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Topic: Renaissance humanism

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	Humanism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Humanism is a broad category of active ethical philosophies that affirm the dignity and worth of all people, based on the ability to determine right and wrong by appeal to universal human qualities— particularly rationality, common history, experience, and belief.
		Renaissance humanism was a broad movement that affected the social, cultural, literary and political landscapes of Europe.
		Secular humanism is the branch of humanism that rejects theistic religious belief and the existence of a supernatural.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Humanism (2248 words)

	Renaissance humanism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Renaissance humanism was a European intellectual movement beginning in Florence in the last decades of the 14th century.
		Its focus was on human dignity and potential and the place of mankind in nature; it valued the witnesses of reason and the evidence of the senses in reaching the truth over the Christian values of humility, introspection, and passivity, or "meekness" that had dominated European thought in the previous centuries.
		The crisis of Renaissance humanism came with the trial of Galileo which was centered on the choice between basing the authority of one's beliefs on one's observations, or upon religious teaching.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Renaissance_humanism (1326 words)

	Renaissance Humanism - MSN Encarta
		Renaissance Humanism, term used to describe a literary and cultural movement focusing on the dignity and worth of the individual that spread through western Europe in the 14th and 15th centuries.
		Although in Italy humanism developed principally in the fields of literature and art, in central Europe, where it was introduced chiefly by the German scholars Johann Reuchlin and Melanchthon, the movement extended into the fields of theology and education, and was a major underlying cause of the Reformation.
		There humanism was established at the University of Oxford by the English classical scholars William Grocyn and Thomas Linacre, and at the University of Cambridge by Erasmus and the English prelate John Fisher.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761564121/Renaissance_Humanism.html (300 words)

	Renaissance - MSN Encarta
		Introduction; Characteristics of the Renaissance; Interpretations of the Renaissance; Economic and Social Basis of the Renaissance; Politics in the Renaissance; The Church and Religion in the Renaissance.
		Their thinking was also influenced by the concept of humanism, which emphasizes the worth of the individual.
		The ideas of the Renaissance, particularly of humanism, are then explored, and their impacts on established religion, on science, and on the arts are examined.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761554186/Renaissance.html (750 words)

	MODERN PHILOSOPHY: Humanism and the Renaissance
		Humanism and the Renaissance are a vast and profound literary, cultural and speculative movement, having many varying aspects which it is difficult to group together in a single term or expression.
		Humanism, which covers the entire fifteenth century, is predominantly literary; the Renaissance, which spans the whole of the sixteenth century, is cultural and speculative; both have come to be called Renaissance in the broad sense of the term.
		Humanism and the Renaissance are an era of transition between the Middle Ages and the modern age.
	radicalacademy.com /adiphilhumanism.htm (3694 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Humanism
		Humanism is the name given to the intellectual, literary, and scientific movement of the fourteenth to the sixteenth centuries, a movement which aimed at basing every branch of learning on the literature and culture of classical antiquity.
		The chief merit of Italian Humanism, as indeed of Humanism in general, was that it opened up the real sources of ancient culture and drew from these, as a subject of study for its own sake, the classic literature which till then had been used in a merely fragmentary way.
		The Reuchlinists, the "fosterers of the arts and of the study of humanity", the "bright, renowned men" (clari viri), whose approving letters (Epistolæ clarorum virorum) Reuchlin had published in 1514, predominated in numbers and intellect; the Cologne party, styled by their opponents "the obscurantists" (viri obscuri), were more intent on defence than attack.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/07538b.htm (4115 words)

	Renaissance Humanism
		Humanism is the term generally applied to the predominant social philosophy and intellectual and literary currents of the period from 1400 to 1650.
		Indeed, as the age of Renaissance humanism wore on, the distinction between this world (the City of Man) and the next (the City of God) tended to disappear.
		Humanism embodied the mystical and aesthetic temper of a pre-scientific age.
	www.historyguide.org /intellect/humanism.html (1612 words)

	Humanism (Rome Reborn: The Vatican Library & Renaissance Culture)
		In the High Renaissance, Rome was the center of the literary movement known as "Ciceronianism" that aimed to standardize Latin diction by modelling all prose on the writings of Cicero.
		Renaissance humanists not only sought out and translated works of pagan Greek antiquity, they were equally concerned about making the Greek writings of the Fathers of the Church available in the West.
		The most visible symbol of the Renaissance of the Roman Church during the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries was the destruction of Old Saint Peter's and the erection in its place, in a more classical idiom, of the famous basilica now standing in Saint Peter's Square.
	www.loc.gov /exhibits/vatican/humanism.html (5020 words)

	carlos-m.net » Blog Archive » Humanism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Humanism was a new way of thinking that came about in fourteenth century, the time of the Renaissance.
		Humanism was a lay phenomenon that emphasized human beings as opposed to deities as well as their interests, achievements and capabilities.
		Humanism is derived from the Latin word humanitas, which Cicero, the noted orator of the Roman Empire, referred to as the literary culture needed by anyone who would be considered educated and civilized.
	www.carlos-m.net /1998/09/28/humanism (1285 words)

	Humanism
		Humanism, then, really begins during the middle ages in Europe; while the humanist scholars of the Renaissance made great strides and discoveries in this field, humanistic studies were really a product of middle ages.
		The Renaissance studia humanitatis generally correspond to what we would call grammar, rhetoric, history, literary studies and moral philosophy, though in the middle ages and Renaissance both history and literary studies were a part of grammar.
		Humanism as an educational curriculum began in the early years of the fourteenth century in Italy.
	www.wsu.edu:8080 /~dee/REN/HUMANISM.HTM (3058 words)

	CHRISTIAN HUMANISM
		The term Renaissance describes an attitude toward life which values earth more than heaven, the immortality of fame over immortality of the soul, the striving for success more than striving for justice, the individual over authoritarian institutions, and humanism over Christianity.
		Renaissance men saw themselves as autonomous, emancipated from authority in matters of thought and worship.
		Were it not for the secular Renaissance and its liberty of thought, the Protestant Reformation probably would have waited.
	www.christianchronicler.com /history1/christian_humanism.html (1385 words)

	Renaissance Humanism
		Much of the genius of the early Renaissance humanists lay in their ability to reinterpret and embellish a variety of classical and medieval texts and traditions.
		Celtes, a student of Rudolph Agricola (1443-1485), led the wandering life of a Renaissance scholar and was instrumental in the diffusion of the new learning north of the Alps.
		The growth of Renaissance learning in the universities and schools of Germany met with the opposition of the obscurantists, those Schoolmen who were opposed to the humanistic methods and ideas.
	www.lib.uchicago.edu /e/spcl/excat/berlin/renaissa.html (2520 words)

	Italian Renaissance Art: Humanism & Philosophical Background: Neoplatonism, Ficino and Pico
		Pico himself had a massive intellect and literally studied everything there was to be studied in the university curriculum of the Renaissance; the "Oration" in part is meant to be a preface to a massive compendium of all the intellectual achievements of humanity, a compendium that never appeared because of Pico's early death.
		Late medieval and Renaissance humanism was a response to the standard educational program that focused on logic and linguistics and that animated the other great late medieval Christian philosophy, Scholasticism.
		The importance of Plato for Renaissance humanism cannot be understressed; among other things, it gives rise to a particular species of Renaissance magic which will, in turn, form the basis of what we call "science" as it is invented in the early Enlightenment (late seventeenth century).
	www.uml.edu /dept/history/arthistory/Italian_Renaissance/8_9_c.htm (1254 words)

	Humanism: An Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Humanism and its ideals came to pervade the art, literature, learning, law, and civic life, first in Italy, then in all of Europe.
		Simply put, humanism is a rediscovery and re-evaluation of the aspects of classical civilization (ancient Greece and Rome) and the application of these aspects to intellectual and social culture.
		One of the ways in which the spirit of humanism was expressed was in a rise in appreciation for the artifacts of the past.
	www.byu.edu /ipt/projects/middleages/LifeTimes/Humanism.html (1390 words)

	Christian Humanism
		Humanism, an educational and philosophical outlook that emphasizes the personal worth of the individual and the central importance of human values as opposed to religious belief, developed in Europe during the Renaissance, influenced by the study of ancient Greek and Latin literature and philosophy.
		The founder of Renaissance humanism was Petrarch (1304-74), an Italian poet and man of letters who attempted to apply the values and lessons of antiquity to questions of Christian faith and morals in his own day.
		Christian humanists acknowledge the contributions of other forms of humanism, such as the classical variety that discovered the value of human liberty, and the Marxists, who realize that man has been estranged from the good life because he is dispossessed of property and subordinated to material and economic forces.
	mb-soft.com /believe/txn/chrishum.htm (1582 words)

	Introduction: The Mendoza Family in the Spanish Renaissance 1350-1550 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		This conclusion fitted neatly into the traditional interpretation that humanism was brought into Castile by Italian humanists during the reign of the Catholic Monarchs (1474-1504), in particular by Pietro Martire d'Anghiera (1457-1526) -- a Milanese humanist whom Tendilla brought from Italy in 1487 on his return from an embassy to the papacy.
		Thus the traditional interpretation of the Renaissance in Castile, by focusing attention on the reign of the Catholic Monarchs and perpetuating a series of gratuitous assumptions about the early fifteenth century, has become one of the greatest obstacles to the study of the Castilian Renaissance by scholars trained in the modern discipline of Renaissance studies.
		Throughout the Castilian Renaissance, the intellectual leadership of the kingdom was held by men privileged to debate before the king, who attempted to influence royal policy through their rhetorical skills.
	libro.uca.edu /mendoza/intro.htm (6057 words)

	NY&the World: Teaching Materials: Humanism 1: An Outline
		The word humanism was never used by them and in fact was coined only in 1808 in Germany to designate the study of the language and literature of one's own culture (as opposed to the study of the language and literature of classical antiquity).
		Pier Paolo Vergerio is explicit in his treatise (On the Education of Boys) [see Humanism 4] both about what the humanists regarded as their "turf" and what they did not.
		The initiators of German humanism were Rudolf Agricola (1444—85) who studied in Italy for ten years (1469—79), then returned to Germany where he taught; and Conrad Celtis (1459—1508), who traveled to various places, including Italy, between 1487 and 1497, then returned to Germany where he taught until his death.
	www.globaled.org /nyworld/materials/humanism/H1.html (2592 words)

	ipedia.com: Renaissance humanism Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The studia humanista taught by the umanista — grammar, rhetoric, poetry, history, moral philosophy —; was prevalent in schools and universities during the Renaissance.
		The humanists were also owners of a particular philosophical and ideological movement, which Baron calls ‘civic humanism’, particularly appropriate to the republican ideology of Florence.
		Gombrich says the Renaissance had its origins not so much in the discovery of Man as in the discovery of diphthongs (1967 Essays presented to Rudolf Wittkower on his sixty-fifth birthday).
	www.ipedia.com /renaissance_humanism.html (392 words)

	Lecture 1: Renaissance Portraits
		The expression "Renaissance" is a value-charged expression because it carries with it a whole series of connotations that go beyond just the simple meaning of "rebirth." The expression "Dark Ages" is also value-charged.
		In this view then, the Renaissance was a profound act of rebellion and in the wake of protest, a new world was likely to emerge.
		So, it is fairly safe to say that the Renaissance, its cultural and intellectual merits considered together, placed a premium upon the individual and the capacity of the individual for improvement.
	www.historyguide.org /earlymod/lecture1c.html (5842 words)

	Renaissance -- Printing and Thinking
		Humanists, however, believed that wealth enabled them to do fine, noble deeds, that good citizens needed a good, well-rounded education (such as that advocated by the Greeks and Romans), and that moral and ethical issues were related more to secular society than to spiritual concerns.
		The rebirth of classical studies contributed to the development of all forms of art during the Renaissance.
		As one of the first humanists, and as a writer held in high esteem in his own time, he influenced the spread of humanism--first among his admirers, and later throughout the European world.
	www.learner.org /exhibits/renaissance/printing_sub.html (391 words)

	ReadWriteThink: Lesson Plan: Renaissance Humanism in Hamlet and The Birth of Venus
		Renaissance Humanism in Hamlet and The Birth of Venus
		Test the Renaissance Humanism Student Interactive on your computers to familiarize yourself with the tool and ensure that you have the Flash plug-in installed.
		Based on their investigation of Renaissance Humanism in Hamlet and The Birth of Venus, ask students to write an essay that identifies, analyzes, and explains how two elements from The Birth of Venus and two examples from The Tragedy of Hamlet reflect a characteristic of Renaissance Humanism.
	www.readwritethink.org /lessons/lesson_view.asp?id=297 (2010 words)

	knowledge and wisdom
		The word Renaissance means "rebirth" and is used to describe the period in European history between the 15th and 16th centuries.
		In some ways, Renaissance humanism was in many ways a very Christian movement in that it sought to place categorical man in God's universe.
		The humanist notion of human dignity was extended into everyday life in the prescribed etiquette that marked the well-bred gentle man or woman.
	www.csupomona.edu /~plin/ls201/renaissance1.html (1237 words)

	Medieval and Renaissance Humanism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		This volume discusses humanist aspects of medieval and Renaissance intellectual life and thought and of their appropriation by modern history and literature.
		It charts the humanist representations of the scholarly enterprise, the self-representation of the intellectual, the representation of individuality in humanist literature, as well as the problem field of Renaissance humanism as an ideological programme of educational, moral, and political reform.
		The volume is particularly useful for medievalists and Renaissance scholars, as well as for historians specialised in the history of medieval and Renaissance art, medicine music and education.
	www.brill.nl /product_id11500.htm (247 words)

	Renaissance
		Afterlives of the Saints: Hagiography, Typology, and Renaissance Literature.
		Wightman, W.P.D. Science and the Renaissance: An Introduction to the Study of the Emergence of the Sciences in the Sixteenth Century.
		This page is intended to be a growing collection of links to Renaissance poetry texts (and related resources), with a special emphasis on the English literature of the period.
	www.library.wwu.edu /ref/subjguides/renbib.htm#lit (3218 words)

	The Cambridge Companion to Renaissance Humanism - Cambridge University Press
		Overall, The Cambridge Companion to Renaissance Humanism provides a comprehensive introduction to a major movement in the culture of early modern Europe.
		Humanism and the origins of modern political thought James Hankins; 8.
		Humanism and English literature in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries Clare Carroll; 14.
	www.cambridge.org /0521436249 (403 words)

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