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Topic: Reproducibility

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Scientific method

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	Scientists on Science: Reproducibility
		Reproducibility was mentioned by several respondents as a mechanism by which scientific data becomes viewed as less tentative.
		Reproducibility is also an assumed aspect when science is defined in part as being "testable against the empirical world" by the US legal system, as consistently holding up to repeated tests is generally viewed as being a necessary component.
		One aspect of reproducibility that emerged from both the scientists and social scientists was the issue of generalizability.
	arstechnica.com /journals/science.ars/2006/10/25/5744 (1423 words)

	CiteULike: Reproducibility of heart rate measured in the clinic and with 24-hour intermittent recorders. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Reproducibility of heart rate measured in the clinic and with 24-hour intermittent recorders.
		Reproducibility was better for ambulatory than for office measurement, and was greater for 24-hour than for daytime heart rate, and lowest for night-time heart rate.
		Heart rate reproducibility indices were related to the extent of the heart rate and blood pressure white-coat effect, but did not vary according to age, gender, body mass index, day-night blood pressure difference, or alcohol or tobacco use.
	www.citeulike.org /user/abelmagalhaes/article/758131 (371 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Reproducibility
		Reproducibility of cardiopulmonary exercise parameters in patients with valvular heart disease.
		Reproducibility of Borg scale measurements of dyspnea during exercise in patients with COPD.
		Reproducibility of the lactate threshold, 4 mmol * [1.sup.-1] marker, heart rate and ratings of perceived exertion during incremental treadmill exercise.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Reproducibility (817 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Diagnostic accuracy of the neurological upper limb examination I: Inter-rater ...
		This study aimed to address the inter-rater reproducibility of sensibility examined at homonymously innervated territories, of mechanosensitivity of nerves at specific locations, and of the occurrence in patterns of weakness, sensory deviations from normal and focal mechanical allodynia of nerves.
		The reproducibility for most dichotomized data (individual physical parameters and classification of limbs with respect to the presence of any defined pattern) was good and comparable and superior to that of other physical measures in common use, e.g., trigger point palpation [15], tendon reflexes [16] and for the lower limb the Babinski sign [17].
		The reproducibility may be influenced by clinical variables such as the frequency and severity of the studied conditions in the sample.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2377/6/8 (4143 words)

	CiteULike: Reproducibility of ambulatory and clinic blood pressure measurements in elderly hypertensive subjects. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		CiteULike: Reproducibility of ambulatory and clinic blood pressure measurements in elderly hypertensive subjects.
		Reproducibility of ambulatory and clinic blood pressure measurements in elderly hypertensive subjects.
		The mean 24-h ambulatory SBP and DBP reproducibility [assessed by the standard deviation of differences (SDD) between visits] was significantly better than that for mean clinic blood pressure (SBP 6.3 versus 17.4 mmHg, P < 0.001; DBP 4.8 versus 7.0 mmHg, respectively, P < 0.05).
	www.citeulike.org /user/abelmagalhaes/article/758143 (530 words)

	[No title]
		When agencies submit their draft agency guidelines for OMB review, agencies should include a description of the extent to which the reproducibility standard is applicable and reflect consultations with relevant scientific and technical communities that were used in developing guidelines related to applicability of the reproducibility standard to original and supporting data.
		The purpose of the reproducibility standard is to cultivate a consistent agency commitment to transparency about how analytic results are generated: the specific data used, the various assumptions employed, the specific analytic methods applied, and the statistical procedures employed.
		It is understood that reproducibility of data is an indication of transparency about research design and methods and thus a replication exercise (i.e., a new experiment, test, or sample) shall not be required prior to each dissemination.
	www.whitehouse.gov /omb/fedreg/reproducible.html (7557 words)

	Nutrition Journal \| Full text \| Test-retest reproducibility of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and estimated ...
		The level of reproducibility observed for the FFQ used in the NOWAC study is within the range reported for similar instruments, but may attenuate estimates of disease risk.
		Reproducibility, or how consistently FFQ measurements can be repeated on the same subjects, is a useful first estimate of questionnaire performance [6].
		Many FFQ reproducibility studies are undertaken as part of validation studies and tend to be analysed or presented in less detail.
	www.nutritionj.com /content/5/1/4 (5409 words)

	Center News - 5/19/05 - Researchers find improved reproducibility among labs by standardizing
		By identifying potential sources of variability and testing strategies to improve standardization, the researchers were able to dramatically boost the reproducibility of the experiments across labs.
		Reproducibility of experiments that involved different types of microarray chips — even when performed in the same lab — was generally poor, as was the reproducibility of experiments of any kind when compared among different labs.
		After examining all sources of variability, the researchers found they could markedly improve reproducibility among laboratories not only by standardizing the choice of microarray chip, but also by specifying common methods for preparing and processing samples, and for extracting and analyzing the data.
	www.fhcrc.org /about/pubs/center_news/2005/may19/sart3.html?&&printfriendly=yes (1014 words)

	Reproducibility and Repeatability in Ecology - Science - RedOrbit (Site not responding. Last check: )
		It is important to note that a study that is reproducible is not necessarily repeatable: Raw data and analytical methods may be presented without adequate indication of how those data were obtained.
		Finally, and of paramount importance, reproducibility should not be at the expense of the rights of the authors.
		When reproducibility is made an explicit requirement of publication by a journal, with increasing competition for journal space used as leverage, authors must in effect waive all rights of ownership over the data they are required to publish.
	www.redorbit.com /news/science/789547/reproducibility_and_repeatability_in_ecology/index.html?source=r_science (1438 words)

	European Journal of Clinical Nutrition - Abstract of article: Validity and reproducibility of resting metabolic rate ...
		Validity and reproducibility of resting metabolic rate measurements in rural Bangladeshi women: comparison of measurements obtained by Medgem™ and by Deltatrac™ device
		To assess reproducibility and validity of resting metabolic rate (RMR) of Bangladeshi women as measured with the MedGem device and using the Deltatrac metabolic monitor as a reference; and (2) to evaluate the FAO/WHO/UNU basal metabolic rate (BMR)-prediction equations.
		Reproducibility and validity of the MedGem device was poor compared to the Deltatrac reference method.
	www.nature.com /doifinder/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602122 (406 words)

	Comparison Of The Sensitivity, Precision And Reproducibility Of The Multi-test Device And Blood Lancet
		As it is reported (1), the coefficients of variation for allergens were higher than those for histamine, since the natural variability of sensitization to allergens in the study adds up to variability of the testing device.
		The Multi-Test device, highly reproducible, comfortable for patient, easier and quicker to apply, is a suitable device in office procedures, and the cutoff point of 4.5 mm should be chosen in order to avoid false positive reactions.
		Reproducibility of skin prick test results in epidemiologic studies: a comparison of two devices.
	www.ispub.com /ostia/index.php?xmlFilePath=journals/ijd/vol1n1/prick.xml (2076 words)

	FAR Associates: Accuracy or Reproducibility?
		In discussing measurement of dynamic parameters for process control, and specifically temperature, the phrase is often heard "just give me a number; it doesn't have to be accurate, only reproducible". Unfortunately, this sets up the manufacturer for one of the most difficult faults to find and correct, intermittent poor quality.
		The manufacturer is relying on reproducibility, defined as: "the closeness of agreement among repeated measurements under the same operating conditions over time".
		Anything that changes the operating conditions destroys the reproducibility that the manufacturer is relying on.
	www.pyrometry.com /accuracy.php (445 words)

	Should the reproducibility of ambulatory esophageal manometry encourage more universal use of this technology?
		If the study is clinically useful, is reproducible, and can be performed easily with minimal discomfort to the patient, then the test should be considered for more widespread use.
		There are two reports of repeated studies in normal volunteers which show that ambulatory manometry is reproducible [15, 16] Emde studied 24 healthy volunteers on two occasions 1-4 weeks apart and reported marked intraindividual reproducibility for amplitude and duration of contractions as well as for velocity of wave propagation [16].
		In fact, the coefficients of variation for the 10 motility parameters studied was less than for the simultaneous pH studies suggesting that ambulatory manometry is at least as reproducible as pH monitoring.
	www.hon.ch /OESO/free/Vol_5_Eso_Junction/Articles/art072.html (514 words)

	Reproducibility Standard Deviation
		Compute the reproducibility standard deviation of a variable as defined by the ASTM E 691 - 99 standard.
		The reproducibility standard deviation is a core concept defined in the ASTM E 691 - 99 standard.
		Reproducability is the variability between single test results obtained in different laboratories, each of which has applied the test method to test specimens taken at random from a single quantity of homogeneous material.
	www.itl.nist.gov /div898/software/dataplot/refman2/auxillar/reprodsd.htm (289 words)

	Serum Proteomics: Reproducibility and a cautionary tale about experimental protein-based assay (Site not responding. Last check: )
		We show that the method used in previously published studies does not establish reproducibility and performs no better than chance for classifying the second dataset, in part because the second dataset is easy to classify correctly.
		We conclude that the reproducibility of the proteomic profiling approach has yet to be established.
		Although reproducibility is key to the use of mass spectrometry for ion fingerprint analysis, the scientific community has yet to establish a common platform or standardized operating procedures that are necessary for intra- and inter-laboratory comparison.
	www.cprmap.com /serum-proteomics/reproducibility-cautionary-tale-about-experimental-protein-based-assay-12338.html (1782 words)

	HOCKMEYER: HPAS-200 Accuracy, Repeatability, Reproducibility (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Reproducibility refers to the ability to duplicate values of a measurement between different instruments or using different operators, assuming the same procedures are followed.
		In addition, we have stated that reproducibility refers to the ability to duplicate values of a measurement between different instruments or using different operators, assuming the same procedures are followed.
		This number is less important as compared to the reproducibility and repeatibility performance, because these represent a deviation from a norm or set standard which is typically what a paint or ink formulator is looking for.
	www.hockmeyer.com /hpas_solazzo.html (1737 words)

	Reproducibility Random Number Generator Radionic
		To explain why many are getting quite reproducible results is easy:....Obviously the practitioner is consciously or unconsciously making certain observations about the patient and therefore in his testing he should get reproducible results with regard to these observations....
		Naturally it would be easier if things would be reproducible but simply (even unconsciously) to manipulate them so that the results are reproducible or to avoid those methods all together is no option.
		Synchronistic effects are reproducible, but in a statistical sense, usually not two sequential measurements will be the same, but if you take many measurements the overall pattern that emerges is reproducible.....
	www.bioenergeticmedicine.org /CoRe-System/Postings/Reproducibility.htm (2505 words)

	Reproducibility
		Reproducibility of 4D-MSPECT for Quantitative Gated SPECT Sestamibi Perfusion Analysis.
		Objective: The purpose of this study was to measure patient specific reproducibility of quantitative gated SPECT Sestamibi perfusion data acquired on different imaging systems and processed with 4D-MSPECT.
		The slice differences between end diastole and end systole were matched for each pair of studies to avoid operator influence on volumetric determination with MSPECT.
	www-personal.umich.edu /~eficaro/val_reproducibility.htm (325 words)

	Millipore - Technical Library - MultiScreen Filter Plates for PAMPA: Evaluation of the reproducibility of Parallel ...
		The reproducibility and precision of an automation compatible, high throughput method for predicting passive, intestinal absorption was assessed.
		To determine the assay reproducibility from day-to-day, the six drugs were assayed for permeability on six different days, in three different plates per day using 16 wells per plate.
		The PAMPA assay is a robust and reproducible assay for determining passive, transcellular compound permeability.
	www.millipore.com /publications.nsf/docs/an1728en00 (2445 words)

	Reproducibility of detection of tyrosinase and MART-1 transcripts in the peripheral blood of melanoma patients: a ...
		We present a quality control study in which we analysed the reproducibility of detection of tyrosinase and MART-1 transcripts in 106 blood samples from 68 melanoma patients (mainly stages III and IV).
		With this study, we aimed to improve insight in the reproducibility of a RT-PCR for the detection of (minimal) amounts of circulating melanoma cells.
		We conclude that low reproducibility of a repeated assay for the detection of circulating melanoma cells is not caused by differences in mRNA quality between the samples, but due to low numbers of amplifiable target mRNA molecules in the mRNA sample.
	www.nature.com /bjc/journal/v80/n5/abs/6690436a.html (447 words)

	APPENDIX III: ANALYTICAL TERMINOLOGY FOR CODEX USE
		Reproducibility conditions: Conditions where test results are obtained with the same method on identical test items in different laboratories with different operators using different equipment.
		2 Similarly "repeatability [reproducibility] variance" and "repeatability [reproducibility] coefficient of variation" could be defined and used as measures of the dispersion of test results under repeatability [reproducibility] conditions.
		Repeatability [Reproducibility] limit: The value less than or equal to which the absolute difference between two test results obtained under repeatability [reproducibility] conditions may be expected to be with a probability of 95%.
	www.fao.org /docrep/meeting/005/W4873E/w4873e0m.htm (1909 words)

	Health and Quality of Life Outcomes \| Full text \| Reproducibility and responsiveness of the Symptom Severity Scale and ...
		To assess test-retest reproducibility the time-interval needs to be sufficiently short to support the assumption that the condition remains stable, and sufficiently long to prevent recall [6].
		In other words, reproducibility is the extent to which an instrument is free of measurement error.
		Results concerning the test-retest reproducibility of the Symptom Severity Scale are also presented in Table 3.
	www.hqlo.com /content/4/1/87 (4168 words)

	News - Reproducibility Of Responses To Hydrochlorothiazide Variable For Individuals (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Thiazide diuretics are a preferred initial treatment for hypertension, but few studies have addressed the reproducibility of blood pressure responses to these medications, explain investigators.
		Limits of agreement between the first and second treatments ranged from 27.4 to -23.8 mmHg for systolic blood pressure response and from 17.4 to -18.4 mmHg for diastolic blood pressure response.
		Average responses to hydrochlorothiazide are reproducible, the investigators conclude, but there is considerable variability in the responses of individuals.
	www.docguide.com /news/content.nsf/news/8525697700573E1885256C8600222AC2?OpenDocument&c=&count=10&id=F79F0A10A8262633852568C6005EBD19&abd=yes (352 words)

	Six-Minute Walk, Maximal Exercise Tests: Reproducibility in Fibrotic Interstitial Pneumonia American Journal of ...
		We have prospectively quantified the reproducibility of resting and exercise functional data in fibrotic IIP (idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, fibrotic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia) and have evaluated interrelationships between variables.
		Without knowledge of reproducibility, it is difficult to determine, in individual cases, whether an apparent change in severity is significant or merely a reflection of measurement variation.
		The extent of disease on computed tomography was scored as described previously (15, 16); this reproducible method has been applied to a large number of clinical studies of IPF (1).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa4085/is_200505/ai_n13641587 (825 words)

	Reproducibility of internal atrial defibrillation threshold in paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation -- Villani ...
		Reproducibility of internal atrial defibrillation threshold in paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation -- Villani et al.
		of ADFT was reproducible in paroxysmal AF population; in persistent
		Figure 1 Reproducibility of atrial defibrillation threshold in patients with persistent and paroxysmal AF.
	europace.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/6/4/267 (2383 words)

	Reproducibility
		Reproducibility is a critical factor in scientific progress.
		In order for a scientific result to be useful for other scientists, it must be reproducible.
		Reproducibility becomes even more important if a scientific result is to become a technology.
	www.nanoword.net /library/defgen/generate.php?termid=79 (77 words)

	Journal of Vision - On the reproducibility of single photon responses (SPRs): the gordian knot of rod phototransduction ...
		We evaluated theories of reproducibility with Monte-Carlo simulations of SPRs using a detailed stochastic model of the phototransduction cascade.
		However, we show that observed SPR reproducibility can be achieved with models in which R* activity decreases (by sequential phosphorylation) in as few as 6 or 7 stages, concomitant with a graded increase in the probability of R*-quenching by arrestin (Gibson et al., 2000).
		On the origin of reproducibility in the responses of retinal rods to single photons.
	www.journalofvision.org /2/10/113 (426 words)

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