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Topic: Reproductive technologies

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	Reproductive Technologies
		They also argue that the use of such technologies entrenches the mindset by which human manipulation of the natural environment is accepted, justifying environmental degradation and maintaining the incorrect assumption that humans are not interrelated with nature.
		She argues that there is no general right to reproductive technology because it is not available to all people, because access to it is not ensured by contract, and because reproduction is not a basic element of survival.
		Other arguments include a description of the many risks of reproductive technology for the woman and her child, a description of how it hurts women as a gender because it stigmatizes women who can't bear children.
	www-rcf.usc.edu /~orenstei/ecofem/reproduction.html (965 words)

	BCCLA Position Paper: On reproductive technologies, 1996
		While the report considers the impact of these technologies on many different groups, it emphasises the impact of these technologies on women, because women’s lives are more intimately involved in reproduction than are men’s, and their reproductive capacities profoundly affect attitudes towards women’s role in society as a whole.
		First, though it raises objections to some aspects of the new technology on the ground that it will reinforce the tendency to equate women with their reproductive capacities, the report itself inadvertently supports this equation by arguing that women’s dignity depends upon the dignity accorded the reproductive process itself.
		First, and one for which we commend the Commission, is its forceful recommendation that the technology should be available equally to hetero and homosexuals, to married and unmarried women and to the normal and the physically disabled, and to its objection to any standard of fitness being requisite for access to artificial insemination.
	www.bccla.org /positions/privateoff/96repro.html (4893 words)

	Sedlenieks, Klavs: New reproductive technologies: Towards assisted gender relations - AnthroBase
		Reproduction occupied a significant place in the feminist discourse as one of the most important fields of the subordination of women in patriarchal societies (Franklin 1995: 323).
		If the old reproductive technologies were the source of subordination of women, the new ones were treated by the latter division of feminists accordingly: as new technologies for the creation of gender inequalities.
		The new reproductive technologies have provoked society to redraw popular understanding of what is in the very grounds of their society: of what is the family, what is kinship, gender and what it means to be a mother or father.
	www.anthrobase.com /Txt/S/Sedlenieks_K_02.htm (5947 words)

	Reason: Breeder reactionaries - reproductive technologies
		The main appeal of reproductive technologies is that they give people more choices and more flexibility in a domain previously ruled by biological chance and limits.
		Such fundamental change inevitably inspires champions and detractors and, in the cacophony surrounding the new reproductive technologies, you would think feminists would be among the staunchest advocates for freeing a woman's body from the restrictions of nature.
		Second, the legal grounds on which the new reproductive technologies will be implemented stand on notions of individual rights, enlightened self-interest, and contract law--all of which radical feminists see as extensions of an inherently exploitive capitalist system.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1568/is_n7_v26/ai_16456862 (1332 words)

	CBC News Indepth: GENETICS AND REPRODUCTION
		It is a result of the Royal Commission on Reproductive Technologies and is Canada's fourth attempt to create a law to govern reproductive technologies.
		Bill C-47, the Human Reproductive and Genetic Technologies Act, was introduced in the House of Commons on June 14, 1996.
		RGTs also include newer technologies such as those that could manipulate genetic material, thereby determining characteristics of a child before the child is born, or even conceived.
	www.cbc.ca /news/background/genetics_reproduction/rgtech.html (1067 words)

	AAMC Reporter - Reproductive technologies: Advancing Science or "Playing God"
		In response to the public's concern about where such reproductive technologies might lead, a research institute was created two years ago to examine the many issues resulting from the translation of recent advances in genetics into medicine.
		Americans indicate support for using reproductive genetic technologies to prevent disease but are uncomfortable with using these technologies to select socially desirable traits such as eye color, intelligence, or height.
		Despite issues of equity and the fear that scientists might be overstepping their boundaries, proponents of reproductive genetic testing and research have raised a number of ethical arguments in favor of such practices.
	www.aamc.org /newsroom/reporter/may04/advscience.htm (1667 words)

	CoE Pamphlet Series: Infertility and Innovations in Reproductive Health Technologies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		The HMS CoE hospitals provide reproductive endocrinology and infertility services for a wide variety of reproductive problems, including the diagnosis and treatment of infertility, recurrent miscarriage, congenital and hormonal abnormalities related to reproductive function, and the abnormal absence of menstrual periods.
		Sarah L. Berga, MD, professor of obstetrics, gynecology and reproductive sciences and psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and member of the CoE Research Team, is the director of the Division of Reproduction Endocrinology and Infertility (REI).
		The Reproductive Endocrinology Division of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology is dedicated to performing research related to reproductive health with the goal of improving current knowledge and treatments of infertility and other reproductive health problems.
	www.4women.gov /COE/pubs/pamphlets/Infertility.htm (5045 words)

	Reproductive Technologies and Conservation of Endangered Cats - National Zoo\| FONZ
		It may involve developing new technologies to rescue the sperm or eggs from the tissues of valuable animals that die unexpectedly.
		It may include developing new technologies and methods for cryopreserving sperm, eggs and tissues that one day—generations from now—can be used to create life.
		Scientists in the Zoo's Department of Reproductive Sciences are pioneers in felid biology, including using cutting-edge technologies to protect and preserve genetic diversity.
	nationalzoo.si.edu /ConservationAndScience/ReproductiveScience/ConsEndangeredCats (705 words)

	Reproductive Health Technologies Project
		The Reproductive Health Technologies Project brings together leaders from a wide range of constituencies and disciplines for the purpose of dialogue and consensus building on issues of reproductive health.
		The mission of the Reproductive Health Technologies Project is to advance the right of every woman to achieve full reproductive freedom through increased information and access to a wide range of safe and effective means for controlling fertility and protecting her health.
		Reproduction in whole or in part without permission is prohibited.
	www.ripnroll.com /reproductivehealth.htm (148 words)

	The Assisted Reproductive Technologies Program
		The physicians at GRS apply the latest technologies and procedures, including ovarian reserve screening and sperm chromatin structural assay to thoroughly diagnose each patient.
		Recent advances such as blastocyst culture and transfer and micro-surgical sperm aspiration, among others, are enabling us to achieve higher pregnancy success rates, lower multiple pregnancy rates and even enable men with no sperm in their ejaculate to father children.
		The laboratory scientists at Georgia Reproductive Specialists, including embryology pioneer Michael Tucker, Ph.D., are experts in ART techniques and have helped thousands of infertile couples achieve their dream of conceiving a child.
	www.ivf.com /art.html (285 words)

	Executive Summary of the Task Force on Life and the Law
		As noncoital reproduction moves away from the model of a married couple using their own gametes, many of the similarities to coital reproduction within marriage begin to disappear.
		The provision of assisted reproduction to women in their fifties and older should be approached with extreme caution, in light of the risks to both the woman and the best interests of any resulting offspring.
		Whether assisted reproduction should be covered as a standard health insurance benefit should be determined in light of the same factors that apply to other forms of medical treatment, such as effectiveness, cost, the degree of suffering associated with the particular condition, and the availability of alternative measures to relieve that suffering.
	www.health.state.ny.us /nysdoh/taskfce/execsum.htm (8611 words)

	In Vitro Fertilization and Assisted Reproductive Technologies - A Significant Role for the Clinical Laboratory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		These technologies range from fertilization of retrieved eggs in vitro and placement of the fertilized eggs directly into the uterine cavity to direct injection of a single sperm into the cytoplasm of an oocyte to achieve direct fertilization in vitro.
		Considering how fast advances have been made in reproductive technology in the past ten years, it is interesting to speculate what the next ten years will bring.
		The responsibility for judicious use of this technology currently lies in the hands of the reproductive endocrinologists who, with their patients, make the important decisions to create life.
	www.aacc.org /cln/features/99features/nov99feat.html (1623 words)

	Feminists Against Women: The New Reproductive Technologies, Part One
		The prospect of such a reproduction revolution has sparked a hue and cry across Europe, similar to that last heard when the villagers stormed Castle Frankenstein: 'there are things man is not meant to know, and science not meant to do!' Certainly, many important ethical questions surround the NRTs.
		Or flip through Gena Corea's essay "The New Reproductive Technologies", in which she baldly states, "The new reproductive technologies represent an escalation of violence against women, a violence camouflaged behind medical terms." Of embryo flushing, which is a key procedure of artificial insemination, she states, "That's done in cows."
		In this jumble of conflict, there are loud and coherent voices for reproductive liberty, in particular that of John Robertson, professor of law at the University of Texas, who argues that the right to reproduce is grounded in the U.S. Constitution's Fourteenth Amendment guaranteeing the right to privacy.
	www.zetetics.com /mac/reason.htm (2350 words)

	Guide to Infertility Options Through Assisted Reproductive Technologies
		Speak to a reproductive attorney to determine the status of surrogacy and egg donation in your state.
		Ensure that your surrogate or egg donor is represented by competent, independent legal counsel, who must issue a legal clearance letter, indicating that the surrogate (and her husband if she is married) understands and appreciates the issues set forth in the contract, is proceeding with the arrangement volitionally and without any coercion or undue influence.
		As a result, the technologies are discussed with an eye towards coordinating with a surrogate mother and/or egg donor in order to achieve a pregnancy.
	www.inciid.org /article.php?cat=immunology&id=47 (4287 words)

	Bioethics & Science \| U.S. Residents 'Hopeful, Fearful' About Reproductive Genetic Technologies, Survey Says - ...
		Two-thirds of respondents approve of using reproductive genetic testing to aid couples in delivering an infant "free of a serious genetic disease," while more than 70% of respondents disapprove of using technologies to identify or select traits, such as strength or intelligence.
		The perceived "greatest benefits" of the technologies are the ability to eliminate certain genetic diseases (41%) and to improve women's chances for delivering a healthy infant (27%).
		In addition, public knowledge about reproductive technologies is "not keeping pace with the steep growth in genetic science," according to the report.
	www.kaisernetwork.org /daily_reports/rep_index.cfm?DR_ID=15055 (493 words)

	Pennsylvania Infertility Clinic - Male and Female Infertility Treatment including IVF and ICSI Treatments and Procedures
		The Reproductive Science Institute was established in 1991 in Suburban Philadelphia and has expanded to Reading, Pennsylvania, providing comprehensive services in both male and female infertility and reproductive gynecological treatments.
		Our board certified reproductive endocrinologists are well versed in all aspects of infertility including the treatment of tubal obstructions, endometriosis, uterine abnormalities and other reproductive organ disorders which may require surgical repair.
		Our board certified reproductive endocrinologists are well versed in all aspects of infertility including the treatment of frequent miscarriages, tubal obstructions, endometriosis, uterine abnormalities and other reproductive organ disorders which may require surgical repair.
	www.rsiinfertility.com (750 words)

	Welcome to the Genetics & Public Policy Center (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		A major goal of the Genetics and Public Policy Center's reproductive genetics initiative is to develop a robust set of policy options to guide policymakers in considering the development and use of reproductive genetic technologies.
		The Report addressed the newest reproductive genetic testing option, preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), which is used currently by families seeking to have a child free from a specific inherited genetic disease or, less often, to have a child with specific genetic characteristics, such as a tissue type that matches that of an ailing sibling.
		Finally, the Center is working on a comprehensive report detailing the current debate over reproductive and research cloning on the federal, state and international level, also set for release in 2005.
	www.dnapolicy.org /policy (791 words)

	Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science - Mount Sinai School of Medicine
		Today, as Reproductive Medicine Associates of New York, LLP, thanks to promising new options in the treatment of infertility, our specialists are able to help even more patients realize their dreams of parenthood.
		The Division of Reproductive Endocrinology is currently performing research on factors such as environmental exposures and aging that interfere with fertility.
		Studies have focused on mechanisms of differentiation during preimplantation development, and on the development of new technologies that might be used in the future to perform both diagnosis and gene therapy on preimplantation embryos.
	www.mssm.edu /ivf (360 words)

	Religion and Reproductive Technologies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Indeed, since the birth in 1978 of Louise Brown, the world’s first test-tube baby, new reproductive technologies to overcome infertility have spread around the globe, reaching countries far from the technology-producing nations of the West.
		As currently practiced in Sunni-majority Muslim countries such as Egypt, in vitro fertilization is allowed, as long as it entails the union of ova from the wife with the sperm of her husband and the transfer of the resulting embryo(s) back to the uterus of the same wife.
		Indeed, new reproductive technologies have brought great joy to thousands of infertile Muslim couples who have borne test-tube babies over the last 20 years since these technologies were first introduced in the Sunni Muslim world.
	www.aaanet.org /press/an/0502Inhorn.htm (1458 words)

	Human Reproductive Technologies: Products, Markets and Manufacturers - Market Research Report
		Technologies and products to both enable and prevent pregnancy represent a small but dynamic component of the worldwide healthcare market.
		As assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) to enhance fertility continue to evolve, as success rates improve and as education about these technologies becomes more widespread, an increasing number of couples will seek medical evaluation and treatment for infertility.
		This report provides technology and usage trends, markets and forecasts, and manufacturer profiles and pipelines for the following areas of reproductive technology namely, fertility enhancement (pharmaceuticals and procedures); contraception and abortion (prescription pharmaceuticals and devices); and reproduction-related diagnostics, in particular, fertility status and monitoring diagnostics.
	www.mindbranch.com /products/R2-572.html (326 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		If it were ever permitted, the reproductive cloning of adults would blur the line of parent and child.
		Vulnerable people, such as infertile couples desperate to have a child, or low-income women who may donate eggs or be a surrogate mother out of financial need, are at risk of exploitation through reproductive technologies.
		In 1993, the Royal Commission on New Reproductive Technologies called for immediate intervention and concerted leadership at the national level to control the development and use of reproductive technologies.
	www.evangelicalfellowship.ca /social/issue_viewer.asp?Issue_Summary_ID=26 (875 words)

	ASRM: Frequently Asked Questions About Infertility
		Infertility is NOT an inconvenience; it is a disease of the reproductive system that impairs the body's ability to perform the basic function of reproduction.
		A: Infertility is a disease of the reproductive system that impairs one of the body's most basic functions: the conception of children.
		While IVF and other assisted reproductive technologies are not inexpensive, they account for only three hundredths of one percent (0.03%) of U.S. health care costs.
	www.asrm.org /Patients/faqs.html (1104 words)

	IVF, in vitro fertilization, article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		The prevalence of antibodies jumps dramatically in men who have had surgery on their reproductive tract: nearly 70% of men who have undergone a vasectomy reversal will have antibodies present on their sperm.
		Women have a much lower chance for developing antibodies to sperm: less than 5% of infertile women can be shown to have antisperm antibodies, and it is unclear who is at risk for their formation.
		Although this is a controversial subject, one of the largest studies that looked for these antibodies in women undergoing in vitro fertilization found that these antibodies were no more likely to be detected in those who did not become pregnant as in women who did conceive.
	www.fertilitynetwork.com /articles/articles-ivf.htm (1704 words)

	IVF.org - Center for Reproductive Medicine and Infertility, New York, NY
		IVF.org - Center for Reproductive Medicine and Infertility, New York, NY he desire to have a baby is one of life's most important and exciting decisions.
		Here at CRMI - The Center for Reproductive Medicine and Infertility - we help make that dream a reality for thousands of couples every year.
		We are proud to be affiliated with the New York Presbyterian Hospital -Weill Medical College of Cornell University, world-renowned for its commitment to the highest academic and scientific standards in patient care and biomedical research.
	www.ivf.org (197 words)

	Amazon.ca: Books: Reproductive Technologies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		One of its four topics simply attempts to define the "information highway." The others explain how to develop it, whether it's good or bad for society, and whether and how to regulate it.
		Reproductive Technologies has no difficulty finding controversies to address, including surrogate motherhood, creating pregnancy in post-menopausal women, genetic testing, and regulation of the reproductive technology industry.
		But readers will not have an easy time wading through these arguments, which range from warm, fuzzy personal accounts to shrill, feminist horror stories to dry, clinical arguments full of abbreviations and double negatives.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/1565103769 (352 words)

	Reproductive Health Technologies Project
		The mission of the Reproductive Health Technologies Project (RHTP) is to advance the ability of every woman to achieve full reproductive freedom with access to the safest, most effective, and preferred methods for controlling her fertility and protecting her health.
		RHTP Launches Webpage on The Role of the Cervix in Reproductive Health
		RHTP Urges the FDA to Heed Scientific Evidence and Approve Plan B for OTC Use.
	rhtp.org (94 words)

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