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Topic: Republic of Minerva

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	Republic of Minerva - MicroWiki - A Wikia wiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Republic of Minerva - MicroWiki - A Wikia wiki
		Prior to the Minerva Republic, the Minerva Reefs were also notorious due to an October 1962 shipwreck in which a group of Tongan islanders were stranded on the reef for three months.
		The Republic of Minerva issued a declaration of independence in letters to neighboring countries and even created their own currency.
	micronations.wikia.com /wiki/Republic_of_Minerva (635 words)

	Republic of Minerva - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Republic of Minerva was one of the few modern attempts at creating a sovereign micronation on the reclaimed land of an artificial island.
		The Minerva Reefs at 23°23′S 178°58′W in the Pacific Ocean was the site chosen for the Republic.
		In February 1972, Morris C. Davis was elected as Provisional President of the Republic of Minerva.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Republic_of_Minerva (566 words)

	GradeSaver: In the Time of the Butterflies Essay: Minerva's Struggle
		Alvarez uses Minerva's departure for school and her excitement for it to signify Minerva's early emotional divorce from the need for her parents' approval and dependence on their value system, while demonstrating with this scene how independent and strong-minded Minerva is, as compared especially to her sisters.
		Minerva's energy and conviction in herself and in her cause carries her into a role in the underground and then into and through La 40, a prison.
		Alvarez conveys through this that Minerva's resurrection, while not the most revered of her acts or the one that earned her the love of her country, may be her most heroic stage of life; a hero must not only overcome threats to her country but threats to her spirit.
	www.gradesaver.com /classicnotes/titles/butterflies/essay1.html (1177 words)

	Rose Island - MicroWiki - A Wikia wiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Republic of Rose Island (Esperanto: Respubliko de la Insulo de la Rozoj) was a short-lived micronation located on a man-made platform in the Adriatic Sea, seven miles off the coast of Rimini, Italy.
		The purported currency of the republic was the "Mill" and this appeared on the early stamp issues, although no coins or banknotes are known to have been produced.
		Republic of Minerva - a short-lived artificial island micronation in the Pacific Ocean.
	micronations.wikia.com /wiki/Rose_Island (416 words)

	Republic of Minerva (Tonga)
		Tuphou IV of Tonga was rather unhappy to see this republic be born in his kingdom, and sent the Tongan army there, where the soldiers took the flags of the new republic [sic] and replaced them with the Tongan flag.
		The proponents of this project asked the King of Tonga whether he had any claim to the reef, and he did not, so they staked their own claim to it, and were utterly bewildered when the king sent his armed forces to seize it for Tonga.
		Minerva also had a political skirmish with the Kingdom of Tonga over ownership of the reefs that nearly led to a war.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/to_min.html (731 words)

	Amazon.ca: In The Time Of The Butterflies: Books: Julia Alvarez (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		During the last days of the Trujillo dictatorship in the Dominican Republic, three young women, members of a conservative, pious Catholic family, who had become committed to the revolutionary overthrow of the regime, were ambushed and assassinated as they drove back from visiting their jailed husbands.
		Minerva, Patria, and Maria Teresa(Mate) were involved in the underground movement to overthrow the government and rid their country of the cruel dictator Trujillo.
		However, this book is not just the story of Minerva, Patria, and Mate; but also the story of the fourth and oldest sister Dedé who never became involved but instead survived to tell of the bravery of her sisters and care for their children.
	www.amazon.ca /Time-Butterflies-Julia-Alvarez/dp/0452274427 (1447 words)

	The Imperial Collection - The Republic of Minerva
		The Republic of Minerva was the brainchild of Nevada businessman Michael Oliver, who in the early 1970s announced plans to reclaim land from the southern Pacific Ocean and build a libertarian-inspired city-state capable of sustaining a population of 30,000.
		To date, Minerva is one of only a tiny handful of new country projects involving construction of a purpose-built artificial island that have come anywhere close to being realised.
		As far as is known, the Republic of Minerva produced neither postage stamps nor banknotes during its short existence.
	www.imperial-collection.net /minerva.html (263 words)

	Cabinet Magazine Online - New Foundlands
		On the king’s stately mind was one thought—the invasion of the Republic of Minerva, located 270 miles to the west of his country’s capital, Nuku'alofa.
		Indeed seeing as the Republic was situated upon the hazardous Minerva reefs, whose surface was completely submerged at high tide, it hardly seemed conducive to sustaining any human population whatsoever.
		The Republic went unchallenged, but when one of its members was arrested for unpaid debts and taken to serve time in a debtors’ prison in Canada, the Republic of Indian Stream swiftly planned a counterstrike.
	www.cabinetmagazine.org /issues/18/newfoundlands.php (2974 words)

	Micronation
		The Republic of Minerva[?] was set up in 1972 as a libertarian new country project by Nevada businessman Michael Oliver.
		Oliver's group conducted dredging operations at the Minerva Reefs[?], a shoal located in the Pacific Ocean south of Fiji.
		The Conch Republic[?], which began in 1982 as a tongue-in-cheek economic protest by residents and business owners in the Florida Keys[?].
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/mi/Micronation.html (2193 words)

	Can you start your own country? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		At low tide, the Minerva Reefs were exposed to the open air, but at high tide, they were submerged.
		The reefs lay outside the territorial waters of all nearby states, and as they were submerged at high tide, no country could claim them as an extension of their national territory.
		The plan was this: build up the Minerva Reefs until they remained above the waterline at high tide, thereby officially becoming a new island, outside the jurisdiction of any existing country.
	www.privateislandsonline.com /article2.htm (461 words)

	Minerva Reefs - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		South Minerva is shaped similarly to an infinity symbol, with its eastern lobe partially open to the ocean on the northern side.
		Of particular note are the numerous fan coral formations near the pass at North Minerva and the “shark bowl” area located by the narrow dinghy pass on the western lobe of South Minerva.
		Divers at Minerva must be entirely self sufficient, with their own compressor, and also should be aware that the nearest assistance is a multiple-day boat ride away in Tonga.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Minerva_Reefs (628 words)

	Principality FAQs
		In 1972, the Republic of Minerva was established on a group of officially unclaimed sandy cays and islets in the South Pacific outside the territorial seas of any existing sovereign state, in International Waters.
		Later that year, the Republic of Minerva was invaded by the Kingdom of Tonga - notorious for rights violations in the country's legitimate territories - and has been occupied ever since.
		In constructing the new government for Minerva, officials from the current government wanted to avoid the types of failings that existed in the former Republic, as well as the inefficiencies that exist in other republican or democratic systems.
	www.minervanet.org /faq.htm (1666 words)

	Menefee, Republics of the Reefs
		The prince said Minerva had been claimed for Tonga unofficially on Nov. 24, 1966, by a Tongan mariner, Capt. Tevita Fefita, who visited the spot in a trawler and left a Tongan flag attached to a buoy in an "annexation" ceremony.
		This convergence appears to be far from fortuitous, for the period represents a gap between the enactment of the 1958 Geneva Conventions, encouraging the exploitation of the ocean's resources, and the ensuing court interpretations and state action which indicated the extent to which this activity would become a coastal state hegemony.
		The Minerva activity is a potential interference with sea life on the reefs and source of pollution.
	www.zyworld.com /tallini/cesidio/RepublicsoftheReefs2.htm (7656 words)

	Starship Aurora - Constitution of the Republic of Minerva
		Any person wishing to visit Minerva shall be required upon arrival to submit an application for temporary residence with proper credentials (passport) to the authorized agent.
		Judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and equity, arising under this Constitution and the laws of Minerva; to all cases of maritime jurisdiction; to controversies to which Minerva shall be a party.
		In all cases when a foreign country, by official proclamation of its authorities, openly declares itself to be an enemy of Minerva, the courts shall assume that such is indeed the case.
	www.starshipaurora.com /minerva.html (6742 words)

	MINERVA Czech Republic
		Minerva has started new implementations at Vitar s.r.o.
		Technický týdeník (Technical Weekly), March 9, "Minerva: supplier of IS to the drinks industry" Minerva has started new implementations at Vitar s.r.o.
		Business World, "Minerva signs one of the largest ERP contracts of the year" Article about Minerva´s project at HAMÉ a.s.
	www.minerva-is.cz /ang/news.php (1357 words)

	DISTRICT OF LEISTAVIA, micronation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		A micronation (aka cybernation, fantasy country, model country, new country project, pseudonation, counternation, ephemeral state, online nation, and variants thereof) is an entity intended to exist on equal footing with recognized independent states, replace, resemble, or mock.
		The Republic of Indian Stream, established in 1832 on territory claimed by both the US and Canada.
		The Hutt River Province, a farm in Western Australia which claims to have seceded from Australia to become an independent principality with a worldwide population of 13,000.
	www.art-themagazine.com /hybridia/pages/micron02.htm (2210 words)

	UN Day 25 November
		It originally marked the day that the three Mirabal sisters from the Dominican Republic were violently assassinated in 1960 during the Trujillo dictatorship (Rafael Trujillo 1930-1961).
		The three sisters, Patria, Minerva, and Maria Teresa were born to Enrique Mirabal and Maria Mercedes Reyes (Chea) in 1924, 1927 and 1935 respectively in the Cibas region of the Dominican Republic.
		All three were educated in the Dominican Republic, Minerva and Maria Teresa going on to achieve university degrees.
	www.womenaid.org /16days/english/25november.html (1244 words)

	Minerva dating, Minerva singles, Minerva chat at Matchmaker.com
		Minerva dating has never been easier with our show interest feature that will allow you to break the ice with attractive local singles.
		The Minerva dating scene can be hard to find the right person at times; however, we are here to help and our Minerva online dating service is free to register.
		Matchmaker.com is one of the oldest Minerva online dating services on the Internet and has brought thousands of couples together from the area.
	www.matchmaker.com /mm/dating/kentucky-minerva.htm (510 words)

	FROM LEGEND TO REPUBLIC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Senate, or council of elders, had long been accustomed to watching developments and advising the king at his request, and now the Senate was ready to serve as the supreme organ of government.
		It seems that the Romans acquired the gods Jupiter, Juno and Minerva from the Etruscans, and perhaps through the Etruscans the Romans acquired Greek gods.
		At the head of Rome's religion was the Pontifex Maximus, who, when Rome became a republic, had replaced the Etruscan king in this role.
	campus.queens.edu /depts/english/from_legend_to_republic.htm (4802 words)

	Proposed Inhabited Artificial Islands in International Waters:
		Finally, the Republic of Minerva, designed by the Ocean Life Foundation, was established in the South Pacific, on the Minerva Reefs.
		No further information could be obtained in relation to the Republic of Minerva, however, Tonga proposed plans for the reefs indicating a claim to and an effective control of territory.
		As a side note, in the Grand Capris Republic and the Atlantis, Isle of Gold cases, the district court found evidence that the reef was submerged at mean high water, and could not be a natural island.
	www.seastead.org /localres/misc-articles/kardol1999.html (14792 words)

	mental_floss magazine - Where Knowledge Junkies Get Their Fix
		In fact, it’s estimated there are more than 20,000 islands in the Pacific, many of which are simply ripe for the plucking.
		Consider the case of The Republic of Minerva, a would-be libertarian paradise established in 1972 by Nevada businessman Michael Oliver.
		Minerva’s governing principle was the absence of income taxes.
	www.mentalfloss.com /blogs/archives/1646 (471 words)

	As a gateway to Asia, the Hong Kong International Airport is on
		The Republic of Minerva: In the early 1970’s, Nevada businessman Michael Oliver developed plans to build an island platform in the South Pacific for use as a tax shelter.
		Construction began shortly thereafter, and the independent Republic of Minerva was announced in 1972.
		(25) The Republic of Minerva suffered a similar demise in the South Pacific several years later.
	seastead.org /localres/floating-utopias/floating-utopias.html (6237 words)

	\|\| Offshore Manual - We walk the walk, and talk the talk! \|\|
		The entry clearance and general residency requirements of the Isle of Man are very similar to those of both the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland.
		Minerva is a series of reefs in the South Pacific, which were classified as the “Free and Independent Republic of Minerva”.
		The King of Tonga objected to this attempted creation of a new country and took steps to annex the Minerva reefs – some 250 miles away – to Tonga, rather than have neighbors he doesn’t know.
	www.offshore-manual.com /taxhavens/IsleofMan.html (2582 words)

	New Country Projects
		Subsequently, a constitutional committee was formed and set about the critical task of creating a firm foundation of guiding principles for the difficult task of nation building and governance as Anodyne continues to grow and gains recognition and acceptance among the community of brother and sister nations.
		The government of the Republic of Anodyne is committed to establishing its homeland and statehood through peaceful negotiation with other sovereign nations and the United Nations rather than through the use of armed conflict.
		While not exactly a new country, this was to have been a joint project of two model countries, the Kingdom of TorHavn and the Republic of Veshault, to form an actual town.
	www.angelfire.com /nv/micronations/newcountry.html (5247 words)

	The Imperial Collection - The Republic of Minerva (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Imperial Collection - The Republic of Minerva
		Atlantis was a libertarian utopia; an artificial island nation set amidst the sparkling waters of the Caribbean, thriving thanks to the unfettered industry of its residents.
		No other philatelic or numismatic material is known to have been released prior to the project's demise.
	imperial-collection.net /atlantis.html (102 words)

	Electing to Leave: A Readers Guide to Expatriating on November 3rd
		A less fortunate attempt was made in 1972, when Michael Oliver, a Nevada businessman, built an island on a reef 260 miles southwest of Tonga.
		Hiring a dredger, he piled up sand and mud until he had enough landmass to declare independence for his "Republic of Minerva." Unfortunately, the Republic of Minerva was soon invaded by a Tongan force, whose number is said to have included a work detail of prisoners, a brass band, and Tonga's 350-pound king himself.
		The reef was later officially annexed by the kingdom.
	www.commondreams.org /views04/1103-29.htm (1757 words)

	Digital Media Asia: News - EU funds 8 Irish organizations to research e-learning projects
		Eight Irish organizations have won funding from the European Union's Minerva programme to research e-learning topics, reports Irish technology news source Silicon Republic.
		Minerva is a €7.5m distance education and e-learning programme sponsored by the EU.
		The programme is currently funding 26 projects, two of which are being led by Irish companies - Waterford Institute of Technology (WIT) and LM Ericsson.
	www.digitalmediaasia.com /default.asp?ArticleID=17709 (367 words)

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