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Topic: Renal function

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	Renal physiology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Renal physiology is the study of the physiology of the kidneys.
		The renal collecting ducts open into the renal pelvis and drain into the ureters which pass on the urine to the bladder.
		A simple means of estimating renal function is to measure blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and basic electrolytes (sodium and potassium).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Renal_physiology (808 words)

	Renal function - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In medicine (nephrology) renal function is an indication of the state of the kidney and its role in physiology.
		Evaluation of renal function and disease with radionuclides (Progress in nuclear medicine, v.
		Renal function after tumor enucleation: Assessment by quantitative SPECT of (99m Tc)-dimercaptosuccinic acid uptake by the kidneys : An article from: The Journal of Nuclear Medicine
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /renal_function.htm (564 words)

	Assessment of Renal Function - WSAVA 2002
		Renal disease is a common problem in small animal practice and one of the challenges for the practitioner is to diagnose the presence of renal dysfunction at an early stage.
		It is often said that one of the earliest functions that is lost by the kidney in the face of significant renal disease is the ability to concentrate the urine.
		This type of assessment of renal function could be used for early diagnosis of renal disease and in the monitoring of renal function in an azotaemic animal where long-term treatment is being administered.
	www.vin.com /proceedings/Proceedings.plx?CID=WSAVA2002&PID=2704 (1827 words)

	VET 204- Renal Function
		Renal disease is the cause of 15% of all small animal problems.
		The primary chemistries used to assess renal function are nonprotein nitrogens and electrolytes.
		Renal azotemia is a sign of acute or chronic renal failure, glomerular nephritis, or tubular necrosis.
	www.medaille.edu /vmacer/204_lec15_renal.htm (2069 words)

	AllRefer Health - Renal Scan (Kidney Scan, Renogram) - Test/Medical Exams/Tests
		A renal scan is a nuclear medicine examination that uses small amounts of radioactive materials (radioisotopes) to measure the function of the kidneys.
		A renal scan is particularly useful when there is a known sensitivity to the contrast media used in an IVP or other X-rays, or when there is underlying kidney insufficiency (reduced kidney function).
		Renal scan is commonly used after a kidney transplant to evaluate kidney function and to look for signs of transplant rejection.
	health.allrefer.com /health/renal-scan-info.html (342 words)

	Syllabus on Geriatric Anesthesiology
		Renal dysfunction remains a serious complication during the perioperative period and is most likely to occur in critically ill patients undergoing major surgery.
		Perioperative renal failure following trauma and thoracic or cardiovascular surgery carries a reported incidence of 0.1% to 50%, depending on the population analyzed and the methods used to define renal failure, and is associated with a reported mortality of 20 percent to 90 percent.
		The precise mechanisms heralding the transition from compensated preserved renal function to uncompensated renal failure during the perioperative period remain poorly understood, in part because the methods used to assess renal function are insensitive and nonspecific.
	www.asahq.org /clinical/geriatrics/perio.htm (647 words)

	Renal Function Tests
		However, measurement of serum phosphate and uric acid is useful for monitoring the effect of therapy during chronic renal disease and/or the effects of attempts to minimize increased serum concentrations by restricting dietary intake of phosphate and nucleotides.
		Evaluation of renal sodium reabsorption is, however, valuable for assessing tubule function and is useful for distinguishing whether rapidly developing azotemia is due to acute renal failure or to prerenal azotemia from a compensatory decrease in renal blood flow due to hypovolemia.
		It is particularly important when evaluating renal function of children to correct the measured creatinine clearance to what it would be if the child had a body surface area of 1.73 sq.
	www.pro2services.com /Lectures/Spring/RenalTests/renaltests.htm (2494 words)

	Radionuclide Evaluation of Renal Function
		The uptake in the kidneys from 1 to 3 minutes on the renogram curves was used to calculate the split renal function; the left-to-right ratio was 85% to 15%.
		Renal clearance in the form of GFR or ERPF are the commonly used parameters in the initial and followup evaluation of several renal diseases.
		The simplified radionuclide methods for quantifying renal function are estimates of function, with clinically acceptable levels of error.
	www.med.harvard.edu /JPNM/TF96_97/Jan28/WriteUp.html (978 words)

	Nursing Diagnoses/Renal Function
		Because an increased BUN may also be caused by anything that causes poor renal perfusion or renal dysfunction, it is important to look at the BUN in relation to the pathological process for the individual patient.
		With renal dysfunction, as creatinine and BUN levels continue to rise, the patient is likely to experience fatigue, muscle weakness and nausea and vomiting.
		Renal dysfunction interferes with the excretion of many drugs and prolongs the effect of the drug in the bloodstream.
	www.rnceus.com /renal/renaldx.html (1101 words)

	Renal Glycosuria
		Renal glycosuria, also known as renal glucosuria, is a rare condition in which the simple sugar glucose is eliminated (excreted) in the urine despite normal or low blood glucose levels.
		With normal kidney (renal) function, glucose is excreted in the urine only when there are abnormally elevated levels of glucose in the blood.
		However, in those with renal glycosuria, glucose is abnormally eliminated in the urine due to improper functioning of the renal tubules, which are primary components of the filtering units of the kidneys (nephrons).
	my.webmd.com /hw/health_guide_atoz/nord685.asp (445 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Recovery of renal function in dialysis patients
		When the renal artery occlusion to the solitary kidney was surgically repaired as late as six months after initiation of dialysis, the patient showed recovery of renal function [1].
		Urologic conditions such as inadvertent ligation of the renal vein of a single functioning kidney and chronic obstructive uropathy due to chronic ureteric obstruction especially in a single functioning kidney, can also reveal evidence of delayed resolution of renal failure upon relieving the obstruction, as cited by Cancarini and Shokeir and their colleagues [4,5].
		Probably the most reported dialysis dependent cases that eventually regained renal functions are vasculitis related acute renal failure patients and those with accelerated hypertension, who were later noted to have an adequate amount of renal functions to evade dialysis therapy [7-9].
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2369/4/9 (2812 words)

	Chronic gout, renal function, and NSAIDs
		Improvement of renal function in patients with chronic gout after proper control of hyperuricemia and gouty bouts.
		Improvement in renal function was defined as at least 20% increase in creatinine clearance, and worsening as a t least 20% decrease from baseline.
		Improved renal function occurred in 30/87 patients, and worsening in 4/87.
	www.jr2.ox.ac.uk /bandolier/booth/gout/gorfnsai.html (420 words)

	Abnormal Renal Function
		At the final stages of a renal disease, when most of the nephrons are destroyed, urine volume falls and the patient notices oliguria(smaller than normal volume of urine) or even anuria (urine volume is zero).
		Of importance in the assessment of renal function is protein content of urine which should not exceed 200mg/day.
		It is therefore essential- in the investigation of the patient with suspected renal disease- to accompany renal function tests with tests that examine the structural integrity of the kidneys and immunological and microbiological tests.
	www.themedicaldirectory.org /essays/renal.shtml (1580 words)

	Improving the Clinical Assessment of Renal Function in HIV
		This study was not intended to determine the rate of renal impairment in patients treated with TDF, but rather to evaluate a measure of GFR versus serum creatinine in a cohort of HIV infected patients.
		He cautioned that careful monitoring of renal function is needed in those patients treated with TDF and those at risk for renal disease.
		Clinical events were defined as diagnosis of renal or kidney failure, renail insufficiency, proximal tubular dysfunction, acute tubular necrosis, nephrgenic diabetes, Fanconi's syndrome, hypophosphatemia, acute intestitial nephritis, nephritic syndrome, renal tubular dysfunction, and death due to renal failure.
	www.natap.org /2005/CROI/croi_21.htm (2816 words)

	News - Peritoneal Dialysis May Be More Likely To Achieve Renal Function Recovery In Atheroembolic Renal Failure
		Patients with atheroembolic renal failure have a high mortality rate, but also have a greater chance of recovering renal function than with other vascular causes of renal failure, a Canadian study has concluded.
		The study found recovery of renal function, to the extent that dialysis was no longer necessary, was an important predictor of survival.
		Of the 43 cases identified, 12 recovered renal function enough to continue dialysis (after a mean delay of 409 days) and 31 did not.
	www.docguide.com /news/content.nsf/news/8525697700573E1885256D4A007547B1 (597 words)

	THE MERCK MANUAL OF GERIATRICS, Ch. 97, Aging and the Kidney
		Although renal function declines substantially with age, it is usually sufficient for removing bodily wastes and regulating the volume and composition of extracellular fluid.
		Nevertheless, reduced renal function decreases the elderly person's ability to respond to various physiologic and pathologic stresses.
		Doses of many drugs excreted primarily by the kidneys (eg, digoxin, aminoglycosides) require adjustment to compensate for decreases in renal function.
	www.merck.com /mrkshared/mm_geriatrics/sec12/ch97.jsp (62 words)

	IV. Measurement of Renal Function
		Measurement of the varied functions of the kidney depends almost entirely on the application of the principle of conservation.
		For substances that are not synthesized or metabolized by renal tissue, the amount entering the kidney via the renal artery equals the amount leaving in the renal vein and ureter.
		Renal plasma flow can be determined by the principle of conservation and the use of a substance that is not synthesized or metabolized by the kidney.
	www2.kumc.edu /ki/physiology/course/four/4_1.htm (837 words)

	MAPS: MDMA and Renal Function
		A compilation of renal function indicators (see table II) was used to review forty-three cases (see table I) where the recreational use of ecstasy led to some form of medical intervention.
		In fact, when impaired renal function is observed after the ingestion of ecstasy, multiple factors are to blame.
		The main purpose of the study is to examine whether changes in renal clearance, renal vasculature, and renal tissue integrity are observed with MDMA administration in the absence of the environmental factors frequently associated with the adverse reactions seen recreationally in humans.
	www.maps.org /research/mdma/podraza.html (6022 words)

	MRB: Replacement of Renal Function by Dialysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Purpose Timing of intervention Indications for dialysis Dialysis dose Renal Replacement Replace renal function Based on level of biochemical markers Narrow Extrapolated from ESRD Renal Support...
		Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) is the replacement of normal kidney function on a continuous basis...
		failure is severe, and about 90% of renal function is lost, a patient requires a form of renal replacement therapy to survive: a renal transplant or dialysis.
	www.medical-research-books.com /mrb-books-reviewed/1402000839.html (605 words)

	bbc.co.uk - Health - Medical Tests - Renal Function Tests
		Renal (kidney) function tests involve a variety of tests which look at the way kidney is working to clean the blood, including urine samples and blood tests.
		Kidney function tests look at whether the kidney is failing by measuring the waste products passed out in the urine and those left behind in the blood, as well as the general mineral levels in the blood which are controlled, in part, by the kidneys.
		Some medications affect kidney function and these tests can be used to the measure this, allowing the doctor to stop the treatment if the effect is severe.
	www.bbc.co.uk /health/talking/tests/function_renal.shtml (585 words)

	Tubule function (from renal system) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The role of the tubules may be assessed by comparing the amounts of various substances in the filtrate and in the urine (Table 2).
		More results on "Tubule function (from renal system)" when you join.
		any of the long narrow tubes in the kidney that concentrate and transport urine from the nephrons, the chief functioning units of the kidneys, to larger ducts that connect with the renal calyces, cavities in which urine gathers until it flows through the renal pelvis and the ureter to the urinary bladder.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=58630 (882 words)

	RENAL FUNCTION ACROSS THE LIFESPAN
		Dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces with urine
		Those with chronic renal failure are cared for at home or in long term settings, with attention to maintaining control of sxs and preserving remaining renal function as long as possible.
		Renal function is normal or near normal when the kidney can both concentrate and dilute urine, control serum electrolytes, and excrete nitrogenous wastes.
	www.tc.cc.tx.us /~sdroske/renal.htm (7677 words)

	Your Kidneys and How They Work (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		As kidney function worsens, the amount of albumin and other proteins in the urine increases, and the condition is called proteinuria.
		People with reduced kidney function (a high creatinine level in the blood or a low creatinine clearance) should have their blood pressure controlled, and an ACE inhibitor or an ARB should be one of their medications.
		People with reduced kidney function need to be aware that some parts of a normal diet may speed their kidney failure.
	kidney.niddk.nih.gov /kudiseases/pubs/yourkidneys (4122 words)

	~Renal Function~ Kidney Research, Articles and Information ~Renal Function~ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The urinary excretion of the renal proximal tubular enzyme...
		Harper Evaluation of the Cockroft-Gault, Jelliffe and Wright formulae in estimating renal function in elderly cancer patients Ann Oncol 15: 291-295.
		The importance of residual renal function for patients on dialysis -- Bargma...
	www.kidneydir.com /Renal/renalfunction (1251 words)

	TAURINE MODULATION OF RENAL EXCRETORY FUNCTION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		on renal excretory function is related, primarily, to altered tubular reabsorption activity.
		excretory function of the UNX rat (Militante and Lombardini, 2002; Mozaffari and Schaffer, 2002), we
		proximal renal tubules from the teleost Carassius auratus.
	www.coldcure.com /html/taurine-kidney.html (3005 words)

	Birman Veterinary Renal Function Test (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		This is more usually associated with some degree of renal insufficiency, however, some of these Birmans with high renal values have been observed for many years without showing any other evidence of renal disease, or progression to renal failure.
		The significance of the high renal values in these cats is questionable, but this does raise concerns as veterinary surgeons unaware of this phenomenon may assume it indicates renal failure.
		This pilot revealed that 25% of the cats had elevated creatinine levels, and 90% had elevated urea levels (although it should be noted that the cats had not been fasted prior to sampling, and feeding may cause a mild elevation in urea level).
	www.kween.net /rishabha/Langford.htm (536 words)

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