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Topic: Representative government

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	[No title]
		The government of a country, it is affirmed, is, in all substantial respects, fixed and determined beforehand by the state of the country in regard to the distribution of the elements of social power.
		And the maxim, that the government of a country is what the social forces in existence compel it to be, is true only in the sense in which it favours, instead of discouraging, the attempt to exercise, among all forms of government practicable in the existing condition of society, a rational choice.
		Government is at once a great influence acting on the human mind, and a set of organised arrangements for public business: in the first capacity its beneficial action is chiefly indirect, but not therefore less vital, while its mischievous action may be direct.
	www.constitution.org /jsm/rep_gov.txt (16715 words)

	REPGOV Chapter 4
		Chapter IV We have recognised in representative government the ideal type of the most perfect polity, for which, in consequence, any portion of mankind are better adapted in proportion to their degree of general improvement.
		The willingness of the people to accept representative government only becomes a practical question when an enlightened ruler, or a foreign nation or nations who have gained power over the country, are disposed to offer it the boon.
		In every country, the executive is the branch of the government which wields the immediate power, and is in direct contact with the public; to it, principally, the hopes and fears of individuals are directed, and by it both the benefits, and the terrors and prestige, of government are mainly represented to the public eye.
	www.la.utexas.edu /research/poltheory/mill/repgov/repgov.c04.html (2522 words)

	Representative Government and Democracy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The focus of this essay is on the theory and practice of representative government and its relations with democracy.
		However, the general acceptance of representative government as a necessary and desirable institution of democracy was still one century away.
		Representative government enabled a shift of the democratic stage from small city-states to large nation-states, and it has been viewed by many as a desirable solution to the competing needs of an effective but also accountable government.
	www.oycf.org /Perspectives/3_123199/representative_government.htm (2292 words)

	Who Is Represented By A "Representative Government"
		If the representative is the agent of those of his constitutents who voted for him, he cannot "represent" those constituents who voted against him (for they have explicitly chosen that he shall not be their agent).
		But in a representative system where the electors elect a representative on his stance on a an agenda of issues, rather than just one issue, the agent status of the representative is inherently in question, for the victorious majority as well as for the defeated minority.
		Suppose we have a "simple case" where electors elect representatives on only one issue, representatives fully disclose their "positions" on that one issue and the representative is legally bound to vote as he has "advertised" he will vote.
	perspicuity.net /politics/represnt.html (2186 words)

	Japan - The Development of Representative Government
		A major proponent of representative government was Itagaki Taisuke (1837-1919), a powerful leader of Tosa forces who had resigned from his Council of State position over the Korean affair in 1873.
		Government leaders, long preoccupied with violent threats to stability and the serious leadership split over the Korean affair, generally agreed that constitutional government should someday be established.
		Although limited in their authority, these assemblies represented a move in the direction of representative government at the national level, and by 1880 assemblies also had been formed in villages and towns.
	countrystudies.us /japan/25.htm (1212 words)

	Representative Government 1832-1855: Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage
		In the mid-1820s, the system of naval government which had evolved during the 18th century was replaced by the constitutional arrangements usual for a Crown colony.
		At the same time, many of the merchants who dominated the local economy opposed the granting of representative government, arguing that the cost of a legislature would have to be born by taxes - which would raise the price of producing fish and hurt business.
		The bill to grant representative government to Newfoundland came before the British Parliament in 1832, the same year that the right to vote was extended to many British citizens and the House of Commons was reformed.
	www.heritage.nf.ca /law/representative.html (1897 words)

	Representative democracy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Representative democracy is a form of democracy founded on the exercise of popular sovereignty by the people's representatives.
		The representatives act in the people's interest, but not as their proxy representative—i.e., not necessarily always according to their voters' wishes, but with enough authority to exercise initiative in the face of changing circumstances.
		While existing representative democracies hold such elections to choose the representatives, in theory other methods, such as sortition, could be used instead.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Representative_government (270 words)

	Considerations on Representative Government, by John Stuart Mill (chapter4)
		Mill thus concludes that the two proper criteria for evaluating forms of government are (1) the improvement of the character of the governed, and (2) the utilization of the community's virtue and talent.
		Representative government, he says, is where the whole people exercise the sovereign power through their elected deputies.
		Representative Government is mainly an appeal to British Liberals to stand firm in opposing those democratic reforms which would allow the "untutored masses" to participate in exercising governmental authority.
	www.ditext.com /mill/rg/shields.html (10878 words)

	John Stuart Mill: Representative Government
		of representative government, it is above all necessary to keep in view the distinction between its idea or essence, and the particular forms in which the idea has been clothed by accidental historical developments, or by the notions current at some particular period.
		The British government is thus a representative government in the correct sense of the term: and the powers which it leaves in hands not directly accountable to the people can only be considered as precautions which the ruling power is willing should be taken against its own errors.
		But while it is essential to representative government that the practical supremacy in the state should reside in the representatives of the people, it is an open question what actual functions, what precise part in the machinery of government, shall be directly and personally discharged by the representative body.
	www.constitution.org /jsm/rep_gov.htm (17134 words)

	ReDemocracy: Reclaiming representative democratic government from the neo conservative reactionaries
		This would put minority-rule special-interest government of, by, and for the few on notice that while individual rights should be protected by the court(s), the governor(s) and the state and national upper-house legislature(s), that majority rule should be the rule again rather than the exception in the US as it has unfortunately become.
		In other words, the more money a representative or senator receives from a source or interest, the greater likelihood that his or her vote will reflect the interests of the giver relative to the issue or legislation.
		This is not democracy, rather its government by a private corporataucracy--of, by and for the very rich who can afford hundreds of thousands of dollars in hard and soft political cash to puppet government office-holders at whim to their liking at the expense of the majority of Americans.
	www.autobuyology.org /car15.html (2921 words)

	Canada in the Making - Specific Events & Topics
		This page will look at the history of representative government in Canada, which had to be won before responsible government.
		Representative government is a system of government with a law-making body that is at least partly elected by the people.
		In Canada, representative government was gained at different times and in different ways in each province and territory.
	www.canadiana.org /citm/specifique/representatif_e.html (885 words)

	SUMMARY-Proposing a Direct Democracy Initiatives Amendment to Improve Representative Government (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		It is consistent with our representative form of government and will give enduring priority to the people's general well-being—as required by the U.S. Constitution.
		The only effective way to accomplish this is by a constitutional amendment authorizing nationwide direct-democracy initiatives that include the power of congressional oversight by the people—all contending solutions inevitably fall short.
		Though many entrenched federal power structures will be formidable antagonists, their opposition will not be unanimous—for example, many congresspersons desire some resolution of their moral dilemmas in representing their voters while accepting large special-interest donations, and many corporate executives prefer to compete on a level playing-field rather than by paid political influence.
	www.cusdi.org /summary.htm (952 words)

	Representative Government (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		That representative is then sent to sit in government's counsel to vote on issues in line with her constituents' views.
		The representative is capable of focusing on lawmaking instead of farming or software development (both very demanding jobs), of spending the time to be there, and consequently making an intelligent decision.
		In this case, "representative" means the government represented the Queen to the people, not the people to the Queen.
	c2.com /cgi/wiki?RepresentativeGovernment (348 words)

	INTRODUCTION - Proposing a Direct Democracy Initiatives Amendment to Improve Representative Government
		Also, their opposition will not be unanimous: many congresspersons desire some resolution of their moral dilemmas in representing their voters while accepting donations from wealthy special interests, and many corporate executives prefer to compete on a level playing-field rather than by paid political influence.
		State governments should lead by legislative support of the Amendment in principle, as they have led before in matters of conscience—e.g., women's suffrage.
		State governments also benefit directly by gaining the right to propose regular and expedited nationwide Initiatives.
	cusdi.org (1463 words)

	Lesson Plan: How to make representative government work for you! \| The Civics Institute
		Drive home the point that local government (especially) is intended to be representative (we vote for individuals to represent us and our interests and the government closest to a citizen is supposed to be the most representative).
		You should talk about all of the opportunities that exist to ensure that it is representative (voting, open meetings with public comment, volunteer positions on important committees, high degree of access to officials, opportunities for citizens to work as employees in government, ability to run for office, etc.).
		The goal is to explore the notion of why people agree with representative government in the abstract, but are often unwilling to play their role of participation in that process.
	www.civicsinstitute.org /curricula/high/How_to_make_representative.html (1688 words)

	Reclaiming Representative Government by Jim Toft
		They are the flotsam and jetsam of humanity, benefiting whenever the white-hat five percenters strike a blow for freedom, or suffering -- often perishing -- when the fl-hat five-percenters crush their little corner of the world.
		Congress is the only branch of government that is authorized by the Constitution to make laws, and of course, it cannot make any laws unless both houses vote for the identical bill.
		And finally, when it comes to spending, the House of Representatives is far more important than the Senate, since all spending bills are required by the Constitution to originate in the House.
	www.trimonline.org /congress/articles/reclaim_rep_govt.htm (3483 words)

	The Samuel Griffith Society: Volume 5: Chapter Eight
		My subject today is "Beyond Representative Government", and I hope to cover some of the principles behind the resurgence of public interest in direct democracy.
		The basis on which representative government has long operated, the view so well enunciated in 1774 by Edmund Burke, is no longer acceptable to a vast number of people.
		There are many arguments against open government at all levels, but secrecy is a formula for corruption and all too often provides for avoidance of responsibility and accountability.
	www.samuelgriffith.org.au /papers/html/volume5/v5chap8.htm (3535 words)

	Individual liberties, property, and representative government (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Trace the origins of the concepts of individual liberties, private property, and representative government.
		Rome, on the other hand, had a Senate from which the citizens elected their government representatives on a yearly basis.
		A Senate from which the citizens elected their government representatives on a yearly basis.
	www.hyperhistory.net /apwh/essays/cot/t0w22propertyrightsgov.htm (1247 words)

	Cokie Roberts on How Internet Is Ruining Representative Government (fwd)
		The Founders were clear in their advocacy of representative democracy as opposed to direct democracy.
		In The Federalist, James Madison asserted that "the public voice pronounced by the representatives of the people will be more consonant to the public good than if announced by the people themselves convened for that purpose." But representative government is under attack.
		Her brother, Tommy Boggs, of the Washington law firm Patton, Boggs and Blow made quite a name for himself as a lobbyist arguing strenuously on behalf of erstwhile Guatemalan dictators and death squad financiers in the 1980's and early 1990's.
	www.ibiblio.org /pjones/ils310/msg00263.html (1329 words)

	Representative government « Bookworm Room (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		That is, under our system of government as envisioned by the Founders, we do not function as a Townhall where every single one of us gets to weigh in on each government initiative.
		He admits this program was effective, and was not abused, and despite entreaties of the government not to divulge its existence and call attention to the program, for fear of compromising its effectiveness and hence compromising U.S. security, the NYT goes ahead and publishes this piece.
		The new world order is not a representative democracy, and as my AP US Civics teacher always reminded us, we’re a representative democracy, not a democracy.
	bookwormroom.wordpress.com /2006/06/26/representative-government (1029 words)

	NJ Legislature's Representative Government
		The United States of America is a representative government.
		If they did not agree with the choices representatives were making, they could elect others in the next election.
		Discuss with students that there are many types of elected officials in government.
	www.njleg.state.nj.us /kids/representative.asp (236 words)

	FairVote - Program for Representative Government
		Activists in Davis, CA are well on their way to what could be proportional voting's first ballot-box win in half a century.
		The local push for choice voting began as UC-Davis students won a fairer election system for their student government.
		The resolution approved was 1.3 on electoral reform.
	www.fairvote.org /?page=37 (389 words)

	Write Your Representative - Contact your Congressperson in the U.S. House of Representatives.
		Send comments about the Write Your Representative Service to the Service Administrator.
		Please note that messages for specific Representatives sent to the Service Administrator will not be forwarded to the Representative.
		U.S. House of Representatives, Washington, DC 20515 (202) 224-3121 TTY: (202) 225-1904
	www.house.gov /writerep (88 words)

	Institute for Representative Government (IRG) – Youth Programs Division – Citizen Exchanges
		The Institute for Representative Government is a non-profit organization, founded in 1988.
		IRG seeks to provide foreign participants with an understanding of the U.S. political system, with a special emphasis on the legislative branch.
		IRG was formed as an offshoot of the U.S. Association of Former Members of Congress and has extensive connections on Capitol Hill.
	exchanges.state.gov /education/citizens/students/worldwide/irg.htm (250 words)

	CongressLink: [Other] Getting Involved: How Can You Participate in Representative Government?
		Students then create television commercials that inform viewers how to get involved in representative government.
		Students will identify different forms of participating in representative government and evaluate the importance of political involvement.
		Who represents you in legislative and executive branches of local, state, and national governments?
	www.congresslink.org /print_lp_gettinginvolved.htm (571 words)

	United States House of Representatives, 109th Congress, 2nd Session: Homepage
		Current operating status of the United States House of Representatives.
		Information on job application policies for the U.S. House of Representatives and openings within the Office of the Chief Administrative Officer (CAO).
		Search all Representatives House websites, listed by State and Congressional District.
	www.house.gov (239 words)

	John Stuart Mill, Considerations of Representative Government, Intro and TOC
		Chapter IV Under what Social Conditions Representative Government is Inapplicable.
		Chapter VI, Of the Infirmities and Dangers to which Representative Government is Liable
		Chapter XVI Of Nationality, as connected with Representative Government
	www.la.utexas.edu /research/poltheory/mill/repgov/index.html (250 words)

	Contacting the Congress
		City Search: Enter a city and state (without a ZIP code) to identify the members of Congress representing that city.
		Privacy Statement: Be assured that we do not keep any of your personal information on-line in any way.
		This information is gathered solely for the purpose of establishing who represents you in Congress and to allow you to contact them electronically.
	www.visi.com /juan/congress (290 words)

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