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Topic: Representative realism

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	Representative Realism
		Representative realism thus introduces a distinction, not present in naive realism, between our experiences of objects and the objects themselves.
		Representative realism holds that there are two completely different types of property, corresponding to this distinction.
		Thus the red appearance of the apple, which is a secondary quality that I project onto it, represents the fact that it reflects certain wavelengths of light, which is a primary quality that it has irrespective of whether I am looking at it or not.
	www.theoryofknowledge.info /representativerealism.html (257 words)

	Representative realism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Representative Theory of Perception, also known as Indirect realism and epistemological dualism, is a philosophical concept.
		Representative realism does, unlike naïve realism, take into account sense data (the way in which the object is interpreted, not simply the objective, mathematical object) - this induces the veil of perception wherein we are unsure the table we look at exists due to there being no direct objective proof of its existence.
		These problems have led some philosophers to abandon realism and suggest the existence of dualism and others to propose, or suggest through emergentism, that some form of new physics is operating in the brain such as quantum mind, space-time theories of consciousness etc.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Representative_realism (916 words)

	Representative Realism essay
		Naïve realism states that we experience the world directly, that we see it exactly as it is. For example, if I see a bird flying overhead I know that I have seen a bird and not just the appearance of a bird to my sense organs.
		Representative realism is a combination of the two theories: it states that we see an impression of the world, but that that impression is caused by the real world.
		Therefore, representative cannot be said to provide an adequate response to the problems encountered by naïve realism and idealism because it does not solve the problem of whether an objective world exists.
	www.arrod.co.uk /essays/representative-realism.php (863 words)

	Philosophical Critiques: Some Forms of Realism - A Critique
		Realism, which contends that extra-mental and extra-Ego reality exists and can be known by the human mind, must be accepted as the only true and valid theory of human knowledge, because it alone gives an adequate interpretation of the facts and data revealed by our consciousness.
		Representative realism (mediate realism, hypothetical realism, cosmothetical realism, inferential realism) is the theory which maintains that the human mind is immediately aware, not of the external objects themselves, but of its own internal representations only, from which it then infers the existence of external, non-Ego reality as their cause.
		Representative realism is the outcome of empiricism, and empiricism is the philosophic offshoot of science.
	www.radicalacademy.com /adiphilcritrealism.htm (2313 words)

	The Radical Academy Glossary of Philosophical Terms
		That form of presentative realism which holds that some qualities of objects are real and as such are perceived immediately, while others are not actually and formally, but only potentially and causally, present in the objects; these latter have no formal existence independent of the perceiving subject.
		In the problem of the universals, it is the doctrine which holds that there are no universal realities outside the mind, but we have universal ideas in the mind, and there is a foundation in the things themselves for these universal ideas; universals are formally in the mind, but fundamentally in the things.
		The doctrine which holds that the reality underlying appearances is totally and forever inconceivable to us; we know only appearances (phenomena) of reality and in them reality is transfigured or altered to such an extent that there is no resemblance between reality and the perceptual knowledge we have of it.
	radicalacademy.com /aipphilglossary3a.htm (735 words)

	burroughs
		Rather, reality is understood to be composed of fictions – consistent semiotic terrains that condition perceptual, affective and behaviorial responses.
		Representative realism severs writing from any active function, surrendering it to the role of reflecting, not intervening in, the world.
		For postmodernists, the distinction between real and unreal is not substantive or is held not to matter, whereas for practitioners of hyperstition, differentiating between ‘degrees of realization’ is crucial.
	www.ccru.net /archive/burroughs.htm (6414 words)

	Logic: Theories of Knowledge
		Critical or representative realism (epistemological dualism) ascribes a critical role to mind in the formulation of knowledge.
		In Santayana, e.g., knowledge of independently real material things is possible through the joint participation of the knower and things known in the senses.
		Realism separates object and knower; idealism holds that all objects belong to some knower; mysticism (intuitionism) holds that the objects and the knower belong to each other; they are one.
	www.theology.edu /logic/logic16.htm (1019 words)

	Perception - Representative Realism
		This view argues that we experience reality indirectly by perceptions that represent the real world.
		In this way, differences of perception which occur due to changes in light conditions, position of viewer, etc., can be easily explained: it is not the object which is changing, only the perception of it.
		Whereas naïve or direct realism is a two part theory (perceiver and perceiver), representative realism has three parts: the perceiver, the perception of the object and the object itself.
	www.philosophyonline.co.uk /tok/perception5.htm (396 words)

	Memory
		Research programmes for representative realism thus seek to clarify the nature of representations in memory, and the various processes in which they are involved.
		Some representative realists (especially before the 1960s) took representations to be immaterial or ontologically ambiguous mental items which are first scanned and then interpreted by a non-physical soul.
		This form of representative realism makes our awareness of the past indirect in an obvious sense, and critics were right to see it as a form of dualism (Woozley 1949; Gibson 1979, p.
	www.seop.leeds.ac.uk /archives/fall2004/entries/memory (11305 words)

	Consider the difference between seeing a photograph of Winston Churchill and seeing the man in the flesh (in the past, ...
		But the ease with which we can ignore the representing means and media when we are fluent speakers or practiced in pictorial conventions should not disguise the philosophical problem Descartes is investigating: how in sense-perception, our representations allow for intelligible experience.
		What represents that intelligible, objectified content is not itself part of it – and if it is intelligible in its own right, it may be only insofar as it is understood as a kind of pointer, an entity exhausted by its representing function.
		But there is really no question for Descartes in his non-meditative, non-skeptical moments that a pain, even a phantom one, does point to some event or state in my body, that is to some external happening that lies in the causal chain.
	humwww.ucsc.edu /NEH/schmitter.htm (8927 words)

	ANIMAL REALISM
		It could also be called Representative Realism, but I avoid calling it so because of the misleading connotations of the term 'representation' suggesting a copy theory.
		Animal Realism is the view that the 'cognitive' building blocks of a conceptual framework are, what have been variously called, 'ideas', 'sensa', 'sense data', 'sensibilia', 'qualia', 'essences', and probably in some uses 'stimuli'.
		physical objects aren't really colored; colors exist only in the perceiver', and that 'to see that he facing surface of a physical object is red and triangular is to mistake a red and triangular sense content for a physical object with a red and triangular facing side.
	www.ditext.com /chrucky/chru-10.html (7645 words)

	MCLA, Massachusetts College of Liberal Arts, North Adams, MA. - Majors & Departments Philosophy
		(Representative Realist): I will be glad to explain: representative realism is the view that the mind does not provide direct access to reality, but rather represents it much as a photograph does.
		This image represents the real, although it is not ‘the real’ in itself.
		You will then at least have an idea that the object in the world outside of you is representing something that is corresponding to the epistemic concepts of more than one person.
	www.mcla.mass.edu /Academics/Majors__Departments/Philosophy/rep.php (957 words)

	Locke and Berkeley
		Representative realism is opposed to naïve realism, the view that the mind literally duplicates or “mirrors” external reality.
		They represent the world as it is “objectively”, the same for everyone.
		They represent nothing about world as it is, but only about the world as it appears to each of us individually and privately.
	instruct.westvalley.edu /lafave/LandB.htm (1046 words)

	Maverick Philosopher The Scientific Objection to Direct Realism: Notes on Butchvarov
		We have been exploring a materialist version of representative realism according to which perceptual consciousness is mediated by material mental representations.
		It is furthermore maintained that some of these states of the brain represent things and states of affairs spatially external to the organism.
		So whether Butch's direct realism is tenable depends on whether his theory of consciousness as directly of or about its objects is defensible.
	maverickphilosopher.powerblogs.com /posts/1148420804.shtml (2152 words)

	Literary Movements (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Once Realism could be denied to some extent, artists began to comment on and play with the way images were created.
		All of this movement away from Realism and towards more playful and experimental forms testifies to the uncertainty artists were feeling about what they did or what they were supposed to do as artists.
		Similarly, the move from Realism to Modernism in literature is the move from what looks and feels real and recognizable to what is unfamiliar and more than a little frightening.
	www.sunynassau.edu /dptpages/english/ashamlit2/myfourthpage.htm (1853 words)

	How you see the world: representative realism
		The basic premise is that if you understand the human machine, you understand better the results it produces; in the same way as understanding cameras helps you take better pictures.
		resentative realism is the technical name for the generally accepted theory of how we gain understanding of the outside world.
		The theory states that we don't see the world directly, but it is rather filtered by our senses and the interpretations we make of that data.
	www.arrod.co.uk /archive/concept_rep_realism.php (344 words)

	EDSITEment - Lesson Plan
		Students may note differences in the palette (the range of colors that are used), the brushstrokes, and the level of ‘realism’ that is present in each painting.
		His work is typical of realism, a movement which began in the 19th century in reaction to Romanticism, an earlier movement which tended to depict fantastical, imagined or idealized subjects.
		By contrast, realism sought to depict the world accurately, or “realistically,” rendering images of every day life, objects and situations, as they were seen—including their imperfections.
	edsitement.neh.gov /view_lesson_plan.asp?id=620 (3013 words)

	Representative Theory of Knowledge: An Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Another evidence for this theory is suggested by Frank Jackson in his article on Representative Realism.
		Although this theory of knowledge introduces an element of subjectivism (and some may say doubt), between the perceiver and the object being perceived, representative theorists do not deny that there is an 'objective reality', and this makes it a form of realism rather than non-realism (or anti-realism).
		Many also believe that this theory of knowledge can be primarily attributed to John Locke (1632-1704), despite the fact that Locke's account of perception is said to be somewhat unclear, and still keenly debated in some scholarly circles.
	www.faithnet.org.uk /Philosophy/representational.htm (365 words)

	Perception
		You won’t be able to justify a claim that they correspond to or resemble or give us information about the real world because you won’t (according to this theory) have any direct contact with the real world to compare your perceptions to.
		The view that “perceptions”; are what we are typically aware of, where perceptions are mental entities of some sort, is sometimes called representative realism: the perceptions we have are thought to represent the real world to us.
		If you accept direct realism, there isn’t a general problem (lots of problems in the details) about how we know the natures of the things we perceive.
	personal.bgsu.edu /~roberth/perception.html (489 words)

	Ralph Dumain: "The Autodidact Project": Roy Wood Sellars: Reflections: Chapter 8 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In my own critical realism, I sought to return to what seemed to me a more adequate analysis of perceiving which stressed both the referential moment in perceiving and the informational use of sensations as leading to factual cognition of objects.
		This was a qualitative realism with a geocentric cosmology and teleological notions of causality.
		The argument is, essentially, that the sentiency we experience in consciousness is the sole sample of reality we have and that, apart from it, reality becomes vacuous.
	www.autodidactproject.org /other/sellarsrefl-8.html (6898 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		My ideas seem to fall into any of three classes: innate adventitious (caused by objects located outside me) fictitious (caused by me) Perhaps all my ideas are from a, or all are from b, or all are from c.
		I (the body that thinks), the pink and the elephant are the actual reality, and the pink-elephant is the representative reality.
		Locke's Representative Realism Representative Realism: the theory that says that we are indirectly aware of physical objects in virtue of being directly aware of our sensory ideas of them The Merit of Representative Realism: Explains why we see blurring things, etc. The blurriness isn't caused by the physical object.
	web.ics.purdue.edu /~jjchen/docs/Phil_notes4.doc (2094 words)

	Michael Huemer - Skepticism and the Veil of Perception - Reviewed by Timothy McGrew, Western Michigan University - ...
		Michael Huemerâs spirited and engaging book has two central theses: that representative realism is tied ineluctably to skepticism, and that direct realism, suitably articulated within an internalist, foundationalist framework, can overcome skeptical challenges in a principled and philosophically satisfying way.
		His stated criticism of indirect realism echoes Mortimer Adlerâs complaint in Ten Philosophical Mistakes: indirect realism confuses the object of awareness â“ that of which one is aware â“ with the vehicle of awareness â“ that by means of which one is aware.
		A representative realist is apt to reply that while awareness of physical objects is intentional and requires mediation, awareness of experience is a relation of acquaintance and does not.
	ndpr.nd.edu /review.cfm?id=1166 (1785 words)

	Dretske and Causal Theory
		When we speak, as we commonly do, of seeing an ordinary object (like a cat), we are, if we speak truly, being caused to experience some catlike image by a real cat (a real cat that we do not directly perceive).
		There is a very good reason to suppose that we perceive the representations themselves, because in the illusory case there is no cat anywhere to be found, and therefore the three-dimensional volumetric colored image that we hallucinate is itself the representation of the cat.
		Now whether you choose to describe this process as "internally representing a cat" or "perceiving an internal representation of a cat", is just a matter of semantics.
	cns-alumni.bu.edu /~slehar/epist/dretske.html (676 words)

	[No title]
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		That is, he argues that anything substantive we know about the world, we must have learned through experience.
		\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f10\insrsid13134195 \loch\af10\dbch\af0\hich\f10 \'d8\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12199978 {\insrsid13134195 Primary qualities are really \'93out there}{\insrsid12199978.\'94 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\f2\insrsid13134195 \hich\af2\dbch\af0\loch\f2 o\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-360\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12199978 {\insrsid13134195 The se include size, shape, moti}{\insrsid12199978 on/rest, number, and structure.
	www.isu.edu /~baerralp/LockeMetaphys.rtf (732 words)

	Logic: The Knowledge Situation
		Theories of knowledge may be clearly delineated with regard to the manner in which the knowledge situation is described.
		Theories of knowledge may be identified as skepticism, subjectivism, objectivism, critical or representative realism, intuitionism, pragmatism, phenomenological existentialism, and recent analytical theories, which are usually varieties of phenomenalism or realism.
		Not in things but the universal possibilities of thought, i.e., universal concepts in terms of which anything is what it is (ante re), i.e., conceived by a mind or soul to be what it is (Plato)
	www.theology.edu /logic/logic14.htm (271 words)

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