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	Republic of Ragusa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Republic of Ragusa was a maritime city-state centred on the city of Ragusa (also known as Dubrovnik) from the 14th century until 1808.
		The channel that divided the city from the coast was filled in the 12th century, and Ragusa was merged with the slavic settlement of 'Dubrovnik', that was meanwhile built on the mainland-side of the channel.
		Ragusa and Venice lent technical assistance to the Ottoman-Egyptian-Calicut-Gujarati alliance that was defeated by the Portuguese in the battle of Diu in the Indian Ocean (1509).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Republic_of_Dubrovnik (3631 words)

	The History of the Republic of Ragusa
		Ragusa, as it was called by the Latins, developed gradually under the protection of the Byzantine emperors, though inevitably it had its vicissitudes.
		Ragusa must have had some points of resemblance with the Greek city states of the past, for at no time did its population exceed thirty-five thousand including the inhabitants of the settlements on the mainland and of the neighboring islands.
		Ragusa had friendly contacts with England, if credence can be given to the local tradition that Richard I was shipwrecked on the island of Lokrum, two miles out to sea, on his return journey from Palestine in 1192.
	www.black-knight.org /Deadfire/txt/CRM/Ragusa.2.html (1004 words)

	Never at War
		In all such republics the citizens vote to select and remove officials and otherwise set policy, either directly or through representative councils; in all there is freedom of political expression and association, toleration of politically dissenting minorities, and the rule of law.
		In particular, leaders of well-established republics are expert in applying the methods preferred in a republican political culture; such leaders deal with their equals at home through negotiation and compromise rather than coercion.
		We shall find that republics can reliably be separated into two categories in a manner that is consistent with their pattern of mutual peace by stipulating that the suppression of a crucial domestic "enemy" political group as a body distinguishes oligarchies from democracies.
	partners.nytimes.com /books/first/w/weart-war.html (8866 words)

	RAGUSA
		From 1205 to 1358 Ragusa was governed by Venice, which imposed a government of aristocrats with a Count representing the Doge.
		In 1808 Ragusa, re-built, was conquered by Napoleon, making it a French colony of the Illiric Provinces until the 1815 Treaty of Vienna when it became part of the Habsburgic Empire, eventually passing to Yugoslavia in 1918 with its name changed to Dubrovnik, the name it has still today.
		Ragusa also used coins issued by Venice for Dalmatia and Albania: among these were the "Soldo", the "Liretta" (the small lira) of 20 soldi, the "Gazzetta", the "Bezzo" and the "Leone d'Argento" (Silver Lion) value 80 soldi and its divisions (40, 20 & 10).
	www.roth37.it /COINS/Ragusa/abstract.html (1855 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Ragusa (Dubrovnik), 1660-1808
		In 1667, Ragusa was struck by a heavt earthquake.
		Ragusa continued it's policy of strict neutrality in the War of Austrian succession (1741-1748) and in the 7 Years War (1756-1763).
		In 1806, the Republic of Ragusa was conquered by Napoleon's troops; in 1808 it was incorporated into the Illyrian Provinces.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/balkans/ragusa16601808.html (209 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - Republican Court of Ragusa
		Ragusa citizens pledged allegiance to the King, sing laude three times a year in the cathedral in honour of the King, display his flag and coat-of-arms, and entertain him with a royal escort whenever he came to the town and to join in with their navy any conflict involving any Dalmatian town.
		In the spirit of establishing trade relations between the Kingdom of Hungary and the Republic of Ragusa, this treaty was created with the effort and negotiations of Rubrik Sorkocevici, the Ambassador of Ragusa to the Kingdom of Hungary and Garai Miklós, the Palatine of Hungary.
		The Republic of Ragusa recognize Her Royal Majesty Mary Angevin as the legitimate ruler and Queen of Hungary, and the Kingdom of Hungary recognize the Republic of Ragusa as a legitimate realm and the Ragusan Great Council, Senators and the elected Duke, the rulers of the City
	www.europa-universalis.com /forum/showthread.php?t=201640&page=1 (11450 words)

	[No title]
		Ragusa and the other cities of the Dalmatian coast were the home during the Middle Ages of a flourishing school of Serbian literature, which was inspired by that of Italy.
		The influence of Italian civilization and of the Italian Church was naturally strong in the Serb province, much of which was under Venetian rule; the reason for this was that communication by sea with Italy was easier and safer than that by land with Serbia.
		Nevertheless Ragusa was a great trade center, and one of the factors which most contributed to the economic strength of the Serbian Empire.
	coursesa.matrix.msu.edu /~fisher/bosnia/readings/Forbes1.html (3217 words)

	DUBROVNIK International Film Festival (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Argosy, an English variation on the word Ragusa, was the general term used for treasure-laden ships originating from the Republic of Ragusa, as Dubrovnik was then known.
		Ragusa was also one of the first countries to abolish slavery, approximately four hundred years before England or the United States.
		The Republic of Ragusa was also one of the first countries to recognize the USA when it declared independence in 1776.
	www.filmfestivals.com /bulletin/03/mars/dubrovnik.shtml (445 words)

	DUBROVNIK-RAGUSA Dalmatia, Croatia. HOTELS, ROOMS, ACCOMODATION, APARTMENTS, PENSIONS, GUEST HOUSES
		The Republic of Ragusa had for official language the Italian, the city council was dominated by Patrician families.
		In 1806, the Republic of Ragusa was conquered by Napoleon's troops and on 31 January 1808 the "Repubblica di Ragusa" was dissolved and it was incorporated into the Illyrian Provinces.
		The western walls of Ragusa (Dubrovnik), Minceta Tower on the left, this tower was built in 1461-1464 by Giorgio Orsini (Zara 1400-1475), it was projected by the Florentine Michelozzo Michelozzi (1396-1472).
	www.colonialvoyage.com /viaggi/croatiaragusa.html (1096 words)

	The Maryland Center for Civic Education :: Croatia Partnership
		Dalmatia and the Republic of Ragusa along with its Venetian partner dominated mercantile and diplomatic activities both in Europe and the rest of the known world at that time.
		Ragusa already had a large fleet well stocked with a substantial number of captains, pilots, seamen, and mariners, who like Christopher Colon pitched themselves to other participants of the Mediterranean economical network seeking their own fortunes.
		In Ragusa there was a conscious adoption of Florentinism, which went far beyond the day to day needs of a commercial language and was a reflection of the prestige and influence that Florence, as a seminal center of a new Italian culture, had attained.
	www.marylandciviceducation.org /croatia/atlanticdiscovery.htm (3834 words)

	The FAME: Republic of Ragusa/Dubrovnik, 1272 - 1808 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Republic of Dubrovnik, formed in XIII century, was independent state throughout the history and respectable tradeing power until it was made to an end by Napoleonic army which entered the city on 27-DEC-1807 with consent of city government.
		The flags of the Republic were banned on 27-DEC, but city government ignored the order, so the flags were virtually used until end of January next year.
		Special ensign, typically as the flag indicating that the high officials of the Republic are on board of the vessel.
	jagor.srce.hr /fame/descr/hr-dubro.html (322 words)

	...about Dubrovnik republic, Libertas, Earthquake on the April 6 1667, The government of Dubrovnik and more...
		The Republic of Dubrovnik, also known as the Republic of Ragusa, was a maritime city-state that was based in the city of Dubrovnik from the 14th century until 1808.
		The Communitas Ragusina (Ragusa municipality or community) was renamed to Respublica Ragusina (Ragusan republic) in the 14th century.
		With the January 26, 1699 peace agreement, the Dubrovnik Republic sold/gave two patches of its coast to the Ottoman Empire so that the Venetians wouldn't be able to attack them from land, only from the sea.
	www.dubrovnik-apartments.com /dubrovnik_republic.htm (634 words)

	NATIONAL SECURITY AND THE FUTURE
		Similar to Amalfi, Genoa, Pisa, Florence, and Venice, Ragusa was a commercial city-state living by "intellegentia pecuniae querendo."1 In the 7th century, when the Avars and Slavs destroyed the Greek-Roman city of Epidaurus, some refugees settled on a nearby rock ("laus" in Greek) which became over time Raus, Rausia, and finally Ragusa.
		Like Venice, Ragusa was governed by a prince, with a Great Council, Senate, and a Minor (Executive) Council, all chosen from aristocratic families, limited in number in 1297 in Venice, and in Ragusa in l332.
		Ragusa prospered free in that world because its ruling families' governing doctrines were based on its unique culture.
	www.nsf-journal.hr /issues/v1_n3-4/dedijer.htm (3820 words)

	Republic of Dubrovnik (Ragusa)
		The secondary Dubrovnik flag (1) was white in colour, and in the middle stood the inscription Libertas.
		In the Maritime Muesum for Historical investigations of the maritime affairs of Dalmatia of the Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts in Dubrovnik are kept original flags that were flown on the sailing-vessels of the Dubrovnik Republic in the 18th and at the beginning of the 19th centuries.
		Reading the [isa01], the Republic of Ragusa (Dubrovnik) had flag prescribed already in the statutes of 1272.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/hr-ragus.html (960 words)

	COLUMBUS AND CROATIANS By Adam S
		The 1400's-1650's were in fact a golden age for Croatia disproportionate to her size in territory and population, considering the Ottoman Turk invasion and conquest up to Croatian-Dalmatia and the Republic of Ragusa.
		The Republic of Dubrovnik was known in the Middle Ages as the Republic of Ragusa.
		At the time of discovery by Columbus, Magellan, Cabot, and Verrazano, the merchant fleets of the Republic of Venice, the city states of Italy and the mercantile Croatian Republic of Ragusa were larger in fleet tonnage but were distant from the New World and did not command large armies or territory.
	www.croatians.com /columbus_and_croatians_by_adam_s.htm (2374 words)

	The History of Dubrovnik
		Dubrovnik was originally called Ragusa and was formed in the 7th century when coastal residents took refuge there under the onslaught of barbarian invasions.
		By the 15th century the Republic of Ragusa was a major rival of Venice for control of the Adriatic waterways, trading with the Near East and Europe.
		It was Napoleon who finally put an end to the republic in 1806 when he entered the city and announced its annexation.
	www.croatiatraveller.com /southern_dalmatia/Dubrovnik/dubrovnik_history.htm (378 words)

	Southern Slav States
		The arms of Dubrovnik (or Ragusa) differ from those used by the Republic of Ragusa until 1797.
		The origin of these arms, which were on the flag of the republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina until 1999, has long puzzled me, but they are in fact the arms of the Kotromanic family, which ruled Bosnia in the 14th and 15th centuries.
		But Ragusa used the Arpad coat instead, which appears as the city's arms in a book printed in 1617, as well as on the city's coins minted from 1627 on.
	www.heraldica.org /topics/national/yugoslav.htm (3011 words)

	EARLY CROATIAN CONTACTS WITH AMERICA AND THE MYSTERY OF THE CROATANS* (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In Ragusa the shipowners were the ruling class, the social aristocracy and "their ships sailed every known sea … Like themselves, their peasants were Slavs, Croats, calling themselves Ragusans." In the seventeenth century these Ragusan shipowners sacrificed enormous profits by refusing to ship negro slaves to the American colonies because slavery was forbidden in Ragusa.
		Columbus' ships were cosmopolitan Croatians from the famous Dalmatian city-republic Ragusa." Emphasizing the reputation of Ragusan sailors and shipbuilders who were "among the best in the world, with a long tradition behind them," he stressed the fact that in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries the sailors of Ragusa "sailed on ships of all seafaring nations".
		It is also possible that Ragusa was connected with one of the still unsolved mysteries of American history, namely, the "lost colony" of Roanoke Island and the name of the Croatan Indians.
	www.studiacroatica.com /jcs/01/prpic.htm (6679 words)

	Dubrovnik (Dubrovnik-Neretva County, Croatia)
		Blasius, parton of the city, the barry arms and motto LIBERTAS are ancient symbols of Republic of Ragusa (Dubrovnik).
		That is the old Ragusa flag, to be found on the flagchart in Smith's FTAAATW [smi75b], p.
		This is indeed the flag of Ragusa (or Dubrovnik, as the local name is).
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/hr-du-du.html (248 words)

	Old Homes of New Americans, Chapter 9
		Dalmatia, which is one of the crown lands of Austria, has been the theatre of much of the world's most stirring history, from the time of the Caesars to the day when Napoleon I incorporated it in his short-lived "Kingdom of Illyria." This was in 1810.
		Yet there is no more picturesque spot in all the world than Ragusa, the bride of the sea and the daughter of the mountains, sitting regally on her narrow peninsula that the sea and the mountains allow her.
		I soon found that their purpose was indeed a serious one, for they were bound for the happy land of freedom and prosperity, as they regarded it.
	www.iarelative.com /oldhomes/chap_09.htm (1794 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Ragusa (Dubrovnik), 1526-1660
		The Republic of Ragusa was the first christian state to sign treaties with the Ottoman Empire.
		The city of Ragusa became the center of what is called the DALMATIAN RENAISSANCE, it's many architectural treasures got the city listed in the Unesco World Heritage List (that was prior to the war following the breakup of Yugoslavia).
		Most importantly, Ragusa became the home of writers; here, a new Croatian literature was cultivated.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/balkans/ragusa15261660.html (154 words)

	The Maryland Center for Civic Education :: Croatia Partnership
		The intention of this article is to see the political aspects of those connections during the period from 1778 to 1790 based on the material found in the Archives in Dubrovnik.
		Favi who served as a diplomat for the Republic of Dubrovnik very successfully for 30 years (with some discontinuity), showed even then, as later during the French revolution, intuition and foresight in reviewing political situation and in suggesting the right measures.
		Similar position was of the Venice Republic who allowed her ships to do business with the United States of America, but did not consider necessary to sign market treaty.
	www.marylandciviceducation.org /croatia/francesicofavi.htm (3966 words)

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