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Topic: Republic of Biafra

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	AllRefer.com - Biafra, Republic of, Africa History (African History) - Encyclopedia
		Biafra, Republic of, secessionist state of W Africa, in existence from May 30, 1967, to Jan. 15, 1970.
		At the outset Biafra comprised, roughly, the East-Central, South-Eastern, and Rivers states of the Federation of Nigeria, where the Igbo people predominated.
		Biafra's original capital was Enugu; Aba, Umuahia, and Owerri served successively as provisional capitals after Enugu was captured (Oct., 1967) by Nigerian forces.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/B/Biafra-R.html (434 words)

	Biafra, Republic of on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		Biafra's original capital was Enugu ; Aba, Umuahia, and Owerri served successively as provisional capitals after Enugu was captured (Oct., 1967) by Nigerian forces.
		Biafra Foundation Statement on The Killing Of Christian Biafrans In Nigeria.
		Remembering the nightmare of Biafra: E.H. Johnson was at the centre of saving lives in Biafra 35 years ago.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/B/Biafra-R1.asp (530 words)

	Biafra - free-definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		Nigerian troops soon recovered however, advancing into Biafra, and forcing the repeated transfer of the Biafran capital from Enugu to Aba and then Umuahia by the end of the year, and to Owerri in 1969.
		Biafra's national anthem used the Finlandia tune by Jean Sibelius.
		Nigeria later renamed the Bight of Biafra as the Bight of Bonny.
	www.free-definition.com /Biafra.html (378 words)

	Biafra (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		The Republic of Biafra was a short-lived secessionist state in southeastern Nigeria.
		It was recognised by a small number of countries during its existence, including South Africa, however that country's supportof apartheid discouraged wider recognition by other African nations that mightotherwise have been sympathetic to the Biafran cause.
		Nigerian troopssoon recovered however, advancing into Biafra, and forcing the repeated transfer of the Biafran capital from Enugu to Aba and then Umuahia by the end of the year, and to Owerri in 1969.
	www.therfcc.org /biafra-59561.html (364 words)

	Introducing the Republic of Biafra - Nigerian-Biafran Civil War, 1967-1970
		Archaeological evidence reveals that Biafra has been under continuous human occupation for at least 3,000 years and, as is now being discovered, that her people developed an ancient civilisation a thousand years ago, that is about half a millennium before the emergence of the Kingdom of Benin.
		Biafra is making even greater efforts to educate her people and to provide them with the knowledge and skills for survival in this age of technology.
		Biafra has now resolutely joined in the committee of nations as a sovereign country which Biafrans see as their only salvation if they are to survive as a people.
	www.africaresource.com /war/vol2.2/biafra/republic.htm (7697 words)

	MSN Encarta - Multimedia - Republic of Biafra
		The Biafran civil war was precipitated by an attempt by the Nigerian government to lessen the political power of certain Nigerian ethnic groups by dividing the country’s 4 existing regions into 12 states.
		The former Eastern Region declared itself independent in May 1967 as the Republic of Biafra, left, and the civil war ensued.
		By January 1970 the Biafran forces controlled only a small portion of Biafra, right, and surrendered.
	encarta.msn.com /media_461551017/Republic_of_Biafra.html (78 words)

	USAfricaonline - Voices of Dissent: Nwankwo & Fawehinmi
		Therefore, some of the conditions that led to the declaration of the republic of Biafra exist latently.
		Biafra was equally a question demanding what form of government Nigeria should have.
		Biafra was a sacrifice, an effort for the rights and privileges of any Nigerian citizen.
	www.usafricaonline.com /BiafraWar.html (384 words)

	Jello Biafra for President
		Biafra now realizes he is not a poet so much as an anti-pundit/commentator; breaking new ground in the increasingly important medium of infotainment.
		Biafra gives this mentality a name, "punk fundamentalism", pointing out how similar the born-again hardliners are to their cousins, the religious right.
		Included is an unusually more personal track on how Biafra and his angle on the world evolved ("Eric Meets the Moose Diarrhea Salesman") and he moves beyond the complaining stage with some serious and satirical solutions to the problems that he brings to light.
	www.angelfire.com /punk/jello2000/bio.html (3529 words)

	Nigeriaworld Feature Article - Ndigbo, Ojukwu & Biafra: Where did we go wrong (Part II)
		A new republic of Biafra was declared and things were never the same again for Ndigbo.
		Before the events leading to the declaration of Republic of Biafra, there were certain presuppositions, which were construed as indisputable facts, through scorch-earth propaganda bombardment.
		You were given the mandate to declare free sovereign state of Biafra on May 27 and on May 30th you went ahead to declare Republic of Biafra.
	nigeriaworld.com /articles/2003/aug/253.html (10157 words)

	Biafra Foundation Statement on The Killing Of Christian Biafrans In Nigeria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		In the city of Enugu in occupied Biafra, agents of the federal government of Nigeria and the government of Enugu State allegedly killed 14 people at the Catholic Adoration Center at GTC Enugu, where they had gone to worship.
		The Biafra Foundation condemns in the strongest terms this latest act of sacrilege and savagery toward peace-loving Biafrans by the Nigerian government that holds a record of pogroms and other brutalities against Biafrans, most especially Igbo people.
		The Biafra Foundation asks leaders of the free world and Christian churches to hold the Nigerian government responsible for the callous murder of the fourteen Christian worshippers in Enugu.
	www.nigerdeltacongress.com /barticles/biafra_foundation_statement_on_t.htm (446 words)

	ICSN - History/Artifacts - The Biafran War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		On May 30, Ojukwu proclaimed the secession of the Eastern Region and the formation of the Republic of Biafra.
		Troubled by the prospect of Nigeria's imminent war with Biafra, Only three African nations recognised Biafra as a republic whereas Nigeria gained support from Britain, the United States, and the Soviet Union.
		It has been estimated that in the former Biafra the number of dead, from hostilities, disease and starvation during the 13 months of civil war was between 1 to 3 million.
	www.igbocsn.com /biafra.htm (888 words)

	biafra (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		Ojukuwu proclaimed independance of the eastern region as the Republic of Biafra.
		Ojukuwu and continued until Biafra surrendered on the 15th of january 1970.
		Biafra was again reintegrated into the Republic of Nigeria.
	www.giervalk.bravepages.com /Biafra/biafra.html (106 words)

	Biafra, Republic of
		African state proclaimed 1967 when fears that Nigerian central government was increasingly in the hands of the rival Hausa tribe led the predominantly Ibo Eastern Region of Nigeria to secede under Lt-Col Odumegwu Ojukwu.
		On the proclamation of Biafra, civil war ensued with the rest of the federation.
		In a bitterly fought campaign federal forces confined the Biafrans to a shrinking area of the interior by 1968, and by 1970 Biafra ceased to exist.
	www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0017866.html (177 words)

	Nigeria - Biafra, Benin
		"The Republic of Biafra formed in Eastern Nigeria on 30 May 1967 had a flag of red, fl and green, horizontally, with a rising sun from the Coat of Arms (of the old Eastern Province) in gold in the centre.
		Flag of the so-called Republic of Benin established in mid-west Nigeria in 1967.
		The flag was the same as Biafra's but the red is changed to fl (and then the fl is 2/3 of the flag).
	atlasgeo.span.ch /fotw/flags/ng-biaf.html (392 words)

	The Banknotes of Biafra
		Despite many early successes, Biafra was mostly on the back foot during the conflict; and, as well as defending itself, had to support the millions of refugees who had returned to the region after the massacres.
		The headquarters of the Bank of Biafra were known to be located in Port Harcourt in early 1968, but the town fell to federal troops on 19 May of that year, and the headquarters of the Bank were probably relocated several times due to the fluctuating fortunes of the Republic.
		Like any new nation, Biafra was keen to be identified with its own national symbols, and for this new republic these were primarily their coat of arms, the rising sun, and the palm tree – all being used extensively on Biafran national instruments.
	www.pjsymes.com.au /articles/biafra.htm (8214 words)

	THISDAYonline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		According to the News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) the group had concluded plans to relaunch the republic of Biafra flag, launching of their regalia, such as their military uniforms, the coat-of-arms and their currency.
		He described the activities of MASSOB as illegal and unconstitutional, considering that their agitation for the republic of Biafra had not been granted yet, ``so whatever they're doing now is illegal''.
		Ekpem, who had earlier raised the issues on the floor of the house on Thursday as a motion on adjournment, said that the proposed launch was already causing panic among residents of the city.
	www.thisdayonline.com /archive/2001/05/20/20010520news12.html (259 words)

	Biafra News
		The much announced "Biafra Day" celebration which had pitched the MASSOB against the police was yesterday, marked in Warri, Delta State and environs by Igbos, who demonstrated their loyalty to the cause by shutting down their businesses and staying at home.
		According to him, “Biafra is at hand and we are moving on, on 26th August there will be no war or violence, but what we are going to do that day is we will stay at home, we want to know how things will move that day.
		He said that he initially thought that the men were mentally deranged as they maintained that they were not citizens of Nigeria and did not know why they should be harassed but he found out that they spoke coherently on their belief in the organization.
	www.igbofocus.co.uk /html/biafra_news.html (12264 words)

	USAfricaonline - Apology to Biafra
		In the current Nigerian political environment, if the Ogonis or the Yorubas believe that their continued existence within the Federal Republic of Nigeria is not good for them, they should, by all reasonable means, form the Ogoni Republic or the Republic of Oduduwa, respectively.
		He does not seem to get the fact behind the Biafra war or understand the bond between the Igboman and his 'Land of the Rising sun.' He failed to reckon that defending Igboland was a choice that many men of fighting age made.
		Biafra did not lose the war because Nigerian forces fought better, but because we fought a combined Anglo-Soviet equipped, Egyptian-assisted force, and a near universal acquiescence to the starvation of our people.
	www.usafricaonline.com /Apology.html (3217 words)

	SOVEREGN REPUBLIC OF BIAFRA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		Biafra is independent forever, presidency of Nigeria is only for four or eight years and after that, you go back to bondage.
		Against the backdrop of recent calls for the establishment of a government in exile to run the proposed Biafra Republic, Uwazuruike, a lawyer, in an exclusive interview insists that the only credible candidate for the plum job of interim president is former warlord, Chief Emeka Ojukwu.
		Biafra is his baby, and as long as he lives, he remains the father.
	biafran-republic.blogspot.com (13407 words)

	CASE REPORT
		On behalf of the Government of the Biafran Republic and in accordance with Article 40, paragraph 1, of the Statute of the Court, I have the honor to transmit herewith an Application instituting proceedings against the Federal Republic of Nigeria.
		The Biafran Republic’s sovereignty which is contested by the Federal Republic of Nigeria., in so doing, the Government of the Federal Republic of Nigeria is contesting the long established sacrosanct privileges and rights of independent states.
		That, Biafra is an independent country by virtue of international law., and that, the Nigerian state should cease forthwith the forced occupation of Biafra.
	www.nigerdeltacongress.com /carticles/case_report.htm (1559 words)

	AIM25: School of Oriental and African Studies: Biafra
		Administrative/Biographical history: The Republic of Biafra was a short-lived secessionist state, established in 1967 by the Ibo (Igbo) people of south-eastern Nigeria.
		Biafra proclaimed its independence on 30 May 1967 after the Islamic Hausa and Fulani peoples, who dominated the Nigerian federal government, massacred between 10,000 and 30,000 of the Christian Ibo.
		Biafra's original capital was Enugu, but Aba, Umuahia and Owerri served successively as provincial capitals after the Nigerian forces captured Enugu.
	www.aim25.ac.uk /cats/19/100.htm (324 words)

	The Euphoric Republic of Biafra (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		And they are not coming back to join the MASSOB euphoric republic of Biafra.
		I speak to you from the bottom of my heart and soul and from my experiences of the civil war of which I am a veteran officer that in your part of Igboland, there must not be a safe haven for mischief.
		Ndigbo must continue to be a formidable part of the federal Republic of Nigeria because it is wise to do so in a world where numerical strength has become quite imperative for a better social, and economic order.
	www.nigerdeltacongress.com /earticles/euphoric_republic_of_biafra.htm (1172 words)

	Biafra
		The late Gen. Effiong was deputy in the defunct Republic of Biafra (1967-70) to Gen. Chukwuemeka Odimegwu-Ojukwu.
		Her creative prowess shows that the experience of Biafra is one of the greatest themes of modern African narrative that is yet to be explored.
		Comrade Okokon Ndem (of Radio Biafra fame) was the voice that tormented the repressive rigme of Yakubu Gowon during the Biafran war.
	www.igbofocus.co.uk /html/biafra_.html (10206 words)

	Onuma Ezera Collection
		The tragic disappearance of her husband at the end of the Biafran War prolonged her stay at MSU where she had a distinguished career.
		Geneva: Markpress, on behalf of the Republic of Biafra, 1969.
		Hanbury, H.G. Biafra, a challenge to the conscience of Britain.
	www.lib.msu.edu /spc/rare/mss/240.htm (1726 words)

	Ekwi Nche, Committee on Genocide
		As I lodge this complaint the acts of genocide being complained of are continuing with increasing fury in the Republic of Biafra.
		There are several publications by the Government of Biafra, and impartial observers treating these aspects of the matter, and the members of this honourable committee are respectfully requested to acquaint themselves with some of these publications.
		He said that Germany had once faced the same period of trial in her history which Biafra is facing at the moment; but today, the Germans are leading the world in technological skill.
	www.hartford-hwp.com /archives/34a/053.html (3032 words)

	Teaching and Learning: Biarfa, Nigeria, The West and The World: Republic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		The first information people usually receive about an international flare-up comes from the participants themselves who seek to frame the issues in the way they see them while undercutting the claims of their opponents.
		Nigerian Goals When the secession movement ended, the leader of the victorious Nigerian government stated his views of the issues in a radio speech in January, 1970.
		The global interest in Biafra was related to the pictures of human misery within Biafra.
	www.historians.org /Tl/LessonPlans/nc/Trask/republic.htm (711 words)

	Biafra, Bight of
		Biafra, Bight of, eastern bay of the Gulf of Guinea, W Africa.
		Bonny - Bonny, town, SE Nigeria, in the Niger River delta, on the Bight of Biafra.
		Biafra, Republic of - Biafra, Republic of, secessionist state of W Africa, in existence from May 30, 1967, to Jan. 15,...
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/world/A0807442.html (160 words)

	POE News: None of the news you need - all of the news you want: Biafra: A People Betrayed - An Essay on Biafra by Kurt ...
		There is a Kingdom of Biafra” on some old maps which were made by early white explorers of the west coast of Africa.
		Biafra lost its freedom, of course, and I was in the middle of it as all its fronts were collapsing.
		Think of that: Biafra was so poor in allies at the end that the chief of protocol had nothing better to do than woo two novelists and an English teacher, He made lists of appointments we had with ministers and writers and educators and so on.
	www.poe-news.com /forums/sp.php?si=31&fi=000046159&ti=1000874869&pi=1000874869 (4720 words)

	Osondu.com: Newsletter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		British fair play, British justice, and the Englishman's word of honor which Biafra loved so much and cherished have become meaningless to Biafrans in general and to me in particular.
		When it became clear that General Gowon and the junta in Lagos were not interested in seeking a peaceful solution to the crisis that gripped Nigeria at the time, all Eastern political leaders, including Dr. Ibiam, came out and threw their weight behind the founding of the Republic of Biafra.
		They are a happy reflection of the importance of Africa and her people before God and man. Howbeit, I must renounce all of them at this time.
	www.osondu.com /VolumeTwo/akanuibiam.htm (584 words)

	The Biafran War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		Like most African nations, Nigeria consists of many different groups forced to co-exist within artificial boundaries drawn by the European power that had formerly controlled the region.
		A British colony until its independence in 1963, Nigeria became a republic with four regional governments, in which the ruling party, largely Northerners, dominated the new nation.
		Ojukwu fled the country on January 11, and a delegation to Lagos formally surrendered on January 15, 1970, thus ending the existence of the Republic of Biafra.
	www.scholars.nus.edu.sg /landow/post/nigeria/biafra.html (359 words)

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