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White-Tailed Deer/Reproductive Success Reproductive potential, the number of fawns which could be produced in a given year, is best measured by counting the number of fetuses present in a sample of ten or more adult (2.5 years of age or older) does. Reproductive attainment, the number of fawns added to a population (i.e.,net recruitment), is measured by estimating the relative success of adult-sized does at rearing fawns. Reproductive attainment or fawn crop was 47% in 1985 and 124% in 1986 at the NFWU. www.noble.org /ag/wildlife/deerfoods/PopulationHealth4.html   (1962 words)

Reproductive Success in Salmonids Specifically, the reproductive success of hatchery-reared steelhead spawned from wild Kalama summer-run broodstock will be compared to that of their wild-reared counterparts by relating microsatellite DNA profiles of naturally produced offspring to those of their prospective hatchery and wild parents. Reproductive success of organisms is thought to be strongly influenced by their available surplus energy and it has been argued that energy content may be a good surrogate measure of fitness. Female reproductive success proved to be strongly related to estimated energy content at the start of the breeding season and was a function of female fecundity and her ability to have her offspring survive egg incubation. www.biology.mcgill.ca /faculty/hendry/abstracts.html   (4532 words)

Factors affecting reproductive success of wood storks (Mycteria americana) in east-central Georgia Average fledging success ranged among years from 0.33 to 2.16 fledglings per nest. For nests that produced fledglings, prey availability was an important factor affecting reproductive success. Factors affecting reproductive success of wood storks (Mycteria americana) in east-central Georgia. www.uga.edu /srel/Reprint/2068.htm   (302 words)

Ecology: Reproductive success of smallmouth bass estimated and evaluated from family-specific DNA fingerprints Field measurement of individual reproductive success beyond early life stages is extremely difficult or impossible for many species due to the inability to identify and subsequently monitor the survival of offspring from a particular mating. Evaluation of reproductive success has been restricted to these early brood-guarding stages, when survival is relatively high, because offspring cannot be monitored once they disperse and mix with offspring from other families. Variables measured to evaluate differences between successful and unsuccessful males included the guardian male fork length, guardian male age, spawning date, number of eggs within a nest, number of fry within a nest, nest depth, and the dominant substrate type both within and surrounding the nest. www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2120/is_n5_v78/ai_19736097   (1410 words)

P2282 Ensuring Reproductive Success of Beef Cattle Reproductive traits are generally thought to be of low heritability, and therefore, hard to influence through selection. Scrotal circumference in yearling bulls is estimated to be 50 percent heritable and is highly correlated to age at puberty in heifers, and potential fertility and serving capacity in bulls. Reproductive tract scores range from 1 to 5, and heifers should have a score of 4 or 5 by the start of breeding. msucares.com /pubs/publications/p2282.htm   (2825 words)

Long-Term Exposure to Environmental Concentrations of the Pharmaceutical Ethynylestradiol Causes Reproductive Failure ...   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20) The total reproductive success at 14 hpf was therefore the total number of viable embryos surviving to this stage. The temporal disassociation between the impact of estrogen exposure on reproductive success and the vitellogenic response also clearly shows that the perturbations to reproductive physiology that ultimately cause reproductive failure are probably not directly linked or at least not a direct consequence of the stimulation of vitellogenin. Reproductive success and behavior of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) exposed to 4-tert-octylphenol. ehp.niehs.nih.gov /members/2004/7209/7209.html   (8632 words)

Castanea: Reproductive Success of the Federally Endangered Leafy Prairie Clover, Dalea foliosa (A. Gray) Barneby ... In a previous publication (Molano-Flores 2001), preliminary results of a two-year reproductive success study on the population of D. foliosa found at MNTP were presented. To determine reproductive success of Dalea foliosa between 1998-2000, 20 inflorescences (one from each of 20 individuals) were randomly selected and tagged at the beginning of flowering head development. To determine differences between years for reproductive success, infructescence length and biomass, number of branches, and number of inflorescences, a One-Way ANOVA was used followed by a Tukey test. www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa4060/is_200403/ai_n9391568   (1299 words)

The Jones Institute for Reproductive Medicine - Success Rates Success rates vary depending upon many factors including the causes of infertility, the adequacy of ovarian reserve, and the number, maturity, and quality of eggs retrieved. Other factors influencing outcome are the success or failure of fertilization and cleavage in vitro, the number of embryos transferred and cryopreserved, and the adequacy of the luteal phase after transfer. While the chance for success on a second or third try are no higher (or lower) than on a first try, simply repeating the effort over time leads to a higher cumulative pregnancy rate. www.jonesinstitute.org /success_ivf_rates.html   (1100 words)

The Center for Reproductive Health :: Infertility and Reproductive Specialists :: Success Rates Refusal to treat unfavorable cases such as women over 40 years or with other special factors, as described earlier, obviously helps to keep overall success rates up, but we make no such restriction (provided the outlook is reasonable) although of course advising couples accordingly of their reduced chance of success. American Society for Reproductive Medicine Practice Committee Report and Guidelines for ART Programs: comparison of clinic success rates may not be meaningful because patient medical characteristics and treatment approaches vary from clinic to clinic. Prior success rates should not be construed as an indication of the likelihood of success in an individual case. www.reproductivehealthctr.com /successrates.htm   (628 words)

Conservation Endocrinology - National Zoo| FONZ Hormones are fundamental to regulating reproductive success and animal health and well-being. The ability to measure reproductive and stress hormone patterns can help determine reproductive status throughout life, physical fitness and physiological responses to change, ranging from the impact of human disturbance to the ability to adapt to a new environment (e.g., reintroduction from captivity into the wild). Hormone measures are providing important information on reproductive status, but it now is also possible to study the impact of human disturbance or environmental disrupters on animal well being (i.e., forestry practices, agriculture, pollutants, toxicants). nationalzoo.si.edu /ConservationAndScience/ReproductiveScience/ConsEndocrinology/default.cfm   (683 words)

Chimpanzee Reproductive Success There is debate over the extent to which the effects of rank on reproductive success are due to better access to food for high-ranking individuals or to protection from stress that results from aggression toward individuals at the bottom of the hierarchy (7, 8). Daily observations are made of the presence, reproductive state, and social interactions of individuals at the feeding station and, since 1975, during daily all-day follows of individuals throughout their range (10). All females were assumed to be uniformly successful at reproduction, because "all females breed." And social evolution was thought to proceed mainly by sexual selection, in which female-female relationships played a small part. www.unl.edu /rhames/chimprs/chimprs.htm   (4143 words)

CDC | Reproductive Health | Assisted Reproductive Technology Reports   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20) The 2001 report of pregnancy success rates is the seventh report to be issued under the Fertility Clinic Success Rate and Certification Act. The report also includes individual clinic tables that provide ART success rates and other information from each clinic that submitted and verified its 2001 data and appendixes containing the results of data validation visits, technical notes, a glossary of terms, and contact information for reporting and nonreporting clinics in the United States. Pregnancies associated with assisted reproductive technology (ART) and drugs that induce ovulation are more likely to result in multiple births than spontaneously conceived pregnancies in the United States. www.thehormoneshop.com /reproductivehealth/art.htm   (1060 words)

Linking Genotoxic Responses and Reproductive Success in Ecotoxicology Recent research to evaluate relationships between genotoxic responses and indicators of reproductive success in model animals is described from an ecotoxicological perspective. Genotoxicity can be correlated with reproductive effects such as gamete loss due to cell death; embryonic mortality; and heritable mutations in a range of model animals including polychaete worms, nematodes, sea urchins, amphibians, and fish. Traits that relate to the fitness of an individual as it concerns reproductive success can be numerous, and the complex interrelationships between these traits and genotoxic responses remain almost totally unexplored. ehp.niehs.nih.gov /members/1994/Suppl-12/9-12anderson/anderson-full.html   (3371 words)

Wiley Anatomy Web Site - American Journal of Human Biology-Strategies for Reproductive Success   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20) Reproductive success is the principal criterion for deciding Darwinian fitness or, as succintly defined by Strassman and Gillespie in this issue, an individual's genetic contribution to future generations. The importance of the topic stems from its centrality to evolutionary process, its multidisciplinary nature, and the recent methodological advances permitting a deeper understanding of how reproductive success stands at the crossroads of anthropology, biology, demography, ecology, endocrinology, genetics, physiology, and primatology. Overall, it is hoped that the assembled articles will help to launch a new generation of studies concerning the strategies for reproductive success and the continued development of young investigators interested in the interdisciplinary field of human biology. www.wiley.com /legacy/products/subject/life/anatomy/ajhb_reproduction.html   (245 words)

Ecology: Conspecific reproductive success and breeding habitat selection: implications for the study of coloniality Current reproductive success of conspecifics may thus be a reliable cue for predicting the reproductive success that can be expected on a given patch in the next breeding season (Chabrzyk and Coulson 1976, Burger 1982, Shields et al. Theoretical investigations of the hypothesis that individuals use the reproductive success of conspecifics for breeding patch selection (hereafter referred to as the "performance-based conspecific attraction hypothesis") have led to testable assumptions and predictions (Boulinier and Danchin 1997). In particular, comparing the fitness of random settling strategies and strategies based on patch reproductive success, it was shown that a key assumption for such a habitat selection mechanism to be selected is that the environment is patchy and predictable at the scale considered. www.findarticles.com /cf_dls/m2120/n7_v79/21231386/p1/article.jhtml   (1176 words)

Chapitre 3 The importance of the queen's body size on reproductive success in bumblebee field colonies. The higher success of larger queens is, at least in part, attributable to the production of larger colonies and, in some species, to the ability to prevent usurpations by Psithyrus (a parasitic subgenus of bumblebees). The higher success of larger queens was not related to the date of nest establishment or to usurpations by other Bombus queens, based on data from naturally established colonies. In the general linear models, we transformed the values of reproductive successes and maximal colony sizes by the square-root to comply with assumptions of homoscedasticity. www.theses.ulaval.ca /2003/21026/ch03.html   (4765 words)

Department of Energy Information Bridge - full-text scientific and technical reports (gray literature) We also discovered that the reproductive status of females and the social status of males were often reflected by their nuptial coloration. The percentage of time that a male possessed a dark color pattern was positively linked to his reproductive success, as was the percentage of time he was observed courting or defending a female. The number of times a male was chased or attacked by a female also affected his reproductive success, in this situation the greater the frequency of such attacks the lower the reproductive success of the male. www.osti.gov /bridge/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=823015   (672 words)

Ecology: The effect of age on timing of breeding and reproductive success in the Thick-Billed Murre.@ HighBeam Research   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20) Ecology; 7/1/1996; Gaston, Anthony J. A seasonal decline in reproductive success is common to many birds breeding in seasonal environments. We examined the reproductive success of Thick-billed Murres breeding at Coats Island, Northwest Territories, Canada to assess the extent to which a seasonal decline in success could be accounted for by correlations between the age of the birds and their date of laying. In 1990 and 1991 reproductive success declined with date of laying: this decline was due mainly to a decline in the proportion of eggs that hatched. www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:18601058&refid=holomed_1   (208 words)

Red-Legged Kittiwakes Although it is unclear what factors are responsible for the troubled status of the red-legged kittiwake, a "regime shift" towards warmer climatic conditions in the Bering Sea in the late 1970s was coincident with, and may be causally linked to, the onset of reproductive failures and population declines of kittiwakes on St. George Island. Kittiwakes bred earlier and had higher reproductive success in years with cold winter weather and heavy sea ice conditions in the Bering Sea, and also did better in years with dryer, calmer springs. The cold pool is known to affect oceanographic conditions and the distribution of fishes in the southeastern Bering Sea and, thus, may affect the reproductive performance of kittiwakes on St. George Island by affecting the abundance or distribution of their food. www.cgc.uaf.edu /Newsletter/gg5_1/kittiwakes.html   (442 words)

Chapter Four of The Hedonistic Imperative In a post-ageing world, reproduction may well be rare - and get progressively rarer as the carrying capacity of the earth [and ultimately the galaxy?] is reached. Just because successful and intelligent life-forms will be able to underwrite their own happiness, why assume that they'll care about others? According to rank theory, the far greater incidence of the internalised correlate of the "losing" [behavioral] sub-routine, depression, compared to the "winning" sub-routine, euphoric (hypo)mania, attests to the terrible price that social animals have paid for the advantages of group living. hedweb.com /object27.htm   (1524 words)

Monarchs in the Classroom Biologists usually define the fitness of an individual organism in terms of its reproductive success, or the number of surviving offspring it produces. Reproductive effort includes both effort invested in offspring themselves (parental effort), and effort invested in obtaining a mate (mating effort). We might expect that females should mate just enough times to fertilize all of their eggs, since reproductive success is not usually determined by the number of times a female mates. www.monarchlab.umn.edu /research/Rep/factors.html   (1387 words)

Vulnerability and determinants of reproductive success in the narrow endemic Antirrhinum microphyllum ... Vulnerability and determinants of reproductive success in the narrow endemic Antirrhinum microphyllum (Scrophulariaceae) -- Torres et al. Vulnerability and determinants of reproductive success in the narrow endemic Antirrhinum microphyllum (Scrophulariaceae) 2. Path diagram for the determinants of reproductive success in Antirrhinum microphyllum in Entrepeñas (a) and Bolarque (b) populations. www.amjbot.org /cgi/content/full/89/7/1171   (5007 words)

Primogeniture, Monogamy, and Reproductive Success in a Stratified Society We model a simple stratified society and define the reproductive values of the male and female nobility relative to that of commoners. We then explore implications of the hypothesis that preferences have evolved to favor maximization of reproductive value. Ted Bergstrom, "Primogeniture, Monogamy, and Reproductive Success in a Stratified Society" (October 3, 1994). repositories.cdlib.org /ucsbecon/bergstrom/1994B   (149 words)

UConn Advanced Reproductive Services Success in Reducing Incidence of Triplets This is according to the most recent report from the Society of Assisted Reproductive Technologies (SART), the agency that reports in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes for the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). “We are proud of our success in keeping the percentage of pregnancies with triplets low, and will continue our efforts to ensure healthy mothers and babies,” he added. This is an important measure of success, because singleton live births have a much lower risk than multiple-infant births for adverse infant health outcomes, including pre-maturity, low birth weight, disability and death. www.uchc.edu /ocomm/newsreleases04/feb04/triplets.html   (490 words)

WHOI - Reproductive Success Program   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20) Assisted reproduction aims to increase the chance of pregnancy by bringing the sperm and egg closer together to increase the chance of fertilization. The first successful IVF procedure (i.e., produced a live birth) was performed in 1981. Reproductive Partners Medical Group, Inc. offers a special IVF Success program for patients using in vitro fertilization. www.hoinews.com /news/features/4/694534.html   (677 words)

Effects of petroleum on mink applied as a model for reproductive success in sea otters -- Mazet et al. 37 (4): 686 -- ... However, only 2.3 and 0.7 kits were produced per female for those exposed through the diet to crude oil and bunker C fuel oil, respectively. Females with reduced reproductive success had no clinical signs of toxicosis or behavioral abnormalities. Once mature, kits born to females exposed to bunker C fuel oil in the diet had significantly reduced reproductive success (3.4 kits/female) although their only exposure to the petroleum products was in utero or during nursing. www.jwildlifedis.org /cgi/content/abstract/37/4/686   (349 words)

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