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| | eMedicine - Renal Cell Carcinoma : Article by Deborah A Baumgarten, MD, MPH |
 | | Staging of RCC, which can be performed by using CT or MRI, includes the assessment of ipsilateral or contralateral adrenal involvement, direct extension into adjacent organs, enlargement of retroperitoneal lymph nodes, invasion of the ipsilateral renal vein (with or without extension into the inferior vena cava), and distant metastatic disease (liver, bone, lungs). |
 | | In patients with renal failure and long-standing dialysis dependence, detection of an RCC (especially the papillary type) is increased when imaging is performed soon after the contrast bolus passes (in the arterial phase). |
 | | In patients with normal renal function, imaging during the arterial or cortical phases may make the lesions less visible because the typical hypoenhancement of the tumors cannot be distinguished from the nonenhancement of the adjacent medulla. |
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