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Topic: Replay attack

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Denial of service

Kerberos (protocol)

Passive wiretapping

Active wiretapping

Timestamp

Truth function

Secure Sockets Layer

Data Encryption Standard

Boolean function

XOR

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	Replay - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Major League Baseball has consistently declined calls for an instant replay rule, holding that the judgment of the umpire on the field is absolute and binding upon the play of the game.
		Replay is a 1987 science fiction novel by Ken Grimwood.
		Replay is also a 1980 album by the rock group Crosby, Stills and Nash.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Replay (273 words)

	[No title]
		Resisting to insider's attacks requires deep modifications of the protocol and it is outside the scope of this memo.
		This attack requires the neighbor to be identified by its ip address but it is independent of the sequence numbers.
		The higher-sequence attack can be applied if the source router reuses sequence numbers across reboot, the attacker logs the packets and waits for the router to reboot, then replays them.
	off.net /~jme/ietf/draft-etienne-ospfv2-auth-flaws-00.txt (2654 words)

	Replay attack - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A replay attack is a form of network attack in which a valid data transmission is maliciously or fraudulently repeated or delayed.
		This is carried out either by the originator or by an adversary who intercepts the data and retransmits it, possibly as part of a masquerade attack.
		Otherwise Mallory may be able to guess some future token and convince Alice to use that token in her transformation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Replay_attack (391 words)

	Strengths of the SSL Protocol (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A brute force attack against the ciphers with 128 bits or more is completely impractical in the foreseeable future.
		A replay attack is one where a third party records an exchange of messages between a client and server and attempts to rerun the client messages at the server at a later date.
		This attack is prevented by SSL forcing the server to use its private key to decrypt the master key if it is to continue to handshake with the client.
	ganges.cs.tcd.ie /mepeirce/Dce/99/ssl/strengths.htm (259 words)

	Tokusentai - Tetris Attack: Essay: "Replay Value"
		For example, you may play an RPG constantly, chalking up forty hours and whatnot, but the replay value is still virtually nil because once you've beaten it, well, you've beaten it.
		Tetris Attack may play at a frenetic pace, but it has a large underlying sense of order and strategy; this quality allows Tetris Attack to surpass most, if not all, games in its genre.
		Those four reasons explain why, in my opinion, Tetris Attack has a nearly infinite replay value and, consequently, why Tetris Attack is so addictive.
	home.hawaii.rr.com /tokusentai/ta-essay.html (832 words)

	Zvon - RFC 2617 [HTTP Authentication: Basic and Digest Access Authentication] - Security Considerations
		The information gained by the eavesdropper would permit a replay attack, but only with a request for the same document, and even that may be limited by the server's choice of nonce.
		The countermeasure against this attack is for clients to be configured to require the use of the optional "cnonce" directive; this allows the client to vary the input to the hash in a way not chosen by the attacker.
		The countermeasure against this attack is to for clients to be configured to require the use of the optional "cnonce" directive.
	www.zvon.org /tmRFC/RFC2617/Output/chapter4.html (2853 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - replay attack
		Attack, pursuing a goal by aggressive action against an opponent.
		Attack of the Clones, science-fiction film about a young man’s coming of age and his role in an emerging power struggle.
		Attack Submarine, modern name for a naval vessel designed to operate principally underwater and to attack and destroy other submarines and surface...
	encarta.msn.com /replay+attack.html (107 words)

	Zvon - RFC 2069 [An Extension to HTTP : Digest Access Authentication] - Security Considerations
		The information gained by the eavesdropper would permit a replay attack, but only with a request for the same document, and even that might be difficult.
		A replay attack against digest authentication would usually be pointless for a simple GET request since an eavesdropper would already have seen the only document he could obtain with a replay.
		In particular the structure of the nonce (which is dependent on the server implementation) may affect the ease of mounting a replay attack.
	www.zvon.org /tmRFC/RFC2069/Output/chapter3.html (1561 words)

	Project-Team-hipercom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The replay attack is an incorrect control message generation where the incorrect control messages are the replay of old control messages.
		The relay attack is an attack where a control message is artificially relayed to another location of the network than the actual location where this message has been sent.
		Concerning the relay attack, we have shown that the knowledge by the nodes of their own position can be used to mitigate this latter attack.
	www.inria.fr /rapportsactivite/RA2004/hipercom2004/uid42.html (515 words)

	Storage under attack
		Replay attack: In a replay attack, the attacker copies the data or a sequence of messages and resends it at an appropriate time.
		The attack may be launched on a Sunday morning or whenever the attacker is confident that the admin will not be logged on.
		Man-in-the-middle attack: In this attack, an attacker intercepts a message exchange, and poses as sender to the receiver and receiver to the sender.
	whatis.techtarget.com /originalContent/0,289142,sid5_gci958825,00.html (536 words)

	[No title]
		Active Attack: An attempt to improperly modify data, gain authentication, or gain authorization by inserting false packets into the data stream or by modifying packets transiting the data stream.
		Replay Attack: An attack on an authentication system by recording and replaying previously sent valid messages (or parts of messages).
		To defend against an active attack, or to provide privacy, it is necessary to use a protocol with session encryption, for example Kerberos, or use an authentication mechanism that protects against replay attacks, perhaps using time stamps.
	www.ietf.org /rfc/rfc1704.txt (5571 words)

	Introduction to FreeS/WAN
		An attack in which the attacker does not merely eavesdrop (see passive attack) but takes action to change, delete, reroute, add, forge or divert data.
		The protocol is secure against all passive attacks, but it is not at all resistant to active man-in-the-middle attacks.
		An attack in which the attacker only eavesdrops and attempts to analyse intercepted messages, as opposed to an active attack in which he diverts messages or generates his own.
	www.freeswan.org /freeswan_trees/CURRENT-TREE/doc/glossary.html (11547 words)

	White Paper 3: Why are 1-Wire SHA-1 Devices Secure? - Maxim/Dallas
		All of these attacks assume the attacker has access to a valid user token that is part of the service, meaning the authentication secret is set and that the data in the device is valid.
		The Copy Attack is done by copying valid service data from a device that is part of the service and writing it to another device that may or may not be part of the service.
		The MAC variation of this attack consists of enumerating through all of the challenge-response pairs and keeping the results in a database to be used by an emulator.
	www.maxim-ic.com /appnotes.cfm/appnote_number/1098 (2034 words)

	Replay attack -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A replay attack is a form of ((electronics) a system of interconnected electronic components or circuits) network attack in which a valid data transmission is maliciously or fraudulently repeated.
		This is carried out either by the originator or by an (Someone who offers opposition) adversary who intercepts the data and retransmits it, possibly as part of a masquerade attack.
		The (The present occasion) nonces used in various packets also prevent replay attacks...
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/r/re/replay_attack.htm (378 words)

	Flaws in packet's authentication of OSPFv2
		The source address indicates the origin of the packet and is used by OSPF to know which neighbor sent the packet (RFC2328.8.2[4]) on broadcast, point-to-multipoint, NBMA networks.
		In this attack, an attacker destroys the neighborhood by successfully replaying a packet with a sequence number greater than the ones from the real source, so the destination ignores the real packets until they reach a higher sequence number.
		Outside this area, if the LSA is flooded as a Summary LSA, the routers will recompute a route from it (RFC2328.16.5[4]); a less expensive operation, but done by all the routers of the AS.
	off.net /~jme/ietf/draft-etienne-ospfv2-auth-flaws-00.html (2424 words)

	CoreLabs — Advisories
		A replay attack is possible against the authenticated/encrypted channel for remote administration.
		This led us to try replaying an administration session as a whole, with the unexpected result that it was deemed valid by 'S'.
		As a result, an attacker with access to an encrypted administration session can record the session and replay it to the server at a later time to reissue the administration commands to the personal firewall.
	www.coresecurity.com /common/showdoc.php?idx=314&idxseccion=10 (797 words)

	[No title]
		Replay protection is important to protect the GCKS from attacks that a key management server will attract.
		The replay attack is only useful in the context of the current Phase 1.
		Replay and reflection attacks seek to gain information from a subsequent GDOI message response or seek to disrupt the operation of a GDOI member or GCKS entity.
	www.ietf.org /rfc/rfc3547.txt (12670 words)

	Encyclopedia: Replay attack (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A hash function or hash algorithm is a function for summarizing or probabilistically identifying data.
		Cryptographic attacks A denial-of-service attack (also, DoS attack) is an attack on a computer system or network that causes a loss of service to users, typically the loss of network connectivity and services by consuming the bandwidth of the victim network or overloading the computational resources of the victim system.
		Active wiretapping is a form of wiretapping that attempts to alter the data or otherwise affect the flow of data, usually for malicious purposes.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Replay-attack (703 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Replay prevention is provided by the combination of a constantly increasing count, the SPI and the HMAC key.
		The key (K, as described in a later section) must be changed frequently enough so that the counter is not allowed to wrap; in other words, the key must be changed before (2^32)-2 packets are transmitted using this key.
		For a given SPI, counter wrapping shall be considered to be a replay attack.
	www.storagetek.com /hughes/esp-des-md5-03.html (1723 words)

	IETF -- I-D ACTION:draft-jangir-replay-attack-protection-00.txt
		One of the mechanisms defined is replay attack protection.
		But this mechanism is not addressed in multisender environment where multiple senders are sending packets for same destination SA (This includes sharing of SA as well as multicast).
		This document reviews the issues in multisender environment and addresses solution for this by identifying the sending SA and having replay attack protection against each sending SA.
	www.spinics.net /lists/ietf-ann/msg16115.html (325 words)

	VNC Vulnerable To Replay Attack? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		VNC is not directly vulnerable to replay attacks.
		The authentication that takes place over the network is based on a random challenge, which is encrypted by the server using the password, and then sent to the client.
		So replay attacks are not the problem of VNC.
	www.realvnc.com /pipermail/vnc-list/2000-February/012209.html (277 words)

	A Taxonomy of Replay Attacks - Syverson (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Abstract: This paper presents a taxonomy of replay attacks on cryptographic protocols in terms of message origin and destination.
		It is also complete in the sense that any replay attack is composed entirely of elements classified by the taxonomy.
		The classification of attacks is illustrated using both new and previously known attacks on protocols.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /syverson94taxonomy.html (582 words)

	SecuriTeam.com ™ - Vulnerabilities in Kerio Personal Firewall (Buffer Overflow, Replay)
		Two security vulnerabilities have been found in the product, one allowing remote attackers to replay previous sessions, the other allows overflowing a buffer used by the Kerio firewall, allowing execution of arbitrary code.
		Because of a design problem in the authentication mechanism for remote administration, it is possible to replay a previously captured administration session.
		As a result, an attacker with access to an encrypted administration session can record the session and replay it to the server later to reissue the administration commands to the personal firewall.
	www.securiteam.com /windowsntfocus/5VP10009PQ.html (842 words)

	XML Key Management Specification (XKMS) Part II
		That is the requestor must be assured that the response returned was made in response to the intended request sent to the service and not a modification of that request (Request Substitution attack) or a response to an earlier request (response replay attack).
		Request replay attacks are likely to only be a concern if the service charges on a per request basis or as a type of Denial of Service attack.
		[56] The service may limit the time interval in which replay attacks are possible by rejecting nonce values that specify an unacceptable time value or an incorrect MAC value.
	www.w3.org /2001/XKMS/Drafts/XKMS/xkms-part-2.html (3141 words)

	[No title]
		Such a 'replay' attack could be beneficial to understanding what goes on during a session.
		This attack is known as Differential Power Analysis (DPA), which at the time of its discovery all smartcards were vulnerable to this attack.
		A similar attack to DPA which was recently brought to my attention could use thermal imaging to observe very small changes in temperature on different areas of the chip, and if a random number generator was implemented separately from the main processor, it could be isolated.
	www.digzine.com /issues/1/dig1.txt (7006 words)

	SecurityDocs: Exploits & Weaknesses in Password Security (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		You might think that a programmed attack like this works only if the attacker is trying to login via a network using one of the many built-in ways in which operating systems provide for network logins.
		If a secret were to be reused, a number of confounding issues would be introduced, such as the need for an expiration time on a secret The strength of one-time passwords depends on the secrecy of the password generator and naturally on the secrecy of the storage device for the passwords.
		The first problem is the man-in-the-middle attack in which an adversary sits on the network between the client and the authentication server.
	www.securitydocs.com /library/2714 (14416 words)

	Authentication Errors are Caused by Unsynchronized Clocks: Logon and Authentication (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Clients can be prevented from authenticating by the mechanisms that Kerberos authentication uses to prevent "replay" attacks.
		In a replay attack, a malicious user captures the network traffic and replays it to trick the authenticating server into accepting the attacker as a legitimate user who is providing credentials.
		Thus, if a ticket is compromised, it cannot be used outside of a specified time range — usually short enough to make the risk of a replay attack minimal.
	www.microsoft.com /technet/prodtechnol/windowsserver2003/library/Operations/6EE8470E-A0E8-40B2-A84F-DBEC6BCBD862.mspx (885 words)

	LectureNotes10
		Replay that can be logged: The receiver must accept messages with a timestamp
		Handshake of steps 4and5 is there to prevent a replay attack on the message in step 3
		An attacker could intercept a message and replay it later when it is still within the recipient's
	www.ii.uib.no /~oyvind/I248/Forelesninger/LectureNotes10.html (517 words)

	ISS X-Force Database: kerio-pf-replay-attack(11898): Kerio Personal Firewall replay attack (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Kerio Personal Firewall versions 2.1.4 and earlier could allow a remote attacker to launch a replay attack, caused by a vulnerability in the authentication mechanism for remote administration.
		This could allow an attacker to replay commands, such as enabling and disabling the firewall, adding firewall rules, and other administrative commands.
		CERT Vulnerability Note VU#641012, Kerio Personal Firewall vulnerable to replay attack at http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/641012.
	xforce.iss.net /xforce/xfdb/11898 (300 words)

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