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Topic: Renaissance Warfare

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	Italian Renaissance - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Italian Renaissance began the opening phase of the Renaissance, a period of great cultural change and achievement in Europe that spanned the period from the end of the 14th century to about 1600, marking the transition between Medieval and Early Modern Europe.
		It was during this period of instability that the first Renaissance figures, such as Dante and Petrarch lived, and the first stirrings of Renaissance art were to be seen in the opening half of the fourteenth century, notably in the realism of Giotto.
		Warfare between the states was common, invasion from outside Italy confined to intermittent sorties of Holy Roman Emperors.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Italian_Renaissance (6253 words)

	Renaissance architecture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Renaissance Architecture: Between the 14th and the 16th Centuries there was the stirrings of a new cultural movement which came to be known as the Renaissance, literally the “Rebirth, because it revived and developed certain elements of Classical Greek and Roman thought and material culture.
		Renaissance chateaux were built in the Loire Valley, the earliest example being the Château d'Amboise (c.1495) in which Leonardo da Vinci spent his last years, and the style became dominant under Francis I(1515-47).
		In Spain, Renaissance began to be grafted to Gothic forms in the last decades of the 15th century.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Renaissance_architecture (1458 words)

	renaissance.html
		The Renaissance was defined by an increased focus on optimism and the dignity of man, as opposed to the medieval, religious-based pessimism.
		Much Renaissance art was religious in theme, but the Renaissance moved intellectually away from the man-is-nothing-without-God mentality of the Middle Ages to emphasize the human spirit.
		The ideal Renaissance man was a master of art and literature, a scholar and inventor, as well as physically graceful and talented in all the social arts —he strove for perfection in man (as Michaelangelo's David sculpture was trying to represent the perfect human form).
	www.loyno.edu /~seduffy/renaissance.html (1824 words)

	WebMuseum: La Renaissance
		The term Renaissance, describing the period of European history from the early 14th to the late 16th century, is derived from the French word for rebirth, and originally referred to the revival of the values and artistic styles of classical antiquity during that period, especially in Italy.
		The chief patrons of Renaissance art and literature were the merchant classes of Florence and Venice, which created in the Renaissance palace their own distinctive home and workplace, fitted for both business and rearing and nurture of the next generation of urban rulers.
		The later Renaissance was marked by a growth of bureaucracy, an increase in state authority in the areas of justice and taxation, and the creation of larger regional states.
	www.ibiblio.org /wm/paint/glo/renaissance (1448 words)

	Renaissance
		Afterlives of the Saints: Hagiography, Typology, and Renaissance Literature.
		Wightman, W.P.D. Science and the Renaissance: An Introduction to the Study of the Emergence of the Sciences in the Sixteenth Century.
		This page is intended to be a growing collection of links to Renaissance poetry texts (and related resources), with a special emphasis on the English literature of the period.
	www.library.wwu.edu /ref/subjguides/renbib.htm#lit (3218 words)

	Renaissance
		The vision of the renaissance that emerges is one defined by a wide range of social, political, economic, and cultural developments rather than by the actions of a small cultural Elite.
		With his studies on Renaissance heresy and popular religious beliefs, and a number of important essays on aspects of selfhood such as sincerity and honor, Martin brings to this essay experience both of a close reading of inquisitional materials from the archives and a wide‑ranging reading in the more traditional intellectual history of the period.
		Here the underworld of the Renaissance comes to life and one gets another perspective on a process noted earlier in the essays on the social world of the Renaissance: the way in which the hierarchal structures of Renaissance society were as much constructed by exclusion as inclusion.
	www.wordtrade.com /history/europe/renaissanceR.htm (5049 words)

	The rise of the nation state during the Renaissance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Renaissance armies told a similar story, being somewhat unruly but still better than their feudal predecessors.
		Despite these drawbacks, Renaissance armies gave kings in Western Europe much tighter control over their states, largely because they were so expensive that no one but kings could afford to maintain them.
		We should keep in mind that, while the Renaissance state was a vast improvement over the feudal anarchy of the Middle Ages, it was still rudimentary and highly inefficient when compared to the modern state.
	www.flowofhistory.com /Reading79.RenState.htm (3451 words)

	Battles
		Here are some of the legendary Heroes and famous battles from the Dark Ages to the Renaissance.
		Machiavelli - Famous writer during the early Renaissance, who wrote about the ends justifying the means - and why it was a dumb idea to hire an army rather than raise your own.
		In some areas up to 75% of the population was decimated by warfare.
	filebox.vt.edu /users/ofarooq/heroes_and_battles.htm (737 words)

	High School Index (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		It is the goal of this unit of study to have students develop a better understanding of the changes in Europe that began in the late 1400's.
		The Renaissance was characterized by creativity, interest in learning, and a desire to explore the human experience.
		From Renaissance clothing, to food, art, music and drama, prisons, the Black Death and even torture techniques; much insight and knowledge surrounding the unit on the Renaissance has benefited the students by opening their eyes to an era that is often forgotten."
	www.pennsvalley.org /PVHS1/Class/Renaissance/high_school_index.htm (159 words)

	Renaissance Sea & Warfare
		III to tell you how Medieval warfare still is, and in what manner it is transforming in which countries.
		The new warfare not only affected fortresses, but the rebuilding of towns and cities, too.
		Besides the info on galleons, carracks, shipbuilding, and sailing in general, the aftermatter includes a list of coinage, weights and measures in use in Spain at the time, mariner's wages, and "Nutritional Content of Spanish Shipboard Dietaries." Scholarly enough to be fascinating, but very readable, not just for specialists.
	members.tripod.com /HistoricalNovelists/rensewar.html (1027 words)

	Warfare - Further Reading - MSN Encarta
		Three investigative journalists report on the threat posed by biological warfare.
		The Cambridge Illustrated Atlas of Warfare: Renaissance to Revolution, 1492-1792.
		A definitive reference to the century that spawned modern warfare.
	encarta.msn.com /readings_761557207/Warfare.html (464 words)

	Amazon.ca: European Warfare 1453-1815: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Having become highly unfashionable in the 1960s and 1970s, military history is now enjoying a remarkable renaissance.
		Warfare is now seen as a crucial social, technological and economic function of how states work, each period offering fascinating information both on the battles fought (or not fought) and, more importantly, on how these reflected society as a whole.
		This new book provides an excellent resource on the nature of European warfare from the outbreak of the Valois-Habsburg wars to the end of the Napoleonic Wars, a period during which society underwent quite extraordinary changes.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0312221185 (190 words)

	Renaissance Faires, Clothing, Costumes and more"
		If you are looking for information related to the Renaissance or Renaissance Faires or Festivals it is probably on this site.
		The Renaissance period is one of the most interesting in history.
		Of course the increasing popularity of the Renaissance faires has led to an increase in popularity of Renaissance theme weddings.
	www.all-about-renaissance-faires.com (459 words)

	Prof. Carl Edwin Lindgren Teaching
		This course is a study of European social, political, economic and religious institutions and cultural and intellectual phenomena in the light of the changing historical environment from the end of the Ancient World to the Renaissance.
		The millennium under study in this course was a dynamic period in warfare, full of important rediscoveries and innovations in fortification, siegecraft and combined-arms technology, organization and tactics, all of which factored into Europe becoming the preeminent military power in the world in the period after 1500 AD.
		This war is the precursor to the early modern period and will change the principles of warfare in Europe and eventually lead to a 'military revolution'.
	users.panola.com /lindgren/activities.html (1682 words)

	Italian Americans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		During the Renaissance the Italian language was standardized by Dante, whose uniform use of the Tuscan dialect would direct all literary efforts from that point onward.
		Although the Italy of the Renaissance was indeed a patchwork of states to outside observers, it was a homogenous country where Roman Law was general and where a wide range of attitudes - religious, economic and social - were shared by other Italians.
		As the Renaissance matured and decayed in the 16th century men rejected the idea of the world as a beautiful court populated by cultivated gentlemen and ladies.
	web.ulib.csuohio.edu /italians/parti.html (15118 words)

	Publisher description for Library of Congress control number 94020498 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Although the Renaissance epic was the principal literary means of representing war in its time, modern readers of the epic often lack a basic understanding of the history of warfare.
		But before changes in warfare completely doomed the tradition in which the epic was rooted, this crisis provoked an unprecedented range of experiment which marks heroic narrative in the late Renaissance and ultimately led to the epic without war.
		A much-needed introduction to the neglected subject of warfare in epic literature, this work is an uncommonly wide-ranging exercise in comparative criticism that will appeal to historians and students of literature alike.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/description/uchi052/94020498.html (284 words)

	Renaissance Wargaming
		In the beginning, there were the aristocratic gendarmes which were the pride of France, Swiss pikemen, the colourful German Landsknecht pikemen raised in imitation of the Swiss, and the battle-seasoned veteran armies of Spain.
		The most popular set of rules used in Renaissance wargaming is De Bellis Renationis, published by Wargames Research Group, together with their three accompanying books of army lists.
		There is a specialist society devoted to fostering Renaissance wargaming: the Pike and Shot Society which also publishes a bi-monthly journal, Arquebusier.
	www.warlords.org.nz /article_ren.htm (473 words)

	Bert S
		Hall’s masterful synthesis of the early history of firearms in Europe is often described as a detailed narrative which is rich in factual detail and breadth of coverage, ranging from firearms’ appearance in Western Europe near the beginning of fourteenth century to their diversification and excellence of the sixteenth.
		What emerges alongside the historical narrative in Weapons and Warfare is a philosophy of history which examines technology inductively through a history of firearms and warfare.
		Hall ascribes the genesis of Weapons and Warfare to a dissatisfaction with previous histories of firearms that exaggerated their rise and importance, especially in representation or substantiation of a monolithic early modern military revolution.
	www.deremilitari.org /REVIEWS/review12.htm (1032 words)

	[EMLS 2.1 (April 1996: 12.1-4] Review of History and Warfare in Renaissance Epic. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Technological change is the fundamental motor of all such developments in Murrin's account: we are treated, for example, to an engaging discussion of changes in the technological basis of naval warfare and their impact on strategy and tactics, an impact which in turn influences the ways in which imaginative literature may represent such warfare.
		The "gunpowder revolution," Murrin contends, was responsible in no small measure for the transformation and replacement of romance, a genre whose outlines, conventions and codes were established before the effect of the gun really began to be felt.
		War's very ubiquity in Renaissance European culture means that its impact was never simply or centrally a matter of hardware, and a literature of war responded to conflict in ways which go far beyond the representation of battle on which Murrin focuses.
	www.shu.ac.uk /emls/02-1/rev_lox1.html (463 words)

	his101cd
		The Renaissance was an intellectual movement that began in Italy in the 14th century
		The Renaissance was the first, for example, to use the term "Dark Ages" to describe the period after the fall of Rome.
		As many historians have noted, once you had the Renaissance with its ideals of individualism, historical precision, and understanding people in the context of their original cultures, the Protestant reformation was inevitable.
	courses.cvcc.vccs.edu /history_mcgee/courses/his101/Lectures/his101ln11.html (3693 words)

	Sword Forum International - European Warfare During the Renaissance
		I could finding info on some famous battles and do a breaf discrption on who they were fighting and what they were up agenst, you know, that sorf of thing.
		During the Renaissance period, Italy is a word that meant nearly nothing.
		That was a very violent period in Italian history and yet at the same time a very creative one since that was the birth of the renaissance.
	forums.swordforum.com /showthread.php?threadid=33140 (961 words)

	Sixteenth Century Renaissance English Literature: Background Information
		The Economy of Europe in the Renaissance - Dr. E.
		Paracelsus’ Impact on Medicine During the Renaissance Era - Blake, Aronstam, and Buchanan
		Renaissance Drama from its Medieval Origins to the Closing of the Theatres - Jennifer Mooney
	www.luminarium.org /renlit/renaissanceinfo.htm (1207 words)

	Search Results for Epic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Elizabethan Age or English Renaissance The Elizabethan Age The Elizabethan Age is another term for the Renaissance in England.
		The first use of the word Renaissance in English came only in 1840, and it is therefore only natural that the nineteenth century -- the age of Schiller, Burckhardt, Pater, Hegel, and Marx -- should be an obvious starting point in an investigation into the origin of our notions of the Renaissance.
		Renaissance Literature Faculty...agency, and slavery in the Renaissance epic.
	www.websher.net /shakespeare/WORLD/epic.html (2883 words)

	Feudal Warfare, the State, and Taxation in the Medieval Economy
		On the crown's exploitation of the wool-export trade to finance warfare, especially under Edward III and Henry VI, in chapters 3-5.
		Discuss the 'costs and benefits' of warfare for the late-medieval Western European economy: particularly the Anglo-French wars from the 1290s to the 1450s.
		Who gained and who lost from this warfare: particularly in terms of the various sectors of the economies (and thus regions) of western Europe; in terms of various industries and trades.
	eh.net /coursesyllabi/syllabi/munro/Wartax2.htm (4538 words)

	List 11: Toward Early Modern Warfare
		"Gunpowder and the Renaissance: An Essay in the History of Ideas." From Renaissance to Counter-Reformation: Essays in Honor of Garret Mattingly.
		Hall, Bert S. Weapons and Warfare in Renaissance Europe: Gunpowder, Technology, and Tactics.
		Vale, Malcolm G. War and Chivalry: Warfare and Aristocratic Culture in England, France and Burgundy at the End of the Middle Ages.
	www2.tltc.ttu.edu /howe/Lists/earlymo.htm (448 words)

	Art of Warfare
		The country seats of the provincial nobility became Renaissance manors, while military actions were fought over towns.
		Even more significant than cannon was the use of smaller firearms: the arquebus, and later, the musket.
		Paying for these ever-larger armies was expensive, and the treasuries of those states that engaged in warfare in this century were constantly struggling.
	www.lepg.org /warfare.htm (3933 words)

	Untitled Document
		Black, J. The Cambridge Illustrated Atlas of warfare: Renaissance to Revolution, 1492-1792.
		Finkel, C. The Administration of Warfare: the Ottoman military campaigns in Hungary, 1593-1606.
		Wood, J. The King's Army: Warfare, soldiers and society during the wars of religion in France 1562-1576.
	www.shsu.edu /~his_ncp/594Bibl.html (841 words)

	A THOUSAND YEARS OF THE HUNGARIAN ART OF WAR
		Since Mathias was only 17 or 18 years old, the magnates expected him to comply with all of their wishes.
		To understand his military genius, we should compare his art of war with the renaissance art of war of Europe.
		Military strategy and tactics, in a period of transition in the 15th and 16th centuries, were influenced by religious upheavals, peasant revolts, new philosophy and - maybe most importantly - by technological inventions.
	www.hungarian-history.hu /lib/thou/thou05.htm (1929 words)

	All Wargames and Wargaming (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Renaissance warfare combines mounted armored warriors with formations of fire-belching guns, all under the muzzle of gunpowder artillery.
		The English-speaking world knows Renaissance warfare best via the English Civil war, when Roundheads and Cavaliers faced off.
		Renaissance personalities include the Borgias, Nicolo Machiavelli, Christopher Columbus (a latecomer to the New World: remember, Leif landed first!), Cardinal Richelieu, Oliver Cromwell and Ivan the Terrible..
	www.thortrains.net /wargame/renpike1.html (303 words)

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