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Topic: Relictual taxa

	Search results - Scientific Publications
		Particular examples are the terrestrial snail family Charopidae, the freshwater snail family Hydrobiidae, the beetle taxa Adeliini, Cyphaleini, Coprini, Denticollinae, Rutelinae, Melolonthinae, Lucanidae, flightless beetles in the family Carabidae, the fly family Drosophilidae and dolichopodid subfamily Sciapodinae, parastacid crayfish, aradid bugs, the Onychophoran family Peripatopsidae and mygalomoph spiders.
		Some taxa are restricted to Australia but with close relatives in either New Caledonia or New Zealand, but not both.
		Important higher taxa inhabiting these ecosystems are ruteline "christmas beetles" in the tribe Anoplognathini, the family Elateridae, the speciose buprestid genus Castiarina, the tenebrionid tribe Heleini, the fly genera Pelecorhynchus and Trichophthalma, and athoracophorid, helicarionid and glacidorbid snails.
	www.amonline.net.au /publications/record.cfm?uid=13F2C4A7-9682-6E1E-D7CC850CDF3D3E7B (492 words)

	PNMA florula correct (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Pastures were sampled through relictual trees, that in some cases host a consistent epiphytic flora due to their age.
		Taxa recorded in 6 to 13 plots are considered "frequent".
		Most of these species are shade tolerant epiphytes, mainly established on trunks and large axes of the phorophytes, wshere thick layers of bryophytes prevent complete dessiccation of the substrate and the roots during the dry season.
	rbt.ots.ac.cr /revistas/46-4/pupulin.htm (6668 words)

	Chapter 14: Systematics (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The taxa we recognize as species maintain their morphological integrity on rare or occasional hosts and lack intermediate forms where they are sympatric.
		Conceivably, some taxa of dwarf mistletoes might correspond to regional ecotypes; but, as most taxonomists consider regional ecotypes to be comparable to subspecies, the systematic treatment would not differ greatly.
		In most taxa, however, secondary branching is apparent and is of two basic types—verticillate and flabellate (fig.
	www.rmrs.nau.edu /publications/ah_709/ch14.html (6397 words)

	RedOrbit NEWS \| Combined support for wholesale taxic atavism in Gavialine crocodylians (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Because of extinction on the crocodylian stem lineage, the closest extant outgroup of Crocodylia is Aves.
		PHBS for relationships among extant taxa was measured in the context of all 68 taxa using backbone constraint trees for the extant species as in the double decay analyses (double decay PHBS) and without extinct taxa (PHBS) to assess the influence of fossils on hidden support.
		For the combined matrix of extant and extinct taxa, numerous morphological synapomorphies were assigned to this internode (e.g., characters 3, 12, 13, 41, 43, 78, 89, 103, 110, 119, 120, 122, 127, 145, 154, 159, and 162).
	www.redorbit.com /modules/news/tools.php?tool=print&id=8495 (8842 words)

	American Journal of Botany, 75, 1, January, 1988 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Breeding studies were used to study the reproductive systems of the taxa, to test for interfertility between them, and to seek abnormalities in the breeding system of the rare taxon that might account for its relative rarity.
		The two taxa are interfertile only when individuals from allopatric populations are artificially crossed, and thus should be considered two biological species.
		It is found that within the taxa observed, the pattern of shoot organization provides a distinctive "fingerprint" at the generic or sectional level, sufficient for determination of the group.
	www.botany.org /ajb/00029122_di001879.html (2620 words)

	..::treeBASE::.. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Combined and separate analyses of molecular and non-molecular data suggest that a clade comprising Ormocarpum and Ormocarpopsis is sister to Pictetia, whereas Diphysa represents the earliest branching lineage within this clade of four genera.
		This geographical relationship of Meso-America and the Greater Antilles, with paleotropical Africa, Asia, and Madagascar is thought to be relictual from a Tertiary boreotropic distribution.
		Phylogenetic analysis reveals that the eight species of Pictetia are not conveniently grouped into infrageneric taxa because the traditionally recognized series Racemosa (with P. aculeata and P. obcordata) and Fasciculatae (with P. spinifolia and P. marginata), are paraphyletic with respect to the formerly recognized genus Belairia.
	www.phylo.org /treebase/view/view_study.php?studyID=S756 (439 words)

	Brine Shrimp
		Crustacea is the sister taxon of Tracheata and is different in having antennae on the second head segment resulting in a total of 2 pairs, which is unique.
		In the ancestral thoracopod the thoracic appendages were turgor appendages used for suspension feeding in conjunction with a ventral food groove.
		Anostraca is an ancient line of primitive crustaceans found today in inland, relictual, waters such as snow-melt pools, wet weather ponds, saline or alkaline lakes, or similar refugia where there are few or no predators.
	article.discusnews.com /cat-01/brine-shrimp.shtml (7155 words)

	CALIFORNIA'S PLANTS AND ANIMALS
		Yanev (1980) treats relictus as a subspecies of B. pacificus, but the geographic pattern of genetic variation across what is termed B. relictus here is poorly understood.
		Management Recommendations: Systematic study of B. relictus to identify how many taxa are really present and the geographic range of each is the basic foundation needed prior to all other studies.
		Once taxa are identifiable, the habitat requirements of each need to be better understood before really effective management recommendations can be made.
	www.dfg.ca.gov /hcpb/cgi-bin/read_one.asp?specy=amphibians&idNum=48 (725 words)

	Raymund Chan
		All but three taxa are annuals occupying a variety of habitats and are particularly conspicuous in vernal pools.
		Seven taxa are listed in the 6th Edition of the California Native Plant Society (CNPS) Inventory of Rare and Endangered Vascular Plants of California.
		Most disturbingly, many of the taxa once reported as common several decades ago are now difficult to locate and relegated to isolated populations growing on private or public lands.
	ucjeps.berkeley.edu /people/raymund.html (1834 words)

	Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The dry forests of central India and Indochina are notable for their diverse large vertebrate faunas.
		Dry forests of Madagascar and New Caledonia are also highly distinctive (pronounced endemism and a large number of relictual taxa) for a wide range of taxa and at higher taxonomic levels.
		Species tend to have wider ranges than moist forest species, although in some regions many species do display highly restricted ranges; most dry forest species are restricted to tropical dry forests, particularly in plants; beta diversity and alpha diversity high but typically lower than adjacent moist forests.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tropical_and_subtropical_dry_broadleaf_forests (748 words)

	[No title]
		High levels of endemism, rarity, hybridisation and the retention of relictual taxa are also important factors contributing to the exceptional diversity of eucalypt species in the Greater Blue Mountains Area.
		This evolutionary divergence of eucalypt taxa is a direct consequence of factors such as ecological isolation associated with the habitat "islands" that are a consequence of the complex topography, particularly the combination of isolated sandstone plateaus separated by deep valleys.
		The significance of this contribution is associated with the diversity of eucalypt taxa in the propertynominated place, which forms part of the largest peak of diversity for eucalypts on the continent.
	www.deh.gov.au /heritage/worldheritage/sites/blue/pubs/gbm-supplementary.doc (5950 words)

	Modern Quaternary plant lineages promote diversity through facilitation of ancient Tertiary lineages -- Valiente-Banuet ...
		is relictual of the Madrean-Tethyan vegetation of the Tertiary,
		taxa was obtained from a database (3, 9, 10, 13) (and from references
		taxa for the analysis of community phylogenetic structure.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/103/45/16812 (3995 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, Tempo and Mode in Evolution: Genetics and Paleontology 50 Years After Simpson (1995)
		While it is difficult to estimate generation times in most plant taxa, the monocot sequences show a clear negative correlation between the minimum generation time and substitution rates (Gaut et al., 1992).
		Since the evolutionary relationships among all of the >750 taxa are not known to any degree of certainty, a subset of the taxa were chosen for this analysis.
		The amino acid sequences for the 105 taxa were translated from the nucleotide sequences and aligned (along with the >700 amino acid sequences in the large data set) by using the following method.
	www.nap.edu /books/0309051916/html/215.html (7496 words)

	Birds in eucalypt and pine (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Most studies of faunal habitat fragmentation are based on a human perspective of the landscape in which landscape elements are classified as habitat and non-habitat.
		We suggest that although the continuum concept of habitat use is reasonably well established for plants, faunal studies have often ignored the notion of a gradient of habitat use and have classified landscape areas simplistically and inappropriately as either habitat or non-habitat.
		Birds were sampled in landscapes that ranged from intact to relictual as defined from an anthropocentric perspective.
	cres.anu.edu.au /~joern/cv/birdsmcint03.htm (353 words)

	The Neornithine 'Big Bang' - EvoWiki (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Various neornithine taxa, from Coraciiformes such as the todies, to Trogoniformes and Psittaciformes, are consistently represented in the fossil record by species with zoogeographic distribution wholly inconsistent with the distribution of their extant relatives.
		It is a simple observation that if divergence of derivative taxa from their parental stock is occurring over a short period of time, the daughter taxa and their antecedents will remain little changed.
		In other words, multiple traits of the ancestral taxa from which this progeny has descended, will be retained therein, and via this mechanism, we arrive at precisely the sort of mosaicism seen at the base of Neornithes (Feduccia 1996, Hope 2002).
	wiki.cotch.net /wiki.phtml?title=The_Neornithine_'Big_Bang' (12042 words)

	Missouri Botanical Garden Press
		Ninety-three taxa comprising thirty-two genera (plus four outgroups from Lobeliaceae) were used to estimate a phylogeny of the Campanulaceae based on ITS sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA.
		Taxa in Group A are distributed mostly in Asia, whereas representatives in Group B occur almost worldwide.
		The primary goals of this study were to assess the generic limits and monophyly of Arabidopsis and to investigate its relationships to related taxa in the family Brassicaceae.
	www.mbgpress.org /index.php?task=id&id=00220 (1347 words)

	Craig Moritz Research Group: Research
		The rainforests of the AWT occur across a stable geological setting and are thought to be ancient and relictual, representing a rainforest biota that was widespread on the Australian continent in the early Miocene (Adam 1992; Morley 2000; Greenwood and Christophel in press).
		With the exception of microhylid frogs (Cophixalus), molecular phylogenies indicate very little speciation in situ (most sister taxa of AWT species are in rainforests elsewhere) and levels of sequence divergence are more consistent with Mio-Pliocene, than late Pleistocene divergences (Moritz et al.
		Modeling of Quarternary rainforest distributions under the cool dry LGM climate indicates contraction to (mostly) montane isolates in the central (CWT) and northern (NWT) regions (Nix 1991; Graham, Williams and Moritz, in prep).
	ib.berkeley.edu /labs/moritz/research/awt.html (306 words)

	RedOrbit NEWS \| Inconsistencies in Arguments for the Supertree Approach: Supermatrices Versus Supertrees of Crocodylia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Crocodylia, the relictual sister group of Aves, is composed of ~22 extant species and their close fossil relatives.
		Complete nonoverlap of taxa does not guarantee avoidance of data duplication in supertree analysis; this data duplication is not a practical necessity and is completely avoided in supermatrix analyses.
		If character data for the taxa of interest do not yet exist, the most reasonable response from a systematist would be to collect new character data, not to make a supertree that includes the taxa of interest.
	www.redorbit.com /modules/news/tools.php?tool=print&id=57431 (7790 words)

	Society for Conservation Biology: 2002 Annual Meeting
		Knowledge of phylogenetic relationships between taxa is particularly valuable for conservation management in a rich and diverse flora such as that found in the south-west of Western Australia.
		Three of these taxa have very restricted distributions in south-west Western Australia and are considered to be rare.
		A phylogenetic study was undertaken to assess the genetic differentiation between the taxa, since other studies have found little genetic differentiation between closely related eucalypt species.
	conbio.net /SCB/activities/meetings/2002/Website/abstracts/Wednesday/espec.html (1338 words)

	Amanita caesarea (Scop.:Fr.) Pers.
		Hence, in stirps Caesarea there are five known taxa, one in the old world, and four in the new.
		This is in contrast to the growing number of recognized taxa in stirps Hemibapha, which will surely soon exceed forty.
		This disparity along with the comparatively limited distribution of stirps Caesarea suggest that the members of the stirps comprise a relictual group.
	pluto.njcc.com /~ret/amanita/species/caesarea.html (594 words)

	Systematics of Chimarra (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The distribution of taxa in the family Philopotamidae may be an example of the long lasting influence of ancient events.
		The most successful and species diverse genus, Chimarra, currently with about 450 described species, is almost world wide in distribution, but is especially diverse in tropical regions, both in terms of the total number of species present and also the diversity of lineages represented.
		Some genera (or subgenera) are individually restricted to the temperate or subtropical regions of the southern hemisphere, including the Chilean region of South America, southeastern Brazil, the southern tip of South Africa, Madagascar, southeastern Australia, and New Zealand.
	www.entomology.umn.edu /museum/projects/Chimarra.html (613 words)

	PAPER 331: Endemic Catalina Ironwoods
		The two taxa are variously treated as subspecies (Raven 1963) or varieties of the same species (Hickman 1993).
		Formerly it was believed that the Catalina ironwood was incapable of producing viable seeds, and therefore reproducing sexually, due to its existence as a relictual endemic in a drier climate.
		Plant taxa with limited geographic ranges and small, isolated populations, and limited genetic diversity pose significant conservation challenges (Barrett and Kohn 1991).
	gis.esri.com /library/userconf/proc97/proc97/to350/pap331/p331a.htm (845 words)

	Triops Laboratory Exercise (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Phyllopoda consists of about 800 species in four higher taxa; the “large phyllopodans” consisting of Notostraca, Laevicaudata, and Spinicaudata and Cladocera, which are the “small phyllopodans”.
		Trunk appendages are phyllopods and a large carapace encloses much or all of the body.
		Large phyllopodans typically inhabit relictual habits where fishes are absent but Cladocerans show no such restrictions.
	www.lander.edu /rsfox/310TriopsLab.html (3526 words)

	CPD: South America, Site SA45, Temperate Rain Forest, Chile
		These features together have resulted in a rain-forest flora with unusually high generic richness and a high degree of relictual regional endemism.
		Close to 80% of the regionally endemic genera are monotypic (Arroyo et al.
		Such monotypic genera, by in large, represent ancient relictual taxa that were more widely distributed over southern South America in the Tertiary and have survived in the cool and equable coastal climatic conditions present today.
	www.nmnh.si.edu /botany/projects/cpd/sa/sa45.htm (4307 words)

	75th Abstracts -- Abstract 13 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Some have argued that presence of taxa at vents and seeps is the result of immigration and colonization from shallow water habitats.
		Others have argued that deep taxa are "relicts" and thus potentially basal groups that have not accumulated autapomorphies.
		Instead, the pattern of cladogenesis suggests that taxa in one major clade in the Patellogastropods have migrated from the offshore to the onshore while the other clade is exclusively intertidal.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /museum/75th/ab13.html (335 words)

	Chapter 15: Molecular Systematics (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The analysis incorporates genetic data on 13 populations of 7 Mexican taxa that were not included in the previous isozyme study (Nickrent 1986) but are pivotal for understanding species and sectional relationships.
		The mean number of alleles per locus for these 6 taxa (1.5) is lower than the overall mean for the genus (2.15); this reduction in allele frequency may be a consequence of their restricted distributions.
		Eleven of the taxa examined are included within section Campylopoda, series Campylopoda; these taxa grouped together at a chord distance of 0.45 or less (fig.
	www.rmrs.nau.edu /publications/ah_709/ch15.html (6781 words)

	Dalwallinu Acacia Symposium: 13-14 July 2001
		The genus Acacia provides clear illustrations of both the floristic diversity of Western Australia (with nearly 800 of the 1200 known taxa found in the State) and the critical conservation status of a significant component of the flora.
		The threats include invasive flora and fauna, inappropriate fire regimes, habitat destruction associated with clearing activities, alteration of hydroecology, and demographic and genetic effects associated with small declining populations.
		In this region the presence of relictual taxa, complex patterns of genetic diversity, highly fragmented remaining native vegetation, small plant population sizes and introduction of invasive weeds and herbivores makes conservation management a complex task.
	worldwidewattle.com /infogallery/misc/acaciasymposium.php?abstract=4 (425 words)

	Evolutionary patterns and genetic structure in localized and widespread species in the Stylidium caricifolium complex ...
		taxa could be regarded as rare based on their limited geographic
		Continuous character maximum likelihood tree for populations and taxa in the Stylidium caricifolium complex based on gene frequency data.
		UPGMA dendrogram of populations and taxa in the Stylidium caricifolium complex based on Nei's (1978)
	www.amjbot.org /cgi/content/full/90/7/997 (5223 words)

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