the packages could not be received in the order as they were sent.
		Ans: The image size is 320 * 640 * 3 bytes or 614400 bytes.
	www.cs.wichita.edu /~chang/lecture/cs742/homework/hwk1-sol.txt (774 words)

	RFC 1050 (rfc1050) - RPC: Remote Procedure Call Protocol specification (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The bytes of the credential's opaque body encode the the following structure: struct auth_unix { unsigned int stamp; string machinename<255>; unsigned int uid; unsigned int gid; unsigned int gids<10>; }; The "stamp" is an arbitrary ID which the caller machine may generate.
		The bytes encode an unsigned binary number; as with XDR integers, the byte order is from highest to lowest.
		The parameters "prog", "vers", "proc", and the bytes of "args" are the program number, version number, procedure number, and parameters of the remote procedure.
	www.faqs.org /rfcs/rfc1050.html (5754 words)

	EBN - TCP And UDP (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The receiving process must deliver the byte stream in order, so retransmission stops the flow of data until the missing bytes can be replaced.
		The content of a 16-bit UDP length field is equal to the length of the 8-byte header plus the length of data, while the checksum field enables integrity checking.
		TCP is clearly the protocol of choice for data transactions where performance must give way to integrity, controllability, and reliability.
	networkmagazine.com /shared/printableArticle.jhtml?articleID=8702998 (1671 words)

	1 Abstract
		Reliable delivery byte stream socket connection (TCP/IP) is used to send commands and deliver the data.
		Stream socket connection established by the client and used to send client commands and to receive server responses.
		The connection that is used by DAQD to transmit data (either full channels or trend channels) to the client.
	www.ligo.caltech.edu /~aivanov/nds_access/com_prot.html (2526 words)

	TCP/IP Internetworking With `gawk`: Introduction
		These two models are the phone system (reliable byte-stream communications), and the postal system (best-effort datagrams).
		The price the user pays for the lower overhead of datagram communications is exactly the lower reliability; it is often necessary for user-level protocols that use datagram communications to add their own reliability features on top of the basic communications.
		This is a duplex, reliable, sequenced byte-stream protocol, again layered on top of IP, and also providing the notion of ports.
	jamesthornton.com /gnu/gawk/gawk_2.html (1218 words)

	Reliable Byte-Stream (TCP) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		, the sliding window serves several purposes: (1) it guarantees the reliable delivery of data, (2) it ensures that data is delivered in order, and (3) it enforces flow control between the sender and the receiver.
		This means that the number of bytes written by the sender is not necessarily the same as the number of bytes read by the receiver.
		For example, the application might write 8 bytes, then 2 bytes, then 20 bytes to a TCP connection, while on the receiving side, the application reads 5 bytes at a time inside a loop that iterates 6 times.
	www.cs.arizona.edu /llp/book/node63.html (7783 words)

	TCP/IP on a PIC
		Because its provides access to the data stream at various levels, it can also be used as a teaching tool, and as a component into a more advanced network tester or server (The device was originally designed as a tool for network stressing).
		It can be very reliable in networks that are reliable to start with such as LANs and is normally used for simple file transfers, remote booting of PCs or anywhere where a failure to receive is not a disastrous issue, or one that can be simply compensated by a repeat transmission later on.
		Caption: The Ethernet chip buffers incoming serial stream and presents the data in parallel form to the micro controller via a circular First in First Out data buffer. The micro performs all necessary high level addressing and decoding. Clean data is then transferred to the user application, which can be embedded in another microprocessor.
	www.eix.co.uk /Ethernet/WWarticle.htm (11930 words)

	MS Windows 2000 TCP/IP Implementation Details (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		A multicast datagram is delivered to all members of its destination host group with the same 'best-effort' reliability as regular unicast IP datagrams; that is, the datagram is not guaranteed to arrive intact to all members of the destination group or in the same order relative to other datagrams.
		When the sender starts to receive a stream of ACKs that are acknowledging the same sequence number and that sequence number is earlier than the current sequence number being sent, it can infer that a segment (or more) must have been dropped.
		Senders that support the fast retransmit algorithm immediately resend the segment that the receiver is expecting to fill in the gap in the data, without waiting for the retransmission timer to expire for that segment.
	secinf.net /info/nt/2000ip/tcpipimp.html (13296 words)

	Internet protocol suite (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		TCP (IP protocol number 6) is a "reliable", connection-oriented transport mechanism providing a reliable byte stream, which makes sure data arrives undamaged and in order, is re-transmitted if lost, and eliminates duplicate copies.
		UDP (IP protocol number 17) is a connectionless datagram protocol.
		UDP is typically used for applications such as streaming media (audio and video, etc) where the time TCP requires for retransmission and re-ordering might not be available, or for simple query/response applications like DNS lookups, where the overhead of setting up a reliable connection is disproportionately large.
	www.nebulasearch.com /encyclopedia/article/Internet_protocol_suite.html (1609 words)

	Stream Communications - TCP/IP Internetworking With `gawk' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		You and your friend may now talk freely, with the phone system moving the data (your voices) from one end to the other.
		The same steps occur in a duplex reliable computer networking connection.
		There is considerably more overhead in setting up the communications, but once it's done, data moves in both directions, reliably, in sequence.
	www.gnu.org /software/gawk/manual/gawkinet/html_node/Stream-Communications.html (143 words)

	[No title]
		There should not be interactions between different layers, though it is perfectly proper for one layer to assume the standard behavior provided by another.
		In particular, while it is perfectly proper for a filter to assume that TCP provides a reliable byte stream, it is not proper for it to assume any particular packet construction.
		Filters that change the length of the application- supplied data stream, such as compression modules, MUST make the corresponding adjustments to the effective URGENT pointer that is passed up.
	www.cs.columbia.edu /~smb/papers/draft-bellovin-tcpfilt-00.txt (1360 words)

	RFC 1263
		The second is to add a new protocol because users are making demands upon the original protocol that were not envisioned by the designer and cannot be efficiently handled in terms of the original protocol.
		For example, TCP was designed as a reliable byte-stream protocol but is commonly used as both a reliable record- stream protocol and a reliable request-reply protocol due to the lack of such protocols in the Internet protocol suite.
		Note that these changes increase the minimum header size from 24 bytes (actually 36 bytes if the ECHO and ECHO reply options defined in RFC 1072 are included on every packet) to 48 bytes.
	www.apps.ietf.org /rfc/rfc1263.html (7554 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Given that the local area network of CoC is quite reliable, we would not expect to see any network errors (which makes the project less interesting!).
		Specifically, LRP packets have to be encapsulated in DNP packets, and DNP is not reliable.
		M is the maximum size of the segments that RTP uses to pass data to the underlying DNP for this connection.
	www.cc.gatech.edu /classes/AY2004/cs4251_spring/project_1.html (2345 words)

	Batching
		Because the server does not respond to every call, the client can generate new calls in parallel with the server executing previous calls.
		Assume a string rendering service (like a window system) has two similar calls: one renders a string and returns void results, while the other renders a string and remains silent.
		Of course, the service could have one procedure that takes the string and a boolean that specifies whether the procedure should respond.
	docsrv.sco.com /SDK_netapi/rpcpC.batching.html (578 words)

	Lecture 10: The Domain Name System (DNS)
		IP addresses are used by the the routers which implement the Internet's delivery service, the Internet Protocol, or IP, to route packets of data through the Internet to their destination.
		DNS queries and responses are an excellent example of an application where the reliable, connection-oriented transport mechanism of TCP is not necessary, and simply has too much overhead.
		UDP is a connectionless transport service, with the same level of reliability as IP packet delivery itself -- in other words, UDP messages can be lost, delivered out of order and even duplicated.
	ironbark.bendigo.latrobe.edu.au /subjects/int21cn/lectures/l10.d/Lect10.html (1291 words)

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